Plan for today! Homework discussion! Quiz reminder (Wednesday, December 17) Education in the U.S. Historical context Current structure My experiences in the university system
Plan for today! Homework discussion!
Quiz reminder (Wednesday, December 17)
Education in the U.S. Historical context Current structure My experiences in the university system
Homework! Let’s review a bit
Realism Liberalism Constructivism
Can someone tell me about their homework?
Education in the U.S.10/12/14
Historical Context The Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787
Enacted by Congress Created a procedure by which states could be
admitted to the Union Referring to Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan
Mandated that every township set aside one parcel of land for every 36 for a public or “common” school These became the iconic “little red schoolhouses”
Historical Context Funding was an important debate!
1820, Congress approved collection of state education funds through sale of public lands
By 1860, most states had adopted the idea of publicly funded, free education and giving local communities control over schools
Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) Selling public lands to establish colleges Land-grant schools: 106 today
As America expanded westward, states could only be admitted to the Union if they offered free public education
Historical Context 1890s-1920s
Huge influx of immigrants=huge growth in public schools 1870= 7.6 million students End of 19th century=12.7 million
“By the mid-20th century, the ideal of universal education from kindergarten through high school had become a reality for substantial numbers of Americans. But certainly not for all, especially the nation’s racial minorities.”
-USA Education in Brief
Segregation and Education
Prior to Civil War (1861-65), African Americans had little access to education
1896 Supreme Court rules that segregated schools are
constitutional if they are “separate but equal” Becomes practice in 17 southern and border states Outside of south, pattern of housing and population
essentially resulted in segregated schools
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 Supreme Court decision Ruled that “separate education facilities are inherently
unequal” Forced the integration of school
Video
Video A few things to note before:
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case that claimed that “separate but
equal” was ok NAACP=National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People Civil Rights organization Organized 13 black families that attempted to enroll
their kids in school NAACP then sued when they were turned away
Title I Title I of Elementary and Secondary School Act
(1965) Further pushed integration Provided public funds to schools with poor and
disadvantaged children, but ONLY if they were not discriminating based on race
Racial imbalance still exists today As a result of residential patterns, concentration of
minorities in urban areas
“The lesson is that although American Education remains committed to principles of equality, it often falls short of the goals in practice.”
Women and Title IV Equal rights for education for women was focused on
universities
Title IV passed in 1972 Banned discrimination on basis of gender in higher
education
Structure of the system today
Elementary schools Kindergarten to 5th grade
Middle schools 6th to 8th grade
High Schools 9th to 12th
School attendance to age 16
is compulsory
Structure of the system today
Public v. Private Private schools include Catholic, Quaker, Islamic, Jewish and
Greek Orthodox schools Also home-schooled children=1.1 million
DECENTRALIZATION Education is largely a state and local responsibility How does this connect with America’s founding principles?
Funding Mostly paid for by local property taxes “Public education constitutes the single largest expenditure for
almost every U.S. city and county”
No national curriculum
More on Decentralization
Although the system works mostly at the local and state level, all levels, including federal, play a role Local
Elected boards of education Fund schools with local property taxes
State Elected boards of education as well Oversee local education districts Set standards for students and teachers Approve curriculum, review textbook selections Financial: provide aid to supplement taxes
Federal Provides research and support Student loans
Universities and Colleges
The United States has the greatest number of young people who receive higher education
4,000+ institutions 2-year community colleges Technical colleges 4-year institutions
Small liberal arts to big state universities 1/3 of colleges and universities are private
Generally more expensive Do no receive subsidies from the government
Costs and Competition Higher education in the U.S, costs $373 billion
College can be expensive But 7 of 10 students receive some form of financial aid
Grants, loans, work-study
Entrance is competitive Ivy leagues ACT/SAT scores, essays
Personal Experience Choosing a college
Criteria Out-of-state Journalism programs Freshmen programs offered Financial aid
University of Missouri (Mizzou)
34,000 students
280 Degree programs
19 schools and colleges School of Journalism Honors College
University of Missouri (Mizzou)
350 buildings 23 residence halls (dorms)
800+ student organizations
Library system has 3 million print books
Undergraduate Experience
Dorms
Changing majors
Student organizations
Working in college
Study abroad
Homework Your turn to choose a college in the United States
Research some schools Maybe famous ones you have heard of (Harvard, Princeton) Or maybe states you know (University of Texas) Do you want a big school or small? What do you want to study?
This is a chance for you to be creative!
I want you to write at least a full page in your news journal, answering the questions I post online.
Due Friday, December 19