Plant-like Protists *First ‘plants’ *First ‘plants’ General General Characteristics: Characteristics: • eukaryotic, unicellular eukaryotic, unicellular to multicellular , to multicellular , diverse diverse • live primarily by live primarily by photosynthesizing and at photosynthesizing and at times heterotrophically times heterotrophically ingesting ingesting • thrives in all types of thrives in all types of aquatic environment aquatic environment Euglena spp.
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Plant-like Protists *First ‘plants’ *First ‘plants’ General Characteristics: General Characteristics: eukaryotic, unicellular to multicellular, diverse.
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• eukaryotic, unicellular to eukaryotic, unicellular to multicellular , diversemulticellular , diverse
• live primarily by live primarily by photosynthesizing and at times photosynthesizing and at times heterotrophically ingesting heterotrophically ingesting
• thrives in all types of aquatic thrives in all types of aquatic environment environment
Euglena spp.
Basic Characteristics of Plant-like Protists
1. Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow to harvest and use the energy from sunlight
2. Euglenophytes (Euglenophyta) are plant-like protists that have two flagella, but no cell wall
3. About half of dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta) are photosynthetic; the other half live as heterotrophs
4. Members of the phylum Chrysophyta are a diverse group of plant-like protists that have gold-colored chloroplasts
5. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon (Si)—the main ingredient in glass
Euglenophyta•Euglenoids (type specimen Euglena); with paramylon oils
•Chlorophyll a, b, and c, accessory pigments include carotenoids
•No cell wall, has flexible proteinaceous pellicle
•When grown in the dark, Euglena’s chloroplasts disappear and it becomes heterotrophic; chloroplasts reappear upon exposure to light; 2 flagella
Model Reproduction for Protists
Euglena
Pyrrophyta / Dinoflagellata •Fire Protists (Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum); with starch and oils
•Chlorophyll a and c, accessory pigments include carotenoids
•Has cell plates of cellulose and silica
•Some forms are bioluminescent; colorful blooms form red tides (HAB’s); 2 flagella
Structure
Pyrodinium
Chrysophyta•Golden Protists (Peroniella; Diaphanoeca); with chrysolaminarin oils
•Chlorophyll a and c, accessory pigments include high carotenoids
•Cell wall has pectin compounds with siliceous materials
•With flagella (1-2) while some groups are aggregated
•Golden colored chloroplasts
StructureBacillariophyta•Diatoms (Navicula; Synedra); with high oil content
•Chlorophyll a and c, accessory pigments include high carotenoids
•Siliceous in nature
•Non-motile or with pseudopodia
•Diatomaceous earth; glasslike, ornate shells in two halves; often mixed with Chrysophyta