Plant Physiology z “physis” ynature of y(ultimate reasons …) z physical & chemical basis for functions z -------------------------- z structure – form.

Plant Physiology

“physis” nature of (ultimate reasons …)

physical & chemical basis for functions

-------------------------- structure – form

anatomy and morphology

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Bio 340 2011

Lecture 75% Exam I -> 1/5 Exam II -> 1/5 Final -> 2/5 Lect. Qu.’s ->

1/5

--> %

Every part is converted to a % score

Lab 25% Battery of 12 Labs ->

48 ptsStudent Journal

Independent Research Project -> 22 pts

Journal Form: Intro, M & M, Results, Sum & Conclusions, Lit. Cited

Lab Quizzes -> 40 pts

TOTAL PTS -> 110 -> _%

Lab Journal

For Each Investigation: Purpose:

a statement of the main objective of the activity; what you are testing, measuring or observing

Procedures (Protocol):provided by the instructor through oral

communications and handouts; summarized in journal

Data (Results):Your whole class data along with your own

individual or group data whenever possible Summary and Conclusions:

4 pts/lab X 12 = 48 pts (You Control the Organization!)

Plant Physiology

Plant Functions: (?) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Plant Physiology

Form & Function

Plant Functions: 1. capture energy &

assimilate carbon 2. distribute nutrients &

water 3. grow & develop 4. reproduce 5. respond to the

environment

- How Plants Work

Plant Physiology

Form & Function

Plant Functions – How they work

I. Phytohormones

II. Water Relations

III. Biochemistry

Main Units of Bio 340

Transpiration?Guard Cells, Stomatesglucose flux, ion flux

Reductionism?

Emergence?

Vascular vs. Non-vascular Plants

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

cell wall plasma membrane protoplast organelles nucleus/

nucleoplasm cytoplasm Cytosol (gel)

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Plasma Membrane - Plasmalemma

up to 50% Phospholipid

up to 50% Protein Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems

bilayer in water impermeable to most

charged particles made in ER,

Chloroplasts & mitochndria

fig 1.16

PlasmalemmaUnit Membrane & Fluid Mozaic Models

___________ Protein ____________ Phospholipid __ Phospholipid ____________ Protein ____________

fig 1.17

Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems Glycolipids

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Vacuole - fluid-filled sac within

most plant cells; surrounded by plasmalemma called tonoplast (aqueous)

May be 80 - 90% of cell volume

function: uptake of water and cell enlargement

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane -

pores

Nucleolus -

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane -

pores

Nucleolus - -> Ribosome

production (Protein

production)

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Endoplasmic Reticulum

system of membrane- canals within the cell rough - (ribosomes) smooth -

Golgi Complex Cis Cisterna Trans Cisterna

fig.1.4

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Golgi Complex Cis Cisterna Trans Cisterna

fig.1.4

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Cytoskeleton 3-D network

Microtubules tubulin Microfilaments actin

Dynamic -> Cytoplasmic

Streaming tubulin Actin

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Cytoskeleton 3-D network

fig.1.22

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Mitochondrion - double membrane

cover

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Mitochondrion - double membrane

cover Cell respiration ->

ATPs glycolysis Krebs Cycle

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Chloroplast - photosynthesis

“Endosymbiosis”

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Plastids - Protoplast ->

Chloroplast - photosynthesis

Amyloplast - starch storage

Chromoplast - pigment storage

fig. 1.21

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Microbodies

Oleosomes -

Peroxisomes -

Glyoxysomes -

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Microbodies Oleosomes - lipid storage; mainly in seeds 1/2 membrane cover; from smooth ER

Peroxisomes - contain catalase; rid hydrogen peroxide

single layer membrane cover

Glyoxysomes - fatty-acid metabolism single layer membrane cover

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Cell Wall - Primary - Cellulose Microfibrils

50%

- Pectin 35% - Glycans (10%) forms X-linkages between Microfibrils, dynamic

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Cell Wall - Secondary 45 % Cellulose Less Pectin Less Glycans Little Pectins 35% Lignin woody high strength (concrete reinforced

with steel rods) (2) Zones

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Cell Plate - fusion of Golgi Bodies -> Middle Lamella

Cellulose Synthase - emzyme for cellulose poduction

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Plasmodesmata - continuation of plasmalemma between cells Desmotubules - continuation of ER

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Primary Pit Field - No secondary CW Pits, Pit Pairs

Pathways

Symplast connections of cytosol through

plasmodesmata

Apoplast non-cytoplasmic spaces

Cells --> Tissues

Parenchyma - photosynthesis; storage (Chlorenchyma); undifferentiated cellsCollenchyma - supportSclerenchyma - supportXylem - (tracheids & vessels) conducting water & mineralsPhloem - (seive tube elements & companion cells); conducting organic food

in solution

Cells --> Tissues

Epidermis - protective covering; replaced by phlellem; (guard cells, cuticle)Periderm - (Cork or phlellem cells); forms

cork cambium

Plant Developmentseed --> embryo --> adult plant

Plant Developmentembryos

Largest Seed Known??

Largest Seed Known??

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

Meristems Apical

primary growth

Lateral secondary

growth vascular

cambium cork cambium

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

Meristems Apical

primary growth

Lateral secondary

growth vascular

cambium cork cambium

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

Root

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

Stem

Monocots vs. Dicots

Leaves Petiole & Blade

Leaves Petiole & Blade

Leaves