Planning Construction Chapter 15. Private Sector Most buildings and other structures are built for ordinary people. These people make up the private.

Planning ConstructionPlanning ConstructionChapter 15Chapter 15

Private SectorPrivate Sector

Most buildings and other structures are Most buildings and other structures are built for built for ordinary peopleordinary people. These people . These people make up the make up the private sectorprivate sector (part) of our (part) of our economy.economy.

The private sector is responsible for 3 of The private sector is responsible for 3 of the 4 types of construction.the 4 types of construction.

Private SectorPrivate Sector

For example: A family may need a For example: A family may need a homehome ((ResidentialResidential).).

A person in business may need a A person in business may need a storestore or or a a warehousewarehouse ( (CommercialCommercial).).

A company may need a A company may need a factoryfactory or other or other facility (facility (IndustrialIndustrial).).

Private funds are used to pay for the Private funds are used to pay for the design and construction of these projects.design and construction of these projects.

Public SectorPublic Sector

The public sector of our economy is The public sector of our economy is responsible for public works construction.responsible for public works construction.

This public sector includes municipal (city), This public sector includes municipal (city), county, state, and federal governments.county, state, and federal governments.

Responsible for initiating construction Responsible for initiating construction projects such as projects such as highwayshighways, , post officespost offices, , and and fire stationsfire stations..

Public SectorPublic Sector

Tax money is used to pay design and Tax money is used to pay design and construction cost.construction cost.

Poorly conceived public works projects Poorly conceived public works projects can waste millions of dollars collected from can waste millions of dollars collected from taxpayers.taxpayers.

City Planners (Study)City Planners (Study)

The size and character of the populationThe size and character of the population The economy of the communityThe economy of the community The nature and quantity of natural The nature and quantity of natural

resources such as oil, gas, water, timber, resources such as oil, gas, water, timber, and farmland.and farmland.

Transportation facilitiesTransportation facilities Educational facilitiesEducational facilities The history and culture of the area.The history and culture of the area.

City PlannersCity Planners

Identify areas of potential growth.Identify areas of potential growth. They also identify potential problems that They also identify potential problems that

might limit future growth.might limit future growth. Make recommendations for future Make recommendations for future

community development.community development.

Fascinating FactFascinating Fact

Designed by Joseph Strauss and finished Designed by Joseph Strauss and finished in 1937, San Francisco’s Golden Gate in 1937, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge is crossed by 40,714,000 Cars Bridge is crossed by 40,714,000 Cars each year.each year.

People pay about $55,000,000 in tolls People pay about $55,000,000 in tolls each year to cross it.each year to cross it.

Zoning LawsZoning Laws

Tells what kind of structures can be built in Tells what kind of structures can be built in specific parts of a community.specific parts of a community.

•These laws are designed to protect homeowners from traffic, noise, and other environmental problems.

Zoning Laws May SpecifyZoning Laws May Specify

Maximum property sizeMaximum property size Maximum height of a buildingMaximum height of a building The number of families that can occupy a The number of families that can occupy a

househouse The number of parking spaces a The number of parking spaces a

commercial building must providecommercial building must provide The distance structures must be from the The distance structures must be from the

property’s boundary lines.property’s boundary lines.

Selecting a SiteSelecting a Site

Important factors to consider consist of:Important factors to consider consist of: LocationLocation SizeSize ShapeShape TopographyTopography UtilitiesUtilities ZoningZoning CostCost

Selecting a Site - Questions to AskSelecting a Site - Questions to Ask

Location – Location – Is the site in the city or the Is the site in the city or the country? Is it near roads or highways?country? Is it near roads or highways?

SizeSize – Is the site large enough? If not, – Is the site large enough? If not, can an adjoining site be acquired?can an adjoining site be acquired?

ShapeShape –Is the site long and narrow, short –Is the site long and narrow, short and wide, pie-shaped, or L-Shaped?and wide, pie-shaped, or L-Shaped?

Selecting a Site Selecting a Site TopographyTopography – – refers to the refers to the site’s surfacesite’s surface

featuresfeatures.. Is there a lake or stream? Are there Is there a lake or stream? Are there hills, gullies, large rocks, trees? What is the hills, gullies, large rocks, trees? What is the nature of the soil? Is it dry sand or wet clay?nature of the soil? Is it dry sand or wet clay?

Utilities – services such as electricity, natural Utilities – services such as electricity, natural gas, and telephone.gas, and telephone. Are these available at the Are these available at the site? How much will it cost to have them site? How much will it cost to have them installed?installed?

Zoning – Zoning – Will zoning laws permit the type of Will zoning laws permit the type of planned structure to be built there?planned structure to be built there?

Cost – Cost – Is the price of the site reasonable and Is the price of the site reasonable and affordable?affordable?

SurveySurvey

A survey is a A survey is a drawingdrawing that shows the that shows the exact exact sizesize and and shapeshape of the of the piece of property.piece of property.

It shows the position It shows the position of the property in of the property in relation to other relation to other properties and to properties and to roads and streets.roads and streets.

SurveyingSurveying

It shows levels or It shows levels or elevations (heights) of elevations (heights) of the property, and any the property, and any special land features special land features (rivers, streams, hills, (rivers, streams, hills, gullies, trees, etc.)gullies, trees, etc.)

The survey also The survey also includes written includes written description of the description of the property.property.

Power of eminent domainPower of eminent domain

Is a law that states the government has Is a law that states the government has the right to buy private property for public the right to buy private property for public use.use.

Eminent DomainEminent Domain

(The rights or needs of all come before (The rights or needs of all come before the rights or needs of one)the rights or needs of one)

CondemnationCondemnation

The legal process for taking over land that The legal process for taking over land that an owner has refused to sell is called an owner has refused to sell is called condemnation.condemnation.

The government must prove that the The government must prove that the property is needed. property is needed.

If it does then the owner has to sell.If it does then the owner has to sell.

Scale DrawingsScale Drawings

A small measurement is used to represent A small measurement is used to represent a large measurement.a large measurement.

For example (1/4”) may represent one foot For example (1/4”) may represent one foot (1’).(1’).

There are five types of architectural There are five types of architectural working drawings.working drawings.

Working DrawingsWorking Drawings

Site planSite plan – Shows where the structure – Shows where the structure will be located on the lot.will be located on the lot.

Floor PlanFloor Plan – shows the locations of – shows the locations of rooms, walls, windows, doors, stairs, and rooms, walls, windows, doors, stairs, and other features.other features.

ElevationsElevations – are drawings that show – are drawings that show finished appearance of the outside of the finished appearance of the outside of the structure, as viewed from the ground level. structure, as viewed from the ground level. Fig 15-17 Pg 344Fig 15-17 Pg 344

Working DrawingsWorking Drawings

Detail DrawingsDetail Drawings - show any features that - show any features that cannot be shown clearly on floor plans or cannot be shown clearly on floor plans or elevations that require more information. elevations that require more information. Fig 15-18 Pg 344Fig 15-18 Pg 344

Section DrawingsSection Drawings - show how part of a - show how part of a structure looks when sliced by a cutting structure looks when sliced by a cutting plane. Fig 15-19 Pg 345plane. Fig 15-19 Pg 345

SpecificationsSpecifications

Are written details about what materials Are written details about what materials are to be used for a project, as well as the are to be used for a project, as well as the standards and government regulations standards and government regulations that must be followed.that must be followed.

ReviewReview

Construction may be initiated by the private Construction may be initiated by the private sector or public sectorsector or public sector

A city planner may study a community and A city planner may study a community and analyze its needs, then make recommendations analyze its needs, then make recommendations to planning commissions.to planning commissions.

The site is acquired through direct purchase or The site is acquired through direct purchase or the power of eminent domain.the power of eminent domain.

Architects and engineers design and plan Architects and engineers design and plan structures. Working drawings and specifications structures. Working drawings and specifications are prepared.are prepared.