Planet EV 4 Guideline

8/12/2019 Planet EV 4 Guideline

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Document on Planet EV

Acknowledgement

This document is dedicated to my friend Mr. Nimesh Shashtri from whom I learned many thingsin my life.

For me he is a kind of personality that I havent yet met. If I can implement what I had learntfrom him in my life then I think it would be a great achievement for me. Its my good luck that Iwent to Mumbai for my companys project and came in his contact, which eventually changedmy life.

I wish him best off luck in his life, for me he is always at the top. I know one day every one willunderstand what I have observed in him.

My best wishes are always with him and I want him to grow higher.

This document is for every one, and if this document is helpful for you in any means I willconsider my efforts to be worthy.

Thanking You

Shailender Gairola(Technical Sales)(ZTE Corporation)

Made by: Shailender Gairola (Technical Sales ZTE Corporation)


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Planet EV 4.1

Planet EV is a Propriety tool of Marconi .

Requirements to Design a CDMA Network

Clutter File : extension is .grc {It is a Classified File}Grid File : extension is .grd {It is a Numeric Data}

Resolution of Digital Map is 10 meters (used in this Project example)

Cell Site Data Base (if available).Propagation Model .Antenna Pattern



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I. To Create a New Project

Open Project Wizard as shown in the figure.

Project Type is: Mobile Technology

Band : CDMA2000 Class 0-1 gsm (800 MHz frequency band)



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Band Classes

System Operation Bands

Band Class 0 North America Cellular Band

Band Class 1 North America PCS BandBand Class 2 TACS BandBand Class 3 JTACS BandBand Class 4 Korean PCS BandBand Class 5 NMT-450 BandBand Class 6 IMT-2000 BandBand Class 7 North American 700 MHz Cellular BandBand Class 8 1800 MHz BandBand Class 9 900 MHz Band

Project Folder : Select the Folder for your project.E.g. as shown in the figure Project Folder is D:\Shailefinal

Elevation Grid File : Select an Elevation Grid fileAs shown in the figure: Mumbai_height_Reproject_10.grd The File Extension of Elevation grid file is .grd .



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Project Wizard will ask for Clutter Data , if you have a Clutter datachoose Yes.

Clutter File : Select the Clutter fileas shown in the figure: Mumbai_clutter_Reproject_10.grc The file extension for Clutter file is .grc

Create a Site Table : If you have a Site Table the select a Site tableOr choose option to create a new site table .



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Choose a New Site Table e.g. SiteFile.Tab

Select a coordinate system for site table because clutter file (.grc) is in

UTM format but for site we need Longitude & Latitude .

Select Longitude/Latitude (WGS 84) for India .



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Finish the project settings



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II. Project Settings:

Project ID must be - Prj File extension for project file is .dBP

System Settings

Signal Strength Received Power will be : dBmTransmitted Power : EIRP(dBm)Coordinates : Degree



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Advanced Option You can select the Output options from herehere the bin size file is kept 10.5 MB

Project Explorer

Click ok, if the project settings made by you is all correct then the ProjectExplorer window will get opened as shown in the figure.



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III. To Place a Site

Go to Site -> Select New

Tool will ask you to create a newconfiguration or to use an existingconfiguration.

Now the site property window will get openSite

Site ID : Select the Site identification , which you want to giveModel : From here you can select the Propagation Model Insert Radials , Distance , Height etc.

Sectors

In this window input the required information like Technology , Antenna that youare using, and Azimuths for Sectors etc. as shown in the figure.Save the configuration.



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At this time few options you cannot select like, Longitude/Latitude or cdma2000Settings because you are creating a new site configuration file. Once you had done thatnow you can place the site on map.As shown below

: - Place Site

Select this Option ( Place Site )

Tool will ask for Site Configuration , now you canselect the Site Configuration, which you havecreated earlier.

Site Property window will get open, Now all the options are available;You can enter the Longitude and Latitude of the Siteand can also change the cdma2000 settings.

As shown in the figure

To open a vector MapGo to File menu -> Select Open Table -> Open vector Map form its location .



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IV. Network Settings

Go to Edit menu -> select Network Settings

Mobile Technology -Network Setting Window will get open.

a) Network Technology : Its cdma2000 Network Operator : e.g. MTNL

b) Spectrum Allocation

Allocate the frequency which is allotted to the operator or for which youare designing the Network.

e.g. Frequency Channel allotted is 185

Formula : 870 + 0.03 x n n: Frequency Channel i.e. 185 : 870 + 0.03 x 185: 875.55 is the center frequency



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As Bandwidth is 1.23 MHz

So for frequency channel 185 Downlink Carrier Frequency Band isStart: 875.55 (1.23/2) MHz End: 875.55 + (1.23/2) MHz

Band Name: Band_Class_0 (for 800MHz Band )

c) CDMA2000

1) cdma2000

GeneralChip rate : 1.2288 McpsPilot pollution threshold : -18.00 dBReverse other system interference : -200.00 dBmForward other system interference : -200.00 dBmBest Ec threshold : -200.00 dBmPilot factor mapping :- Pilot factor Curve.curveVillage factor mapping :- Usage factor Curve.curve



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2) Correlation Model

Non angularCo-Site correlation factor :-0.83Non Co-Site correlation factor :- 0.2


3) Power Control

Reverse power control deviation : 0.70 dBForward power control deviation : 0.70 dBMean reverse power control error : 0.00 dBMean forward power control error : 0.00 dB


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4) Carrier

If there are Two Carriers

Carrier PA Threshold Noise Rise Pref Weightage Preference Standard MTNL_1 90% 5.00 1 50% 1xRTTMTNL_2 90% 5.00 1 50% 1xRTT

Noise Rise : 5.00 dB because by 70% loading cell shrinkage is 5 dB

PA Threshold : 90% means that after 90% utilization of first carrier mobilewill search for second carrier If you are using one carrier than after then keep PA Thresholdvalue to be 100%



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5) Configuration: You can import planet project file from here.Also these files allow you to store your network settings for retrieval ata later stage.



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V. Site Property : How to change the site property.

Choose sites from the category box .

Select the Site -> then choose Edit as shown in the figure.

Site properties box will get open

1) Now you can change the Site propertiese.g.

a) Select Site


Model : Dense Mumbai.dpm (propagation model)

Radials : 120 Height : 28 m

Distance : 2.000 km DEM : Auto

Distance Increment : Auto


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b) Sector

Sector ID Number of sectors you want to define, give them aIdentification

Technology Define Technology which you are using e.g.cdma2000 PA Power (dBm) Not applicable

EIRP(dBm) 47.5 (Pilot EIRP )

Antenna Import Antenna file (You can also choose differentantennas for different sectors or different sites.

Electrical Tilt For special antennas in which you can giveelectrical tilt.

Horizontal Beam

width

Antenna Specified

Azimuth Sector orientation

Tilt Mechanical tilt to the Sectors

Twist Define Twist to the sectors

Group Define Group for site (e.g. Dense Urban, Urban,Suburban, Rural) {User specified group}

Color/Symbol Can give color or symbol to the Sectors or sites, sothat they can recognize easily.

Assigned Repeaters If any repeater is Assigned to any sector toincrease the coverage area, then specify that here.



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2) CDMA2000 Settings : Define CDMA Settings

Select cdma2000 Settings

Site property -> Sectors -> cdma2000 Settings

Carrier : Select the carrier

a. Hardware: Enter the Hardware Configurations

i) Walsh codesMaximum number of codes: 64 (Maximum number of Walsh codes available are: 64,these codes are orthogonal to each other)

ii) Channel elementsa) Total channel elements for site : 173

(Pooled + 35% of handoff percentage to total primary)b) Total channel elements for sector : 0 c) Primary (per carrier) : 0 d) Pooled (per site) : 128 e) Hanoff as a % of total primary : 35.00 %

iii) Throughputa) Max pooled forward throughput : 0.15 Mbps

(Link Budget capacity calculation)b) Max packet throughput : 100 %c) Max circuit throughput : 100 %



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Link Budget : Select Link Budget to enter Link Budget values

Losses & Gain : for Forward Link

Type Name Value (dB/dBi)Gain Antenna: Andrew 16.50Loss Cable & Connector 2.50



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Loss & Gain : for Reverse Link

Type Name Value (dB/dBi) Noise Figure (dB)Gain Antenna: Andrew 16.50Loss Loss 2.50

Gain BTS 0.00 3.20Cable and Connector Loss : - the expected loss between thereceiving antenna and the receiver amplifier.

Power Distribution

PA Power(dBm)

Pilot Power(dBm)

Pilot % ofPA PowerTotal EIRP(dBm)

Total EIRP(dBm)

Pilot EIRP(dBm)

ReverseNoiseFigure (dB)

43 35.553 18 57 49.553 5.70

Link Balancing

Forward ReversePilot EIRP (dBm) 49.650 Mobile EIRP (dBm) 24.00Mobile Sensitivity (dBm) -105.00 BTS Sensitivity (dBm) -135.00Allowable path loss (dB) 154.650 Allowable path loss (dB) 159.00

b. Implementation


Search Window Settings

IndexValue

Window Size (Chips)

0 41 62 83 104 145 206 287 408 609 8010 10011 13012 16013 22614 32015 452


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PN offset

SRCH_WIN_A (Search window-Active Set) : 7 i.e. 40 chipsIndex value corresponding to the size of the search window associated withthe set of active and candidate pilots.

SRCH_WIN_N (Search window-Neighbor Set) : 8 i.e. 60 chipsIndex value corresponding to the size of the search window associated withthe set of neighbor pilots.

Rapid Planning

Received noise rise : 5.23 dB For 70% Loading of NetworkReverse Noise Rise : log[1 / (1- )] dB(Where as = 0.7 as 70% Loading is there )

Reverse Noise Rise : log[1 / (1-0.7)] : 5.23 dB

Forward Total traffic power : 41.03 dBm

Value is being found out from the table belowIt is the Total Traffic power given i.e. after extracting Pilot , Paging ,Sync from the total BTS power.

This Traffic power you can change according

System ValuesPower%(Percentage) Watt dBm

Total 100 20 43.01Pilot 18 3.6 35.56Paging 12.7 2.54 34.05Sync 1.8 0.36 25.56Traffic 67.5 13.5 41.03

Where as

X dBm = 10 x log (P1/P2) (as P2 = 0.001 Watt)

Overhead channels including :< Pilot Channel< Paging Channel< Sync Channel


< Other Channels (such as the quick paging , commonassignment , common control , broadcast control channels ,


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and the supplemental , fundamental and dedicated controlchannels )

Traffic Channels , which supports user Data .

The amount of power available to a sector is based on the physicalcapabilities of the equipment at the site. The Power Distributionsection on the Power panel enables you to specify how much of this

power is required to transmit the overhead channels.

The remaining power is used to transmit traffic channels.

The active user distribution and cell since determine how much poweris actually left to serve the traffic channels.

You can restrict the amount of power that a user can have.

e.g. In dense urban clutter you can reduce Pilot power from 18% to15%, as signal will not have to propagate to long distance, this willeventually increase the traffic power.

c. Quality

Parameters Value

Pilot Detection threshold -12dB

Max noise rise 5.23 dB Max user (per sector) 47 (Link Budget value) T_Drop -14dB Max Co-site servers 2 Max Cell radius 50.00 Km Max Speed 100 Km/h

Max noise rise : 5.23 dB For 70% Loading of NetworkReverse Noise Rise: log[1 / (1- )] dB

(Where as = 0.7 as 70% Loading is there)

Reverse Noise Rise: log[1 / (1-0.7)]: 5.23 dB

Noise Figure : the noise figure, as specified by the manufacturer of theusers equipment


Foreign Interference Level : the expected level of out of-cellinterference from other sites, plus any energy introduced into the carrier

band from an adjacent carrier.


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Eb/No Adjustment : the level of power required to achieve an acceptablelevel of energy at the receiver.

Antenna Diversity Gain : if the link has two receiving antennas and thereceiver amplifier.

d.

Power

System ValuesPower%(Percentage) Watt dBm

Total 100 20 43.01Pilot 18 3.6 35.56Paging 12.7 2.54 34.05Sync 1.8 0.36 25.56Traffic 67.5 13.5 41.03

Total PA Power : 43 dBm Fixed Pilot power : 35.55

(18% of 20W in dBm i.e. 3.6W: 35.56 )

Control power (relative to pilot power )

Relative Sync power: -10.00 dB1.8% of 20W, Subtract form pilot power= 18% of 20W 1.8% of 20W= 35.56 25.56

= - 10.00 dB

Relative paging power: -1.51 dB12.7% of 20W, Subtract from pilot power= 18% of 20W 12.7% of 20W= 35.56 34.55= -1.51 dB

Traffic power limits ( relative to maximum pilot power )

Maximum traffic channel power: 0.00 dB

Fixed pilot power i.e. 35.56 so = 0

Minimum traffic channel power: -32.55 dBDefault value

Other user InterfaceAvg RACH interference power : -200.00 dBm


(default value here no interference is being considered)


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VI. Global Edit

This is used to define the common settings for all.

Go to \\: Sites ->global Edit ->cdma2000

Check all the parameters, which you want to assign to all sites, as shown in the figureThen apply the settings.

You can simply put a site at any place on the Map


:- Place Site , Just select Place Site, and click on the part of the Map where you wantto place the site.


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If you have the latitude andLongitude of the place whereyou want to place the site, youcan edit the site properties andcan change the Latitude and

Longitude of the Placed site.

The Parameters, which you have selected in Global Edit (e.g. cdma2000 settings ) will be

same for all the sites, but you can change the required parameter of any site according toyour requirement by simply editing site property of that site.



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VII. Subscriber Management

Go to //: Category -> Scriber Manager as shown in the figure

< Assign Clutter Classes

As shown in the figureFrom

Category -> Subscriber Manager

Select

Clutter Types -> Assign Clutter Classes

Define Clutter Types from new

Assign Clutters form Unassigned Clutter Classes to the Clutters.



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Clutter Types

Dense Urban buildings_5_8flr buildings_9_11flr buildings_12_15flr buildings_16_21flr buildings_more_21flr

Urbanurban_low_densityurban_medium_densityurban_high_densityurban_with_dense_vegetationindustrial_areaware_house

Suburbanscattered_settlement_villagessuburban_with_dense_vegetationsuburban


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Ruralseasonal_marshy_landzhopar_patti

plantatns_orchardsforest_high_densityforest_low_density

parks_golf_course_gardens

Openseainland waterriverlakes_ponds

barren_land_open_landquasi_openairportmajor_road_regions_1,2

by_lane_region_1,2



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1) BearersAs shown in the figure

FromCategory -> Subscriber Manager

SelectBearers -> cdma2001 Select : cdma2000_RC3_9.6 kbps_Rev

: cdma2000_RC3_9.6 kbps_Fvd

IS2000 Forward Link Radio Configuration



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Following Table briefly explains the Radio Configurations (RC) supported by forwardlink for IS-2000 for spreading Rate (SR) 1 & 3

Forward Link Channel Element Resource Requirement

The maximum data rate (153.6 kbps) supported on the forward link is obtained byutilizing RC 3 or RC 4 .RC 4 requires half as many CE resources compared to RC 3 to support the maximum datarate.

Edit: cdma2000_RC3_9.6 kbps_Rev cdma2000 Bearer window will get open as shown in the figure

Radio configuration : RC3Service data Rate : 9.6 kbps Direction : Rev Technology type : cdma2000

Fundamental Eb/No to FER mapping Edit the curve at EbNo (dB), set FER [%]: 2


or Import the curve if you have


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Supplemental Channel : Import Curve or let Default value Fundamental Channel elements : 1Supplemental Channel elements : 0

Edit: cdma2000_RC3_9.6 kbps_Fvd

Apply the same settings as you have applied forcdma2000_RC3_9.6 kbps_Rev



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2) Subscriber Equipment Types

Create a New Mobile Equipment as shown in the figure

e.g. Shaile-Mobile

Now create a New Technology Band in Shaile-Mobile

Max transmit power : 23.00 dBm (Max mobile Transmit of a cdma handset )

Min transmit power : -50 dBm


Max active servers : 3


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(cdma Handset rack receiver supports max 3 active servers morethen 3 will be a pilot pollution condition)

Antenna Gain : 0(Antenna gain of a cdma handset is considered 0)

Rev noise figure : 9.00 dB(Handset value [7 to 9])

Technology band : Band_class_0

Bearers

Assign Bearers form the Available list.In the Available List you would find bearer

cdma2000_RC3_9.6 kbps_Fvd and cdma2000_RC3_9.6 kbps_Rev which you have created earlier

so assign these from the list, as shown in the figure



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3) Quality: In Subscriber Manager -> Select Qualities shown in the figure

You can Import , Export or can create New

.

Creating a New Quality

Name : QualityShaile

Guaranteed uplink data rate : 9.6 kbits/sMaximum uplink data rate : 9.6 kbits/sGuaranteed downlink data rate : 9.6 kbits/sMaximum downlink data rate : 9.6 kbits/s



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4) Services

In Subscriber Manager -> Select Services shown in the figure

You can Import , Export or can create New Services.

Creating New Services New Service window will get opened, Select the type of service required by you.

Select the type of service required :Circuit switched service



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New Circuit Switched Services window will get open

Name : CircuitSwitched-Shaile Erlangs per subscriber : 0.090 E

Uplink activity factor : 40.00 %Downlink activity factor : 40.00 %Uplink retransmit and control overhead : 0.00 % Downlink retransmit and control overhead : 0.00 %Uplink channel activity factor : 40.00 %Downlink channel activity factor : 40.00 %Priority : 0Cell edge coverage probability : 97 % ( for Outdoor )

: 54 % ( for Indoor )

Required uplink FER : 2.00 %Required downlink FER : 2.00 %Number of downlink connections : 1 ( for Channel element 1 )

: 2 ( for Channel element 2 )

Area probability is the integration of various probabilities at the edge

Edge Reliability is the probability of getting the coverage at the edge of thecell keeping in mind the fade margin and standard deviation. (99% Area Reliability : 97% Edge Reliability)(75% Area Reliability : 54% edge reliability)



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5) Traffic Map : Before creating Subscriber type first create a Traffic Map

1) To make Cosmetic Layer Editable :

Right click the cursor -> go to Layer Control

Layer Control Box will get open now

Make Cosmetic Layer Editable

and if other layers are also editable then uncheck them and make themnon-editable, as shown in the figure.



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4) Now made Traffic-Shaile.tab file editable (which is created by making thecosmetic layer editable and drawing the polygon as shown in the previous steps).

Right click the cursor -> go to Layer Control

Make Traffic_Shaile, Editable

and any other layer if editable then make it un-editable including cosmeticlayer, as shown in the figure.

5) Convert to Regions

Go To GIS -> Object -> select Convert to Regions



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6) Table Structure

Go To GIS -> Table

-> Maintenance

-> select Table Structure

as shown in the figure

Table Structure box will get openSelect Traffic_Shaile

Put Subscribers

Name Subscriber Char [20]Type Quantity Int



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7) Put Subscribers

Select New Browser

Select Traffic_Shaile from the Browser Table as shown in the figure

Assign number of subscribers : e.g. here for the selected area we haveassigned 30,000 subscribers.

Also if you are planning for a City you can select the boundary of the city

and assign the total number of subscriber for which you are designing the Network.

Save Table



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8) Now open Layer Control Box, made all layers Un-editabl e as shown in the figure.

9) Region to Grid

Go To GIS-> Grid Analysis

-> select Region to Grid shown in the figure

Region to Grid box will get opened

Source Table : Traffic_Shaile Column : Subscribers Cell size : 10.000 m

Cell size enter is 10.000 m because, because the Clutter and Height fileresolution is 10 m in this Project.If you are using a Clutter and Height file of different resolution then enterthe same in Cell size.

File name: Enter the file name and its position where you want to save the file.e.g. D:\Shailefinal\TrafficMaps\Subscribers-shailender-services.tab



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10) Project Data

Go to Category -> select Project Data (as shown in the figure)

Now from Project Data -> select New from map data Traffic Map Generator : General

Name: Trafficmap-Shailedner

Traffic data input format : Regions

Input data unit: Subscribers Output data unit: Erlangs/km 2 (i.e. the subscribers you had defined: 30,000)

Conversion factor: 0.09 Erlangs/Subscriber


Select Next >


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Traffic Map Generator : Traffic Data dialogue box will get open

Region/Vector layer : Traffic_ShaileName column : SubscriberData column : Quantity

Select Next>

RegionSelect MapClick Next >

Apply clutter Weighting

You can distribute the user traffic according to the clutter, to do this check onApply clutter weighting box.

Underlying clutter file and Edit

Now as shown in the figure, Clutter Property Assignment window will get open:Apply Clutter Relative Weighting to [TM_Trafficmap-Shailender.crd]Its file extension is .crd

Now according to the Clutter type distribute the TrafficE.g.Reference Name Relative WeightingBuildings_more_21flrs 9Urban_high_density 6Suburban 3Forest_high_density 1


Etc


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Finish Clutter Weighting -> The Traffic Map will get generated As shown in the figure



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6) Subscriber Manager

from Category: select Subscriber Manager Select Subscriber Types

Create New Subscriber Types

shown in the figureyou can also Import and Export the Subscriber Types.

Create New-Subscriber Type

Name : Subscribers-ShailenderGairolaTraffic scaling : 1.00Variance : MeanSubscriber equipment types : Shaile-MobileTraffic : Trafficmap-Shailender

(created earlier)

Usages:

ShortName IndoorWeighting

DeepIndoorWeighting

OutdoorWeighting

VehicularWeighting

Service Quality

1 MTNL_Voice

0 0 1 0 CircuitSwitched-Shaile

Quality-Shaile



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Indoor Weighting for Indoor simulationOutdoor Weighting for Outdoor simulation

Network Analysis

Analysis Layer FilterFrom cdma2000 Analysis -> choose Analysis Layer FilterAs shown in the figure

Select the Simulation plots you want to generate.Reverse Required mobile ERP : MTxForward FER : FERReceived Io : RSSIPilot EcIo : Ec/Io

Best Ec Server : Best server plot

New Network AnalysisGo to Category -> select cdma2000 Analysis

select New Network Analysis

Analysis Name: Shailender_Gairola1Choose Analysis mode: You can choose any of the two modes


1) Monte Carlo


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2) Rapid Planning

Here we have taken Mont Carlo SimulationAs shown in the figure

System Settings

System: - In system box select options.

Simulate power control errorsUse soft handoff gainModel slow fading

Nth Best Server for data layer: (default) or specify thenumber of RUNS you want to generate.

Choose subscriber Type

Subscriber type: - Subscribers-ShailenderGairolaAnalysis Area : - Use the combined area of Selected prediction

Analysis resolution: - 10 m



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Subscribers: - Choose Subscribers window will get open

Select Subscriber : - Subscriber- ShailenderGairola

Enter Run Time parameters


Convergence achieved : - 5.00 %


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(means run Simulations that many times since the differencebetween last simulation to precious simulations is 5 % or less )

Option: - Select following options.Collect discrete information

Automatically generate layersselect Analyze as shown in the figure.

Discrete SubscribersEnter Coverage State

Served, Mobile PA Power, Noise RiseSubscriber Type

cdma2000_Basic Voice



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Select SectorsYou can select all sectors or only Flag filter form this dialogue box.

cdma2000 Analysis Layers



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Now select the GridE.g.

Select -> Analysis

-> Grid Query

Select New

Grid_RecIO_shaileUs0Band_class 0_185_shaile2.Prj.grd

Operator >= -75 (i.e. the RSSI level is better then or equal to 75 dBm )

Value: -75

Select -> Next

Output Result


As shown in the figure


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Output format is Numeric (GRD), RSSI value better then or equal to75 dBm will appear in Green color .

Legends



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Made by: Shailender Gairola (Technical

R S S I


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Similarly you can have Plots for other parameters

I.e.

Ec/Io

MTx

FER

Legends



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Ec / Io


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MTx (Mobile Transmit Power)


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F E R


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Technical Definitions

All signals within CDMA Network shares same Band Width therefore eachsignal is spreaded across the entire 1.25 MHz Channel

Signals are distinguished from each other by a unique channelization code (Walsh Code) that can be detected only by the equipment to which a specificsignal is directed.

The amount of internal and external interference across the Networkdetermines Network capacity(i.e. the number of Calls or Sessions that the Network can support is inversely

proportional to the amount if interference )

On the Reverse Link , user communicating with a site cause In-Cell-Interference Interference is also caused by signal energy received at the site receiver fromuser communicating with other sites (i.e. Out of Cell Interference )

In addition to In-&-Out-of-Cell-Interference on the Reverse Link, Front endnoise and Foreign noise are present .

The cdma2000 module Simulates Network performance using the AdvanceIterative Interference Modeling (AIIM) algorithm to determine interferenceUnlike the Monte Carlo Method which analyzes a set of discrete points (i.e.Mobile Locations )AIIM method analyzes the density distribution of user across a continuouslyvarying surface

AIIM algorithm takes into account the complete interference environmentincluding

Maximum available transmitting power from the siteMaximum available power of the user equipmentPath loss value

Reverse Link losses and gainsFade Margins corresponding to the Clutter-dependent or Global Standarddeviation and required coverage probability for each supported service

Variable penetration losses with in different clutter classes or globallyClutter dependent, as well as service-dependent orthogonality factorsGains associated with Softer handoff & Macro densityUser distribution associated with each of the different supported services



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Generated Analysis layers can help you to determine

Area of pilot pollutionSignal-to-noise ratio and signal strength for both the pilot channel and sync

channel on Forward link

Power required for mobile on Reverse linkPre-service and Global coverageTotal served and un-served active usersThroughputForward and Reverse Macro-diversity Soft-handoff gain and Softer-handoff

gainHandoff status and constraints

Understanding Network Settings

System panel Enable you to define Global Network settings fortransmission frequencies, spreading rates andcharacteristics and handoff control

RF Channel panel Enables you to define orthogonality variations, signalstandard deviation values and penetration losses

Services panel Enables you to model every type of service to be deployedon cdma2000 Network

Configuration panel Enables you to export the current Network settings,import a different set of settings, or restore the defaultsettings

System Operation Bands

Band Class 0 North America Cellular BandBand Class 1 North America PCS BandBand Class 2 TACS BandBand Class 3 JTACS BandBand Class 4 Korean PCS BandBand Class 5 NMT-450 BandBand Class 6 IMT-2000 BandBand Class 7 North American 700 MHz Cellular BandBand Class 8 1800 MHz BandBand Class 9 900 MHz Band



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T Applied : - TAdd + pilot Detection Ratio x(T drop T Add )

T Applied = Calculated value in the Applied Pilot threshold field (dB)

Pilot Detection Ratio: - Value that you can define in the pilot Detection Ratio

box (0.5 default value)

Defining RF Channel Settings

Orthogonality panel

Settings applied only to forward link and are used todetermine the amount of In-Cell interference generated

Penetration panel The settings enable you to more accurately model any userswho are not in open area outside (i.e. the users are inside

buildings, vehicles or underground

Shadowing panel The settings enable you to specify how signal variability(Standard deviation), which has an impact on the fademargin & macro diversity gain is affected by theenvironment.(also can use the Fade margin calculator to calculate thefade margin and standard deviation for a given coverage

probability)

Orthogonality Factor (0.1 to 1)Perfect Orthogonality = 1

( No interference from the channel of the same sector ) = 0( No orthogonality i.e. total interference from all channels of same sector )

To define a clutter-dependent reference orthogonality factor, one can use a clutterreference orthogonality factor ( .cor ) file to model the orthogonality of thechannels having different Walsh Codes received by the environment in relation tothe environment

Global penetration loss value: - between 0.001 and 30 dB

Clutter dependent penetration loss value: - ( .cpl ) fileMobile Transmit power (Min) : (-90 and 20 dBm)Mobile Transmit power (Max) : (0 and 40 dBm)



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Noise power for the receiving Mobile : 0 to 12 Db

Foreign Interference Level : (created by adjacent Networks, adjacent Carrier frequencies ) : ( -150 and 90 dBm)If foreign interference does not apply, set the value significantly below thermal

noise value

To define a Rake-receiver-implementation loss (0 to 30 dB)

0 Perfect Implementation( If service does not support handoffs, this parameter has no effect )

By disabling this parameter for services that support handoff you candetermine by how much the Forward-Link power is increased when the

Rake-receiver is disable (i.e. the impact of Soft-Handoff on Forward link

Activity factor of packet-switched services : -We can use Activity factor calculator to compute the activity factor for PSDservices (E-mail)

Activity factor is the percentage of time that a signal is transmitted on a channelin either direction



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Signal to Noise ratio (Eb/No) adjustment Total received noise level at the site receiver from each user depends on the signalto noise ratio (Eb / No) required to achieve on acceptable level of energy at thereceiver

Eb/No adjustment setting enables you to specify how much more energy themobile must broadcast in order to overcome the differences (E.g. if Eb/No requirement is 4dB and adjustment is 0.5 dB the actual servicerequirement is 4.5 dB )

Cable and connector losses : - The network will experience cable and connectorlosses between the receiving antenna and the receiver amplifierIf using a Mast-mounted low noise amplifier , this value will typically be small

(e.g. 0.5dB )If the received signal experiences cable and connector losses similar to those ofthe Forward link, you can expect losses of about 3dB

PN planning offset1) SRCH_WIN_A: - index value corresponding to the size of the search window

associated with the set of active and candidate pilots 2) SRCH_WIN_N: - Index value corresponding to the size of the search window

associated with the set of neighbor pilots

Length of PN sequences is 215 or 32768 chips and minimum separation between PNoffset sequences = 64 chips so 512 PN value of3 reduces the available number of codes to 170 4 reduces the available number of codes to 128

Pilot ratio: - The sum of all pilot signals divided by best pilot signal(High i.e. close to 1 ) if establishing a pilot in a bin unlikely (Low i.e. close to 0 ) if establishing a pilot is likely

Usage ratio: - The actual user density divided by the average user density (0-1) If high (close to 1 ) where need to establish a pilot is high and viceversa


Cdma2000 mobile use four-fingered rack receivers and typically only three ofthose can receive traffic signals


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Therefore for most cdma2000 mobiles, a maximum of three pilot signals can becombined for a signal gain and extra signals will act as interference

Simulation Network Performance: cdma2000 Networks are interference limited

means the amount of interference in the network determines network performance Forward link Interference : - Two groupsa) Overhead

b) User data (i.e. traffic)

The Overhead signals include following channelsa) Pilot

b) Syncc) Paging (for Radio configuration 1 and 2 only)d) Quick paginge) Common assignment

f)

Common controlg) Broadcast control

The user data signals include the following channelsa) Fundamental

b) Supplemental (including supplemental code for Radio configuration 1 and2)

c) Dedicated Control

Mobile receiver detects these signals individually therefore they are coded usingWalsh codes (Orthogonal codes) so enable these signals separated and spreadover the same band and still be recoverableFactors that reduces the degree of orthogonality include significant multipathsignals with longer time delaysDropped spread (which occurs when users are moving with a multipathenvironment) and Power amplifier non linearity

(Noise in Network) Forward link1) As degree of orthogonality of these signals decrease the interference due to these

signals on the desired signal will increase and reduces its S/N ratio Net impact of this that transmitted power from the site must be increased in orderto achieve the required Signal to Noise ratio (Eb/No) called as (In-cellInterference) due to non orthogonality

2) Other then In-cell Interference there is further interference from other sites All ofthe signal energy received at the mobile from these other sites is interference (i.e.there is non-orthogonality associated with these signals from other sites ) - Out-of-Cell Interference


3) Further interference occurs at the mobile due to its own thermal noise (i.e. KBTnoise ) Thermal noise is the internal noise of the mobile (i.e. noise that existswhen the mobile is located far away from all other sources of interference


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4) Noise due to unknown sources (i.e. foreign interference ) e.g. energy introducedinto the carrier band from a known adjacent carrier

Reverse link Interference: - refers to noise at the sites receivers. Just as there are

so many signals associated with the Forward link, there are also many signalstransmitted by the mobile on the reverse linkSome of these are access channels used for responding to pages and general

Network feedback requirement, Others are used to specifically for transmittinguser data(Whether voice or packet) and for controlling downlink power while receivingdata

Because minimal use is made of the access channel during idle time, it does notcontribute significantly to the interference generated at the sites receiverTherefore Reverse link interference analysis is limited to traffic related channels

The received signals at antenna are not time synchronized as many userstransmitting at one time and so there is no real possibility for orthogonality of thereceived signals

Users communicating with a site cause In-cell Interference some of these usershave their transmitted power controlled by the site and will generally be involvedin controlling the downlink powerOther users, who are in second or greater level of hand-off , will likely have theirequipment power controlled by a different site, typically the site that is providingthe strongest pilot signal

Interference is also caused by signal energy received at the site receiver fromusers who are communicating with other sites (Out-cell Interference) Also Front end Noise and Foreign Noise

Total received Noise level (Io + No) at the site receiver from each user dependson required Eb/No to achieve an acceptable level of energy at the receiverAs the noise increases, which happens as more users access the Network, therequired power from the mobile also increases When the required power from Mobile exceeds its maximum power, the call isdropped or the session terminated

Just as the Total Traffic power was required to determine Forward Interference


The received noise at the site receiver is required to determine the power needed by the users to transmit a viable signal


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Controlling Interference

Effective power control decreases the interference across the Network

Forward power control ensures the traffic power meets the mobiles Eb/No

requirement, without using excessive powerIf Traffic power is excessive, excessive interference occurs on other traffic and pilot signals

Likewise on the Reverse link, inadequate power control can lead to interferenceon the network on the network if mobile using excess power to communicate withthe site. As more users are added to a network, the noise level at the site increases

Site will attempt to keep the received Eb/No value for all users that it is incommunication with the sameThe users that are in soft handoff have their power controlled by other sites and

will have their Eb/No values below the desired levelTransmit power control (TCP) bits are transmitted up to 800MHz on bothForward and Reverse links

Ability of network to fully realize the benefit of the power control is dependent onresponse time of both Inner and Outer loop power controlsOuter loop power control is more restrictive, since it depends on the frameduration and interleaving of data between framesDue to these response time considerations, the power level needed to achieve therequired Eb/No may not be exactly maintained

Required power rise will be higher where less diversity is available e.g. if noantenna diversityThe net effect of increasing power rise requirements is greater Systeminterference there by having a negative impact on network performance

Fade Margin: - Fade Margin defines the a mount of additional power required forsignal to overcome obstacles in the environment and provide the service qualityand reliability required

Fade Margin has no impact on the average amount of power required on theReverse or Forward link to achieve the desired performance

Primary Impact of Fade Margin is to reduce the extent of the coverage



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Coverage may not be provided if the required average power is close to themobile power limit, simply because mobile will not have enough headroom ormargin to allow for power fluctuations due to local shadowingIn general, mobile users will change how and where they use a service in order toget best reception. As a result, the required coverage probability does not need to

be high because users will move to locations with in the bin where they get betterservice quality

The fade margin requirement increases as the Signal variability (standarddeviation ) increases, and as the required coverage probability increases

The fade margin requirement will be reduced significantly in regions of thenetwork where macro diversity gain exists . This occur because the Shadowing ofthe two sites is not correlated

In cdma2000 module the gain associated with macro diversity is also to reduce

the fade margin requirements

System Gains: - A system gain results when additional energy is added to asignal due to mobile configurations factors in the environment or user locationSignal gains result from

1) Antenna diversity2) Situation of soft handoff or softer handoff

Use of multiple antennas at site can have a significant impact on fast (Rayleigh)fading. This diversity reduces the deeper fades, and therefore reduces the degreeof power fluctuations experiencedAntenna diversity can apply to both forward and reverse links provided the siteshas two transmitting and two receiving antennas for each sector

Macrodiversity soft handoff gains: - Occurs on both forward and reverse linkIt occurs when a user is receiving a signal

from more than one site. In this particular case, the variability of the of the pathloss can have a significant impact on the power requirements

It is also possible to consider the effects of additional gain due to signalcombining at the mobile. This is made possible due to rake receiver in the mobileand therefore impact only the forward link

Softer handoff gains : - Occurs when two sectors from the same site are providing pilot coverage to a user. In these situations, the mobile is able tocombine the traffic channels of these signals (not the pilot signal)



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How forward and reverse link channels are modeled

For reverse link channel modeling, a user who does not have enough power totalk back to a site does not transmit energy and hence does not generateinterference

Network performance is typically reverse link limited and primarily driven by themaximum allowable reverse link path loss

Max allowable path loss (Reverse Link)

Pi = EIRP mobile Sensitivity - Margins - Losses - Gains - Interference

EIRP mobile : - Effective radiated isotropic power for mobile (dBm)Sensitive : - Required sensitive on the reverse link for a particular

service (dBm)

Margins : - Sum of all margins that are considered in analysisIn particular two margin are considered1) To account for the log-normally distributed signal

fades caused by shadowing2) For fast fading (dB)

Losses : - Sum of all supplemental losses (e.g. penetration loss) thatoccurs in RF channel and that are not taken into account at

prediction level Gains : - Sum of all gains that occur on reverse link

(Macrodiversity soft handoff gains, softer handoff, and

antenna diversity gain Interference : - Sum of all interference sources on the reverse linkexpressed in terms of noise rise (dB)

Io = Total reverse link interference density, results from both In-cell and Out-of-cell users No= Noise density due to thermal and non system noise

Sensitivity = 10 log 10 (kTB) - Nf + (E b /No requirement ) - G p

k = Boltzmann ConstantT = Ambient Temperature (Kelvin)B = Channel Bandwidth (default 1.2288 MHz for CDMA2000 1x)N f = Mobile noise figure (dB)Eb/No requirement = required energy per bit over the noise density for a given service



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G p = processing gain of service obtained by dividing the chip rate or thespreading bandwidth(1.2288 Mcps for 1Xrtt implementation of cdma2000) by the servicedata rate

How total traffic power is determined

1) Total traffic power transmitted by a site is comprised of all the individualtraffic powers required by the distributed mobiles with which site is incommunication

2) Actual power required by any one mobile depends on the interference at themobile (dependent on other traffic power signals, as well as overhead signals),the antenna gain pattern, path loss between sites and mobile, and requiredEb/No of particular mobile



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Planet EV 4 Guideline

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