Plant Cell. Cytoplasm Key process = Metabolism – all the chemical reactions that take place in the cell. Jelly like substance that contains the organelles.

Plant Cell

Cytoplasm

Key process = Metabolism – all the chemical reactions that take place in the cell.

Jelly like substance that contains the organelles.

Analogy - Jello

Nucleus

• Control Center• Contains nearly all DNA – instructions for making

proteins and other important molecules• Surrounded by nuclear envelope/membrane• Key processes:

Controls metabolism of cell, controlCell division, proteinsynthesis

Chromosome

• (The Data) … all the directions

• (DNA)

Nucleolus

• Nucleolus – small dense region inside nucleus. Ribosomes are made here.

Endoplasmic Reticulum• Transportation• Rough Endoplasmic

Reticulum (RER)– Covered in ribosomes (rough)– Makes and transports proteins,

especially membrane proteins• Smooth Endoplasmic

Reticulum (SER)– Synthesis (make) of membrane

lipids– Contain enzymes that can

detoxification of drugs – Liver has lots of SER’s

Notice how the E.R. is attached to the nucleus …. Like the ‘hallways’

Smooth and Rough ER

Key process: Transportation of molecules

Ribosomes!

• Protein Factory• Proteins are assembled on these organelles by

following coded instructions from the nucleus

Key process: Proteinsynthesis

Golgi Apparatus• Packaging Center• Modify, sort, and package proteins and other

materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or secretion.

Key processes: Packaging and sorting of proteins

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Mitochondria• Power House• Convert chemical energy stored in food to a

form a cell can use (ATP) during the process of cellular respiration.

• Contain own ‘Mitochondrial DNA’

• Has double membrane

Key process: Cellular respirationC6H12O6 + O2 H2O +CO2 + ATP

Chloroplast• Food Factory • Only in plants – Contains chlorophyll• Captures energy from the sun and converts it into chemical

energy by a process called photosynthesis • 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (from sunlight) C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Key process: Photosynthesis

Glucose

Plastids - Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts and Leucoplasts

• Chromoplasts contain carotenoids that give flowers, fruit and autumn leaves their orange, yellow and red colors.

•Leucoplasts store starch and other molecules for the cell. Many in potato cells.

Process - Storage

Mitochondria/Chloroplasts• These two utilize energy from food and the sun

respectively and convert it into energy the cell can use.

Cytoskeleton• Cell Framework• A network of protein filaments

that helps the cell to maintain its shape (microtubules, microfilaments)

Process = support

Vacuoles• Storage Facility• Plants have big vacuoles

• Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

• In plants, there is a large vacuole which helps with maintaining pressure (turgor pressure) Support– Allows plant to support heavy

loads like leaves and branches

Cell boundaries aka cell membrane• Cell membrane regulates what enters/leaves the cell.

Process - Osmosis

Cell Wall• Castle Wall• Only in Plant Cells• Provides support and protection for cell• Mostly made of cellulose– Cellulose is the key component of wood and paper

Process = Support And protection