Planet Health: The Prevention of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Through School-Based Intervention Steven Gortmaker, Ph.D. Harvard School of Public Health /Harvard Prevention Research Center Supported by National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (HD-30780) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Prevention Research Centers Grant U48/CCU115807)
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Planet Health: The Prevention of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Through School-Based Intervention Steven Gortmaker, Ph.D. Harvard School of Public Health.
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Planet Health: The Prevention of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
Through School-Based Intervention Steven Gortmaker, Ph.D.
Harvard School of Public Health /Harvard Prevention Research Center Supported by National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (HD-30780) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Prevention
Research Centers Grant U48/CCU115807)
Overview
• Planet Health: A school-based interdisciplinary curriculum– Curriculum design– Effectiveness – Teachers and students like it!
• Some implications for innovation and evaluation
Planet Health
• Steven Gortmaker, PhD PI
• Karen Peterson, RD, ScD Co-PI
• Jean Wiecha, PhD Project Director
• Nan Laird, PhD Co-Investigator
Carter J, Wiecha J, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. Planet Health. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Press, 2001.
Goals in Creating Planet Health
• Create an interdisciplinary curriculum for middle schools that
– Uses existing teachers
– Reduces obesity risk by improving nutrition, reducing TV time and increasing physical activity
– Is liked by teachers and students
• Strategy: Reducing risk based on science
Planet Health Promotes...
Active Learning
Curriculum Frameworks
Literacy Across the
Curriculum
Behavioral Targets
• Reduce TV viewing to less than two hours per day
• Decrease consumption of high fat/saturated fat foods
• Increase moderate and vigorous activity
• Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables to five-a-day or more
Intervention Components
• Teacher training workshops
• Classroom lessons (16/year) in Math, Science, Language Arts, Social Studies
• Two-week TV reduction campaign
• Physical Education Micro-units (30 five minute units) and Fit-checks
• Wellness sessions for teachers (3)
Planet HealthIntervention/Evaluation
• 6th-8th grade students in 10 ethnically diverse public schools, 4 communities outside Boston MA
• Schools randomly assigned; 5 Intervention, 5 control
• Primary endpoint: obesity
Process Results: Planet Health
• Classroom teachers completed on average 3.4 (out of 4) lessons
• PE teachers completed on average 8.2 micro-units
• Teachers liked the curriculum!
• Increases in student knowledge (I vs C) P=0.02
Effects of Planet Health
• Obesity among females in intervention schools was reduced compared to controls (OR 0.48; P=0.03)
• Reductions in TV; both boys & girls• Among girls, each hour of TV => reduced obesity (OR
0.86/hour; P=0.02)• Increases in fruit and vegetable intake and less increment in
total energy intake among girls (P=0.003 and P=0.05)
• Gortmaker SL, Peterson K, Wiecha J, Sobol AM, Dixit S, Fox MK, Laird N. Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth: Planet Health. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 1999;153:409-18.
Intervention Impact by School
• Females: evidence for intervention impact in 4 of 5 schools. If the one ineffective site is dropped, intervention effect on obesity is: OR 0.31; P=0.0002
• Males: if the same school is dropped, intervention effect on obesity is OR 0.70; P=0.05
Change in Obesity by Ethnic Group
• Females: evidence for intervention impact by ethnic group – Afro-American (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.04-0.51) – White (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.20-1.13)– Hispanic (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.03-5.3)
Safety: Females
- Evidence for lower incidence of disordered eating behaviors among girls in intervention schools
- Among nondieting girls, onset of these behaviors was 11 times more likely in control versus intervention schools (odds ratio: 10.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 112)
Austin SB, Field AE, Gortmaker SL, 1992. Abstract; Academy for Eating Disorders
Conclusions: Planet Health
• Increased student knowledge of healthy diet
• Reduced TV viewing
• Among girls, reduced obesity, improved diet
• Intervention effect on obesity mediated by TV viewing
• Well liked by teachers, well implemented
Diffusion of Planet Health
• About 2000 copies of Planet Health distributed
• In 48 states in the US
• In more than 20 foreign countries
Television Viewing and Energy Balance: The Science
• How can television viewing cause obesity?
• Evidence in support of hypothesis
Hypothesized Impact of Television Viewing on Obesity
ObesityTelevisionViewing
DietaryIntake
Inactivity
Evidence for the Impact of Television Viewing on Obesity
Population-Based Epidemiological Data
13 studies in United States
9 studies in other countries
Evidence for the Impact of Television Viewing on Obesity
4 Randomized Controlled Trials
1) Epstein et al. Health Psychol 1995.
2) Robinson. JAMA.1999.
3) Gortmaker et al. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999.