Plan

Plan

• Radyasyon Tipleri• Yarı ömür• Fisyon (Çekirdek Parçalanması)• Füzyon (Çekirdek Kaynaşması)• Zincir Reaksiyon• Nükleer Silahlar

Temel Parçaçıklar

XA

Z

Kütle Numarası

Proton Sayısı

A

Z

1p11H1,

proton1n0

nötron0e-1

0-1,

elektron0e+1

0+1,

Beta(pozitron)

4He242,

taneciği

1

1

1

0

0

-1

0

+1

4

2

Determining Half Lives and Dating

Uranium-238 Dating

238U 206Pb + 8 4 + 6 092 -182 2

t½ = 4.51 x 109 years

Radiocarbon Dating

14N + 1n 14C + 1H7 160

14C 14N + 0 + 6 7 -1

t½ = 5730 years

Fisyon OlayıAtom Bombası

Nükleer Santraller

Ne kadar enerji elde ediyoruz?

• 1 g 235U= 9x107 kj

• 1 g kömür= 34 kj

• 1g TNT= 2,8 kj

Chain Reaction

Nuclear Fission

Schematic diagram of a

nuclear fission reactor

The first atom bomb test at the Trinity site in Alamogordo, New Mexico

nuclear bomb crater at nevada

Little Boy-Hiroşimaya atıldı

Fat Man-Nagazakiye atıldı

Nagazaki Semaları

Füzyon OlayıHidrojen Bombası

Nükleer Füzyon

2H + 3H 4He + 1n +

1 1 2 0

Güneş ve Yıldızlarda meydana gelir

Energy

2H + 2H 3H + 1H1 1 1 1

Fusion Reaction Energy Released

2H + 3H 4He + 1n1 1 2 0

6Li + 2H 2 4He3 1 2

6.3 x 10-13 J

2.8 x 10-12 J

3.6 x 10-12 J

Stage

Temperature K Reactions

1 10,000,000 H He

2 100,000,000 He C & O

3 500,000,000 C & O Si

4 5,000,000,000 Si Fe

Fusion reactions in stars• First generation stars

– From products of Big Bang

• Protons, electrons and residual neutrons

– Fusion up to Fe– Supernova

• Second generation stars– From products of

supernova of first generation star

– Our sun –fusion starting with H

– Heavier elements on planets!!

Peki Füzyon Olayı Nükleer Santralde Kullanılıyor mu?

United States First nuclear test: 1945 Most recent nuclear test: 1992 Total tests: 1,030 (815 underground)    RussiaFirst nuclear test: 1949 Most recent nuclear test: 1990 Total tests: 715 (496 underground)   United KingdomFirst nuclear test: 1952 Most recent nuclear test: 1991 Total tests: 45 (24 underground)

France First nuclear test: 1960 Most recent nuclear test: 1996 Total tests: 210 (160 underground)

China First nuclear test: 1964 Most recent nuclear test: 1996 Total tests: 43 (22 underground)

India First nuclear test: 1974 Most recent nuclear test: 1998 Total tests: 7

Pakistan First nuclear test: 1998 Most recent nuclear test: 1998 Total tests: 6

Israel No Nuclear Tests 150-350 estimated nuclear weapons

North Korea No Nuclear Tests 5-15 estimated nuclear weapons

Chernobyl Kazası