Planar Order in a 3D Plaquette Ising model - HWdes/MECO40_talk.pdfPlaquette Ising model Marco Mueller, Wolfhard Janke,Des Johnston MECO40, Esztergom, March 2015 Mueller, Janke, Johnston

Planar Order in a 3DPlaquette Ising model

Marco Mueller, Wolfhard Janke, Des JohnstonMECO40, Esztergom, March 2015

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 1/20

Plan of talk

A 3D plaquette Ising model with a highly degenerate low-Tphase

Consequences for order parameter (main focus here)

Consequences for FSS at first order transition (in passing)

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 2/20

A 3D Plaquette Ising action

3D cubic lattice, spins on vertices

H = −∑�

σiσjσkσl

Not edges

H = −∑�

UijUjkUklUli

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 3/20

Plaquette Hamiltonian Groundstates:Single cube

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 4/20

Ground states, Low T: Lattice

Persists into low temperature phase (Wegner, Pietig)

Degeneracy 23L

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 5/20

Anisotropic (“Fuki-Nuke”) Model

Consider anisotropic variantSuzuki 1973, Jonsson/Savvidy 2000, Castelnovo et.al.2010

Haniso = −Jx∑�yz

σiσjσkσl − Jy∑�xz

σiσjσkσl

Set Jz = 0, Jx = Jy = 1. No horizontal plaquettes

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 6/20

Anisotropic Model

Define new spins τ from pairs of σ’s

τx,y,z = σx,y,zσx,y,z+1

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 7/20

Anisotropic Model = Stack of 2D Ising

Hfuki−nuke = −L∑x=1

L∑y=1

L∑z=1

(τx,y,zτx+1,y,z + τx,y,zτx,y+1,z) ,

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 8/20

Anisotropic Model Order Parameter

Single layer

m2d,z =

⟨1

L2

L∑x=1

L∑y=1

τx,y,z

⟩In terms of original variables

m2d,z =

⟨1

L2

L∑x=1

L∑y=1

σx,y,zσx,y,z+1

⟩

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 9/20

Isotropic case

Hypothesis: Same order parameter works

Hashizume and Suzuki (2011)

Take layers, add ’em up

mzabs =

⟨1

L3

L∑z=1

∣∣∣∣∣∣L∑x=1

L∑y=1

σx,y,zσx,y,z+1

∣∣∣∣∣∣⟩

mzsq =

⟨1

L5

L∑z=1

L∑x=1

L∑y=1

σx,y,zσx,y,z+1

2⟩

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 10/20

Isotropic case: Effect of flips

mzabs =

⟨1

L3

L∑z=1

∣∣∣∣∣∣L∑x=1

L∑y=1

σx,y,zσx,y,z+1

∣∣∣∣∣∣⟩

+

+

−

−

+

−

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 11/20

Isotropic case: numericalinvestigation

Strong first order PT

Multicanonical simulation

Correct order parameter: predicts PT point? isotropic?

FSS properties?

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 12/20

FSS for 1st order PTs

Pirogov-Sinai Theory (Borgs/Kotecký)

Z(β) =[e−βL

dfd + qe−βLdfo]

[1 + . . .]

Fixed boundaries (1/L leading term)

Z(β) =[e−β(L

dfd+Ld−1fo) + qe−β(L

dfo+Ld−1fd)]

Exponential degeneracy (1/L2 in d = 3 )

Z(β) =[e−βL

dfd + 23Le−βLdfo]

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 13/20

FSS for 1st order PTs: degeneratecase

With q ∝ 23L = e(3 ln 2)L

βCmaxV (L) = β∞ − ln q

Ld∆e+ . . .

becomeβC

maxV (L) = β∞ − 3 ln 2

Ld−1∆e+ . . .

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 14/20

Numerical results: order parameters

Order parameter mxabs Order parameter mx

sq

my and mz identical to mx - isotropy restored

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 15/20

Numerical results: susceptibilities

χ(β) = βL3(〈m2〉(β)− 〈m〉(β)2

)Susceptibility for mx

abs Susceptibility for mxsq

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 16/20

Numerical results: scaledsusceptibilities

βχmx

abs (L) = 0.551 37(3)− 2.46(3)/L2 + 2.4(3)/L3

Susceptibility for mxabs Susceptibility for mx

sq

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 17/20

Flipping

Running averages, magnetization and standard susceptibility,various starting configs (green ordered, blue intermediate, reddisordered):

Magnetization Susceptibility

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 18/20

Conclusions

Suzuki was right - isotropic model displays Fuki-Nuke order

....which is a curious “2.5d” order

Scaling is non-standard (c/o degeneracy)

Results agree well with energetic observables (Spec heat,Binder etc)

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 19/20

References

Y. Hashizume and M. Suzuki, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 25(2011) 73; Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 25 (2011) 3529.

M. Mueller, W. Janke and D. A. Johnston,Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 200601.

M. Mueller, D. A. Johnston and W. Janke,Nucl. Phys. B 888 (2014) 214.

M. Mueller, W. Janke and D. A. Johnston,Nucl. Phys. B 894 (2015) 1.

Mueller, Janke, Johnston Planar Order 20/20