Plan for Today: Human Rights & Environmental Issues in IR 1. Constructivist explanation for why states sign/ comply with human rights conventions. 2. Introduce you to brief history of environmental issues in IR. 3. Familiarize with environmental conflict as one major approach to understanding environmental issues in IR.
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Plan for Today: Human Rights & Environmental Issues in IR 1. Constructivist explanation for why states sign/ comply with human rights conventions. 2. Introduce.
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Plan for Today:Human Rights & Environmental Issues in IR1. Constructivist explanation for why
states sign/ comply with human rights conventions.
2. Introduce you to brief history of environmental issues in IR.
3. Familiarize with environmental conflict as one major approach to understanding environmental issues in IR.
“Liberal Constructivist” Explanation (Risse & Sikkink) Norms adopted through process of Norms adopted through process of
“Spiral Model” of Norm Adoption(Risse & Sikkink)1.1. RepressionRepression of human rights in a state. of human rights in a state.
2.2. DenialDenial of abuses. of abuses.
3.3. Tactical concessionsTactical concessions by state. by state.
4.4. Prescriptive statusPrescriptive status of human rights of human rights norms – state accepts norm and norms – state accepts norm and implements in policy.implements in policy.
5.5. InstitutionalizationInstitutionalization of norm: taken-for- of norm: taken-for-granted.granted.
Constructivist concept of “norm cascade” (Sunstein) Support for norm grows until Support for norm grows until
supported by enough actors to reach supported by enough actors to reach “tipping point” “tipping point” adoption by other adoption by other actors happens rapidly. actors happens rapidly.
Constructivist concept of “norm cascade” (Sunstein)
Debate about state motivations Debate about state motivations causing cascade:causing cascade:
1.1. State-centricState-centric: states adopt : states adopt formally to mimic other states but formally to mimic other states but don’t believe in norm.don’t believe in norm.
2.2. Nonstate actor-focusedNonstate actor-focused: nonstate : nonstate actors pressure states and actors pressure states and change public opinion.change public opinion.
(Moravcsik) Why are liberal (Moravcsik) Why are liberal democratic states not biggest democratic states not biggest proponents of HR conventions?proponents of HR conventions?
Response: Norm entrepreneurs Response: Norm entrepreneurs not primarily states.not primarily states.
Summary of Explanations for HR diffusionTheoryTheory How/ why How/ why