Planning the infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography Lennart Funkquist Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Figures are taken from a new SMHI report: Karlson B., P. Axe, L. Funkquist, S. Kaitala and K. Sørensen (2009). Infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography, Reports Oceanography No. 39, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
24
Embed
Planning the infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography Lennart Funkquist Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Figures.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Planning the infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational
oceanography
Lennart FunkquistSwedish Meteorological and
Hydrological Institute
Figures are taken from a new SMHI report:
Karlson B., P. Axe, L. Funkquist, S. Kaitala and K. Sørensen (2009). Infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography, Reports Oceanography No. 39, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Swedish Coastal Waters
some areal facts
• Economical zone is about 155 000 km²
• Territorial water amounts to about 82 000 km²
• European Water Framework Directive (WFD) only contains about 36 000 km²
• But the whole Skagerrak, Kattegat and Baltic Sea may be regarded as coastal waters
• The length of the Swedish coastline is 11 500 or 32 000 km depending on definition
• About 100 000 islands
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Marine environmental monitoring
• National goals- 16 environmental goals
• International conventions- HELCOM- OSPAR- EU Water Framework Directory- EU INSPIRE directory- EU Marine Strategy Framework Directory- EU Shellfish Hygiene Directive- EU Shellfish Water Directive- IMO Ballast water convention
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Horizontal patchiness
Problems in marine monitoring
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009 Cyanobacteria 31 July 2008
MERIS
MODIS
Coccolithophorid 31 May 2004
Example of influence of sampling frequency
FerryBox vs Argos data
Temporal patchiness
Problems in marine monitoring
Vertical patchiness
Central Skagerrak
2003
2004
2007
Kattegat 1998
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Requirements from operational oceanography
Real time
Buoys
Satellites
Ships
Hindcast
Satellite products
Analysed FerryBox data
Expedition data
Validation
Available data sets
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
What do we have today ?
Existing Swedish long term monitoring stations for pelagic biology
Most stations are visited 12 times per year
A few of them 24 times per year
Ship-based monitoring
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Existing Swedish real-time buoys for physical parameters
Three wave buoys with SST sensor
Two profiling systems
One test system
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
N.B. Not shown are the three German buoys in SW Baltic
Chl-a in Skagerrak from FerryBox and MERIS in Feb 2008.
Remote sensing
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
FerryBox lines
FerryBox lines, existing and proposed
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Comparison Ferrybox data with satellite data
and in situ data17 March 2007
Station BY1 in SW Baltic in 2006 FerryBox between Norway and Denmark
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Comparison between FerryBox data and ship data in Skagerrakk
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
What do we propose ?
Existing and planned FerryBox lines in the Baltic Sea
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
New FerryBox lines
Existing and proposed FerryBox lines
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Also shown is the Estonian mooring outside Tallinn.
Existing and proposed Swedish moorings
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
One mooring in each main sub-basin of the Baltic for data assimilation and climate time series
N.B. Not shown are the three German buoys in SW Baltic
Existing (red) and proposed (blue) network of observations in the Baltic Sea (left) and the transition area (right)
ODON project – a way to optimize the observational network
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
Proposed coastal moorings
Division of the coast into different water types
Abingdon,11-13 March 2009
New type of communication
Examples-Waverider with SST-Oceanor buoy-Måseskär buoy-Winch based buoys US-Italian winch type-Piles