Plant Kingdom Plant Kingdom Major Major Characteristics Characteristics Eukaryotic Eukaryotic multi-celled multi-celled usually green usually green autotrophic autotrophic living living organisms organisms Roots, stems, Roots, stems, leaves leaves Main divisions Main divisions Non -vascular Non -vascular No tube-like No tube-like structures that structures that carry water & carry water & nutrients nutrients All are seedless All are seedless Examples Examples Hornwort Hornwort Liverwort Liverwort mosses mosses
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Plant Kingdom Major Characteristics Eukaryotic multi-celled usually green autotrophic living organisms Roots, stems, leaves Main divisions.
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Plant KingdomPlant Kingdom Major CharacteristicsMajor Characteristics
EukaryoticEukaryotic multi-celledmulti-celled usually greenusually green autotrophic living autotrophic living
organismsorganisms Roots, stems, Roots, stems,
leavesleaves
Main divisionsMain divisions Non -vascular Non -vascular
No tube-like structures No tube-like structures that carry water & that carry water & nutrientsnutrients
All are seedlessAll are seedless ExamplesExamples
HornwortHornwort LiverwortLiverwort mossesmosses
Plant KingdomPlant Kingdom
Non-vascular – simplest of plantsNon-vascular – simplest of plantsThreadlike structures called Threadlike structures called rhizoidsrhizoids
anchor plants where they growanchor plants where they growReproduce through Reproduce through spores spores
Sexual reproductionSexual reproduction Mosses – grow in shallow soil including Mosses – grow in shallow soil including
rocks and tree bases rocks and tree bases
Plant KingdomPlant Kingdom Vascular --tVascular --tube-like structures are ube-like structures are
presentpresentSeedlessSeedless
Reproduces by sporesReproduces by spores Examples – club mosses, horsetails, ferns Examples – club mosses, horsetails, ferns
Recognizing monocots and dicots – look at p 260Recognizing monocots and dicots – look at p 260
In Case You Missed It!In Case You Missed It! Anatomy of a flowering plantAnatomy of a flowering plant
Identify each structureIdentify each structure Describe the function of each structureDescribe the function of each structure
Plant ReproductionPlant Reproduction Vascular vs. non-vascularVascular vs. non-vascular
Spore or seedSpore or seed
Seed plant reproductionSeed plant reproduction Angiosperm vs. gymnospermAngiosperm vs. gymnosperm
Be able to explainBe able to explain
In Case You Missed It!In Case You Missed It! IdentificationIdentification Be able to identify a plant as:Be able to identify a plant as:
Vascular or non –vascularVascular or non –vascular Reproduction methodReproduction method
Seed or sporeSeed or spore Covered seed or naked seedCovered seed or naked seed
Angiosperm or gymnospermAngiosperm or gymnosperm Woody or non-woodyWoody or non-woody Monocot or dicotMonocot or dicot Identify a lichen and explain what it isIdentify a lichen and explain what it is
No Warm-up today!No Warm-up today!
Turn in your [IN] to a blank pageTurn in your [IN] to a blank page Put today’s datePut today’s date Title the page as follows:Title the page as follows:
PLANT PROCESSESPLANT PROCESSES
Plant AnatomyPlant Anatomy StructureStructure and Function and Function
(layer 6)(layer 6)
Roots -- anchors plant in soil, absorbs Roots -- anchors plant in soil, absorbs nutrients and water from the soil for nutrients and water from the soil for plant use (see overhead).plant use (see overhead).
(layer 5)(layer 5)
Stem – carries nutrients from roots to Stem – carries nutrients from roots to leaves, gives support to the plantleaves, gives support to the plant
Plant AnatomyPlant Anatomy StructureStructure and Function and Function
(layer 4 or 5)(layer 4 or 5)
Leaves – carries out photosynthesis, Leaves – carries out photosynthesis, contains stomata that control contains stomata that control movement of gases in and out of movement of gases in and out of leaves.leaves.
Plant AnatomyPlant Anatomy StructureStructure and Function and Function
(layer 3)(layer 3)
Sepals – small, leaflets that support the Sepals – small, leaflets that support the flower.flower.
Petals – leaflike structure that contains Petals – leaflike structure that contains pistil & stamen. Often brightly colored pistil & stamen. Often brightly colored to attract insects & birds.to attract insects & birds.
Plant AnatomyPlant Anatomy StructureStructure and Function and Function
(layer 1 or 2)(layer 1 or 2)
Pistil – female reproductive system Pistil – female reproductive system (includes ovule-egg), receives pollen (includes ovule-egg), receives pollen from stamen so egg can be fertilized.from stamen so egg can be fertilized.
Stamen – male reproductive system, Stamen – male reproductive system, produces pollen grains to fertilize the produces pollen grains to fertilize the ovule.ovule.
Movement of materialsMovement of materials Water movesWater moves
Into roots (Into roots (from the soil)from the soil) Through stem to rest of plantThrough stem to rest of plant
Leaves exchange gases with atmosphereLeaves exchange gases with atmosphere Ex. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vaporEx. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor
Leaf structure & functionLeaf structure & function Upper & lower epidermis (layer)Upper & lower epidermis (layer) Waxy cuticle covers the epidermisWaxy cuticle covers the epidermis Stomata – underside of leafStomata – underside of leaf
Act as doorways for gasesAct as doorways for gases
Most space filled w/ COMost space filled w/ CO22 & H & H220 vapor0 vapor
Most food produced in palisade layerMost food produced in palisade layer
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2yields
Reactants Products
Chloroplast & PigmentsChloroplast & Pigments Leaves contain green structures called Leaves contain green structures called
chloroplastschloroplasts Chloroplasts contain green pigment – Chloroplasts contain green pigment –
chlorophyllchlorophyll
Pigment reflects a part of visible spectrumPigment reflects a part of visible spectrum Plants reflect chlorophyll Plants reflect chlorophyll
This is why they look greenThis is why they look green
Plant food-making process occurs in the Plant food-making process occurs in the chloroplastschloroplasts
Plant cells have green oval-shaped organelles called chloroplast. Chloroplast contain a compound called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll traps energy from the sun to make glucose. Chlorophyll gives the plant its green color.
Microscopic view of chloroplast.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Process where a plant’s chlorophyll traps Process where a plant’s chlorophyll traps
sun’s light energy & sugars are producedsun’s light energy & sugars are produced Besides light, this process needs:Besides light, this process needs:
Light Dependent Light Dependent (cont.)(cont.) Light energy splits water molecules into Light energy splits water molecules into
oxygen & hydrogenoxygen & hydrogen Oxygen leaves plantOxygen leaves plant Hydrogen used for photosynthesisHydrogen used for photosynthesis
Light-independent reactionsLight-independent reactions Does Does notnot need light to occur need light to occur Trapped energy combines carbon dioxide Trapped energy combines carbon dioxide
& hydrogen to make glucose& hydrogen to make glucose Excess glucose may be stored as starch:Excess glucose may be stored as starch:
Carrots, potatoes, beets, onions, etc.Carrots, potatoes, beets, onions, etc.
ImportanceImportance 11stst Produces foodProduces food Directly or indirectly provide food for Directly or indirectly provide food for
nearly all organismsnearly all organisms 22ndnd Remove CORemove CO22 from atmosphere from atmosphere
Adds oxygen (OAdds oxygen (O22) to atmosphere) to atmosphere
RespirationRespiration Chemical reactions that break down food Chemical reactions that break down food
molecules & release energymolecules & release energy
This is how living things This is how living things includingincluding plants turn plants turn food into energy.food into energy.
Occurs in the mitochondria of cellsOccurs in the mitochondria of cells Raw materials: CRaw materials: C66 H H1212 O O66 (glucose), (glucose),