PLAGIARISM: ETHICS, SKILLS & IN TE N TIONS DOUG ACHTERMAN, HEAD LIBRARIAN, GAVILAN COLLEGE
Plagiarism: Ethics, Intentions & Skills
Sep 06, 2014
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PLAGIA
RISM: E
THIC
S,
SKILLS &
INTE
NTIONS
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Why plagiarize?How we respond.Building skills.Strategies .Turnitin.com
“ Students are not wedded to the integrity of their own writing and do not necessarily assume that others are either.”
Blum, Susan (2009). Academic integrity and student plagiarism: A question of education, not ethics. Chronicle of Higher Education 55(24), A35.
WHY DO STUDENTS PLAGIARIZE?
Focused on success, achievement (Blum, 2009).
Blum, Susan (2009). Academic integrity and student plagiarism: A question of education, not ethics. Chronicle of Higher Education 55(24), A35.
INSECURE ABOUT OWN WRITING ABILITY
“Cheat to compete” (Harris, 2012)
Harris, R. (2012, February 28). Anti-plagiarism strategies for research papers. Virtualsalt. Retrieved from http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
WHY DO STUDENTS PLAGIARIZE?
Skills deficient
ETHICAL INFORMATION USE
Unaware
Intentional
Unethical
Ethical
Unskilled
Skilled
RESPONSES: APPEAL TO MORALITY
Honor codesAcademic integrity
Intellectual honesty
Blum, Susan (2009). Academic integrity and student plagiarism: A question of education, not ethics. Chronicle of Higher Education 55(24), A35.
RESPONSES: FOLLOW THE LAW
Lengthy regulations and procedures in student handbook
Threats of failure, expulsion
Blum, Susan (2009). Academic integrity and student plagiarism: A question of education, not ethics. Chronicle of Higher Education 55(24), A35.
OR:
Academic integrity as a set of skills to be learned
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS?
Recognize the need for information.
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS?
State a research question, problem or issue.
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS?
Determine information requirements in various disciplines for the research questions, problems or issues.
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS?
Use information technology tools to locate and retrieve relevant information.
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS?
Organize information.
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS?
Analyze and evaluate information.
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS?
Communicate using a variety of information resources and technologies.
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS?
Understand the ethical and legal issues surrounding information and information technology.
STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS PLAGIARISM
Introduce plagiarism as a focus of a unit (Karon, 2012)
A. Selected readings about plagiarism instructors as audience
B. Select and evaluate a paper from a paper mill.
C. Reflect on readings/experience
Paper mills with some free content:
http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/mills2.html
Karon, J. (2012). A positive solution for plagiarism. Chronicle of Higher Education 54(4). Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/A-Positive-Solution-for/134498/.
Addressing plagiarism: focus on both writing and research as inquiry processesWonder
& Investiga
te
Formulate
question
Gather &
Evaluate Informati
on
OrganizeDraft
and get feedback
Revise
Reflect on
process and
product
CREATE CHECKPOINTS TO OBSERVE AND COACH STUDENTS’ PROGRESSAsk students for:
• A topic statement or description of a paper’s theme, a thesis statement.
• Early or working bibliography• Notes (see Evernote, Diigo)• Outline• Three different openings for a paper
(Rocklin, 1996)• Other check-in points?
Rocklin, T. (1996). Downloadable term papers: What’s a prof to do? University of Iowa Center for Teaching. Retrieved October 8, 2012, from http://centeach.uiowa.edu/plagiarismRocklin.shtml.
CREATE ASSIGNMENTS THAT ARE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE TO PLAGIARIZE--Connect the paper’s topic to one or
more articles, stories or other readings from class (e.g., a recent reflective essay about nature and its connection to themes from a novel).
--Change the point of view or audience for the piece of writing.
--Other examples?
Harris, R. (2012, February 28). Anti-plagiarism strategies for research papers. Virtualsalt. Retrieved from http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
REQUIRE A MODIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY IN WHICH YOU ASK• How (How did you find this information?
Which database or search tool did you use?)
• Who (Who is the author and why should you trust him/her?)
• Why (Why is this particular document truly relevant to your thesis/research?)
(Idea from conversations with Joyce Valenza, Springfield Township PA Librarian)
HAVE STUDENTS WRITE A REFLECTION ON THE WRITING AND RESEARCH PROCESSWhat worked well for you?
What were your greatest challenges?
Which resources were most helpful?
What advice about the research and writing would you give someone else who is about to do this assignment?
What do you most need to work on to improve your own research process/writing process?
TEACH AND MONITOR DIGITAL NOTE-TAKING:AVOID “COPY/PASTE” SYNDROME BY REQUIRING STUDENTS TO COPY/PASTE
Source Passage What this passage means/how this supports my argument
Karon
By analyzing these "free essays" before the class, students learn firsthand that the papers available over the Internet often are far inferior to what they could produce on their own. When they occasionally happen on a strong paper, they will remark that it is too good: No professor would believe that such a professionally written piece had come from a student for a course assignment.
Having students explore the paper mill sites can actually help them see that this is not a good option.
Blum Given the nuances of citation and their entanglement with issues of educational goals, originality, intertextuality, selfhood, and individuality, it is clear that students cannot simply be handed a brochure and be expected to get it. The message has to be broadcast over and over, by many sincere people who have given it much thought.
Avoiding plagiarism while using sources correctly is complicated and requires layers of skills that are built over time. An institutional awareness of the complexity of this issue and a willingness for all instructors and support staff to…
TEACH DIGITAL NOTE-TAKING. INTRODUCE TOOLS LIKE EVERNOTE OR DIIGO FOR TAKING AND SHARING NOTES. http://www.evernote.com
STUDENTS SHARE NOTES WITH YOU AND/OR EACH OTHER
DIIGO PREVIEW
My “sticky note” comments
What I highlighted.
Lists can be shared with instructor, other students in class.
USE STUDENTS’ NOTES TO ASSESS PROGRESS
• Paraphrasing• Direct quotation• In-text citation• If it’s not in the notes but it’s
in the paper….???
ADJUST ASSIGNMENT TIMELINE BY SPEEDING UP AND SLOWING DOWN
Using Producing
F
I
N
I
S
H
S
T
A
R
T
Old Way
Finding Info.
New Way
Using Producing
Finding Information
TURNITIN.COM
Challenge:If you were a student trying to “defeat” Turnitin.com, what strategies would you use?
TURNITIN.COM
What would the successful deployment of those strategies teach students about plagiarism and academic integrity?
REFERENCES
Blum, Susan (2009). Academic integrity and student plagiarism: A question of education, not ethics. Chronicle of Higher Education 55(24), A35.
Harris, R. (2012, February 28). Anti-plagiarism strategies for research papers. Virtualsalt. Retrieved from http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
Karon, J. (2012). A positive solution for plagiarism. Chronicle of Higher Education 54(4). Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/A-Positive-Solution-for/134498/.
Rocklin, T. (1996). Downloadable term papers: What’s a prof to do? University of Iowa Center for Teaching. Retrieved October 8, 2012, from http://centeach.uiowa.edu/plagiarismRocklin.shtml.
A FEW OTHER RECOMMENDED SOURCES
Brake, A. (2012, July 15). Plagiarism and academic integrity NCWC . In North Carolina Wesleyan LibGuides. Retrieved October 19, 2012, from http://ncwc.libguides.com/content.php?pid=247608&sid=2045074
Carbone, N. (n.d.). Thinking and talking about plagiarism. In Strategies for Teaching with Online Tools . Retrieved October 14, 2012, from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/technotes/workshops/plagiarismhelp.htm
Howard, R.M. (2010). Journal articles and book chapters. Retrieved October 14, 2012 from http://wrt-howard.syr.edu/articles.html.
Leland, B. (2002, January 29). Plagiarism and the web. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from http://www.wiu.edu/users/mfbhl/wiu/plagiarism.htm
McKenzie, J. (1998, May). The new plagiarism: Seven antidotes to prevent highway robbery in an electronic age. In From Now On. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from http://fno.org/may98/cov98may.html
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