Plankton, poly culture & aquaculture

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Topic: Plankton, Zooplankton, Polyculture

& Aquaculture

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Sequence of the presentation

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Concept of Plankton andConcept of Zooplankton Polyculture Aquaculture

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Plankton comes from the Greek word “planktos” which means drifter.

All aquatic microscopic or macroscopic drifting plants and animals are called plankton such as- Diatoms, Copepods, Dinoflagellates

All of the floating or drifting life in aquatic ecology

Drifting or having weak swimming power but not against current.

PLANKTON:

Different Size of Plankton

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Picoplankton (.2-2 µm) bacterioplankton

Nanoplankton (2 - 20 µm) protozoans

Microplankton (20-200 µm) diatoms, eggs, larvae

Macroplankton (200-2,000 µm) some eggs, juvenile fish

Megaplankton (> 2,000 µm) includes jellyfish, ctenophores, Mola mola

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Different Size of Plankton

There are two types of plankton:-1) Phytoplankton - which are autotrophs (plant-like) Volvox.

2) Zooplankton – which are heterotrophs (animal-like) Diaptomus.1) PhytoplanktonAquatic microscopic or macroscopic

drifting plants such as Diatoms, Volvox, Anabaena, Pinnularia, Dinoflagellates, Navicula etc.

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Types of lankton

Phytoplankton is the base of the food chain

Nutrientsat surface

SpringDiatomIncrease

Zooplankton

Availablesunlight

Winter Spring Summer Fall Winter

Variations on the Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in Spring and Summer

Arctic

Temperate

Tropical

Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton

Herbivorezooplankton

PhytoplanktonHerbivorezooplankton

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Month

Fig: Diatoms10

Phytoplankton: Diatoms

Fig: Volvox 11

Phytoplankton: Volvox

Fig: Anabaena12

Phytoplankton: Anabaena

Fig: Scenedesmus

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Phytoplankton: Scenedesmus

Fig: Spirulina14

Phytoplankton: Spirulina

Zooplankton

Aquatic microscopic or macroscopic drifting animals e.g. Amphlipod, Copepods, Daphnia, Rotifera, Diaptomus, Nauplus etc.

Nutritional modes of zooplankton:Herbivores: feed primarily on

phytoplankton Carnivores: feed primarily on other

zooplankton (animals) Detrivores: feed primarily on dead

organic matter (detritus)  Omnivores: feed on mixed diet of

plants and animals and detritus 15

Zooplankton: Amphlipod

Fig: Amphlipod

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Fig: Daphnia17

Zooplankton: Daphnia

Fig: Copepod 18

Zooplankton: Copepod

Fig: Diaptomus 19

Zooplankton: Diaptomus

Fig: Nauplus20

Zooplankton: Nauplus

Fig: Bosmina

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Zooplankton: Bosmina

Polyculture Polyculture is the practice of culturing more than one

species of fish in the same pond.

The basic principal of polyculture is that the cultivation of various fish species having different food habits.

To maximize the total production per unit area with the proper utilization of available food in a pond.

There should be a compatible combination of species with diversified feeding habit that should include surface/column feeders to bottom feeders as well as omnivorous to macrovegetation feeding fish species.

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Fig: Illustration of polyculture system in a pond23

Aquaculture

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Aquaculture also known as AquafarmingIt is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish,

mollusc and aquatic plants. It involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater

populations under controlled conditions.Aquaculture refers to the breeding, rearing, and

harvesting of plants and animals in all types of water

environments.

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Aquaculture fresh water fishes Aquaculture in Marine fishes

Mollusc Aquatic plants

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