Planning and Executing a Flexible Coverage Plan Bernard Breton Director, Wireless Development Northwood Technologies Inc.

Planning and Executing aPlanning and Executing aFlexible Coverage PlanFlexible Coverage Plan

Bernard Breton

Director, Wireless Development

Northwood Technologies Inc.

Wireless Telecom Software Solutions

Presentation PlanPresentation Plan

• Present a simple process for LMDS network planning using a demand-centric approach– Traffic modeling using GIS tools– Network planning

• Perform multi-stage deployment while retaining quality of service for all users– Planning defensively to reduce the likelihood of service

disruption

• Conclusion


Market ForecastingMarket Forecasting

• Objective– To predict the required radio resources for a given market

• Tasks to achieve– Review available spatial information– Define the role of each information source on the required

radio resources– Create a formula that relates the different sources of

information


Review of Available Information…Review of Available Information…

High-resolution (1m) canopy height digital elevation model



The same … in 3D !


Review of Available Information …Review of Available Information …

Building footprint (vector information)



Low-resolution (30m) bare-earth digital elevation model


Review of Available InformationReview of Available Information

Low-resolution (30m, 15-class) land classification data


Targeting a MarketTargeting a Market

• Example is built for an LMDS service provider– Concepts also apply to MMDS providers although the

targeted market would likely be different (e.g., SOHO)

• Targeted Market – large and medium-size businesses


How to use the Information?How to use the Information?

• Digital elevation models (canopy and bare-earth)– The building height can be extracted by subtracting the

bare-earth elevation from the canopy height DEM– The building height can be used to calculate the number of

floors in a building– Demand is proportional to building height

• Building footprint– The number of offices per floor can be approximated using

the building footprint (i.e., area)– Demand is proportional to building footprint


Deciding How to Use the InformationDeciding How to Use the Information

• Land classification data– The demand per office can be weighted from the clutter

information

Terrain class Demand during

working day

After-hour

demand

Urban classes High Very low

Residential classes Very low Medium

Industrial Medium Low

Village Low Medium

Commercial Low Low


Processing the InformationProcessing the Information

• All the information is spatial, the use of a GIS will

make the task simple– Enables the definition of equations/queries to relate

spatially enabled information– Can process vector and raster information seamlessly


Step 1 : Building Height CalculationStep 1 : Building Height Calculation

heightearthbareheightcanopyheightbuilding ____

RASTER (1m) RASTER (30m)RASTER (1m)

A raster data calculator is used to calculate the building height


Step 2 : Building Footprint Area CalculationStep 2 : Building Footprint Area Calculation


Step 3 : Targeting the Large Footprints OnlyStep 3 : Targeting the Large Footprints Only

Selected

Discarded


Step 4 : Extracting the Building HeightStep 4 : Extracting the Building Height


Step 5 : Calculating the Number of UsersStep 5 : Calculating the Number of Users

floors

office

usablebuildingusers N

Area

RatioAreaN


Step 6 : Calculating the Demand for Each BuildingStep 6 : Calculating the Demand for Each Building

usersuserbuilding NDemandDemand

Depends on the landclassification andscenario

Each building can have asmany demands as there arescenarios

• Working hours• Transiting• After hour• Etc.


Final Traffic ModelFinal Traffic Model

The total mean demand foreach building is expressedin mbit/s


Final Traffic ModelFinal Traffic Model

Working-day traffic model for Ottawa


LMDS Network PlanningLMDS Network Planning

• Coverage factors– Uplink and downlink interference– Time division duplexing (TDD)– Dual polarization– Rain attenuation– Built traffic model

• Coverage objective– To ensure highest penetration rate


Service Coverage MapService Coverage Map

Detailed Analysis

Overall System Coverage (red = coverage)


Service Coverage Map – Zoom InService Coverage Map – Zoom In

Detailed rooftop coverage analysis


Per-Building Service CoveragePer-Building Service Coverage

Simplified way of looking at LMDS service coverage


Coverage Statistics for Planned AreaCoverage Statistics for Planned Area

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Traffic Buildings

TargetedServed

• Total possible demand– 429.9 mbit/s

• Total served demand– 367.5 mbit/s (85.5 %)

• Total targeted buildings– 1539 buildings

• Total served buildings– 1166 buildings (75.8 %)


Cell LoadingCell Loading

Cell loading expressed in % of total available capacity


Cell LoadingCell Loading


PolarizationPolarization


Best Serving Transmitter Based on C/(N+I)Best Serving Transmitter Based on C/(N+I)


Multi-Stage DeploymentMulti-Stage Deployment

• Any change to the network configuration can affect

the current users– The objective is therefore to be proactive in ensuring that

there will be either no service disruption or a planned service disruption

– That can be performed in (at least) two different ways:1. Planning based on a multi-year demand forecast where

future phases are taken into account at every phase

2. Performing queries on current subscriber base as part of the regular planning process (i.e., defensive planning)


Multi-year Demand ForecastingMulti-year Demand Forecasting

Year Expected

Demand

(mbit/s)

Number of

Hubs

1 125 6

2 250 9

3 800 11

4 1100 13

Plan based on future demand; deploy based on current demand


Multi-year Demand ForecastingMulti-year Demand Forecasting

Pros

• Allows for a very smooth

transition between phases

• Can be used to provide

accurate capital expenditure

information

Cons

• Can slow down the first

phase deployment (i.e.,

initial roll-out)

• Its gain is very dependent on

the accuracy of the forecast


Defensive PlanningDefensive Planning

Plan based on future demand; deploy based on current demand

No change

Throughput reduction

Service disruption

Legend


Defensive PlanningDefensive Planning

Pros

• Can minimize the changes

required at the subscriber

end

• Can be used to predict the

service disruption or

throughput degradation of

current subscribers

Cons

• Will likely produce networks

for which load-balancing

between hubs is not optimal

• This technique is expensive

(e.g., subscriber end

changes) if not used along

with forward-looking

planning


ConclusionConclusion

• Demand Forecasting– GIS-enabled planning tools can help in planning a better

network– A simple process can be used to leverage the value of

commonly available information

• Forward-looking Planning– Multi-year network planning and operation demands that

operators perform forward-looking planning– Due to inprecision in forecast, defensive planning is required

as well

www.northwoodtec.com

Thank You!

Planning and Executing a Flexible Coverage Plan Bernard Breton Director, Wireless Development Northwood Technologies Inc.

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