Plant kingdom.ppt2013 2014

Plant Kingdom

Basic Plant Characteristics

1) Multicellular 2) Eukaryotic3) Cell walls contain

cellulose4) Autotrophic make food

by photosynthesis using chlorophyll

Evolutionary Trends and Plants…

•There are 4 major groups of plants which are separated by three distinct features:

1) vascular tissue2) Seeds3) flowers

4 Major Groups of Plants

Green Algae Ancestor

Plant Review

• Four main groups of plants1. Bryophytes (Moss)2. Seedless vascular plants

(Ferns)3. Gymnosperms (Plants -

cones)4. Angiosperms (Flowering

plants)

SEED PLANTS

NO SEEDS

Bryophytes

•Non-vascular plants (1-2” tall)•No true roots, leaves, stems•Transfer water by osmosis•Use spores to reproduce – grow moist, shaded areas •Ex) Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

General Life Cycle Plants

• Two alternating phases:

1) Diploid Phase (Sporophyte)-Sporophyte makes spores

by meiosis-Develop into gametophyte

2) Haploid Phase (Gametophyte)-Produce male and female gametes by mitosis-Gametes eventually join to

form sporophyte

Alternating Phases: Plant Life Cycle

Life Cycle Bryophytes

• Gametophyte is dominant stage• Depends on water to reproduce• Spore protonema (tangled mass green

filaments) develop into gametophyte plant• Specific structures make reproductive cells at tips

of gametophyte plant• Antheridia = sperm and Archegonia = egg• Join create diploid zygote = sporophyte stage

Seedless Vascular Plants

• 1st true land plants• Contain “vascular

tissue”/Use spores reproduce

• Ex) Ferns, club moss, horsetails

Structure: Seedless Vascular Plants

• 2 Types of vascular tissue:-xylem – moves water from roots to

all parts of plants-phloem – distributes nutrients and carbohyrates (food) within plant

• Have roots, leaves, and stems-roots – absorb water/nutrients-leaves – site photosynthesis-stems – support plant and connect leaves and roots

Fern Life Cycle

• Sporophyte dominant stage• Grow haploid spores underside of fronds in structures

called sporangia (clustered sporangia = sori)• Spores carried by wind and water grow into haploid

gametophyte• Gametophyte makes antheridia and archegonium which

release sperm and eggs.• Zygotes form adult, diploid, sporophyte.

Gymnosperms

•Reproduce with seeds instead of spores•Seeds are “exposed” = naked seeds (cone) •Ex) “Conifers/Evergreens”–fir, spruce, ginko

Angiosperms

•Seeds are “protected”•Seeds develop inside “flower”/”fruit”•2 groups angiosperms:

1) Monocots2) Dicots