Placement Booklet

8/9/2019 Placement Booklet

1/121

PLACEMENT BOOKLET


2/121

1.

2.

2.1 ++

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

3. Qe Read Sfae Ade

4.

Qe Read Sfae Iee

5.

A & Pa Qe

6.

Added

7.

Cc


3/121

.

3 .

.

.

. .

.

( 201213)


4/121

2.

T face a fae ee e d ae d ede f

ce:

C++

A

Daa Sce

Oea Se

OOPS

2.1 ++

Ce a e Bac Cce

Se Cce e

Eea

Pece Cad ( #defe)

Pe Aec

Sce Padd

Sae Cae

Cde Sb

B Maa

J Saee

Oea Pecedece

Fc Pe & Vd Pe

U


5/121

2.2 A

Te Ce ad Sace Ce

A f e caca f cee.

Med e Recece Ea

Sb Med

RecTee Med

Mae Med

Be cae, Aeae cae ad W cae Aa

Seac A

Lea Seac

Ba Seac

Tea Seac

S A

Ca Baed S Tece

Ie S

Seec S

Bbbe S

Mee S

Qc S

Hea S

N Ca Baed S Tece

C S

Bce S

Rad S

Eea S


6/121

2.3

Se Led L

Dbe Led L

Sac

If, Pef ad P Ee

Ee Tee

Paee Mac

Qee

Cca Qee

Tee

Ba Seac Tee

AVL Tee

Red Bac Tee

Sa Tee

23 Tee

B, B+ & B* Tee

Ga

Hea

Ha


7/121

2.4

Kee

Mc ee

Mc ee

Cce f Tead

Pce Maaee

F Ce F See

Se Jb F

P Qee

Rd Rb

MLee Qee Sced

MLee Feedbac Qee Sced

Pce Sca

Cca Sec Pbe

Seae

Me Maaee

Va Me Cce

Pa

Seea

Seeed Pa

Pae Fa, Ta

Bead Aa

Pae Reacee A

F I F O

Lea Rece Ued


8/121

Deadc

Deadc Deec ad Pee

Rece Aca Ga

Bae A

Cace Me Ma

F Acae

Dec Ma

Se Acae

2.5

Abac

Ecaa

Ieace

P

Rea Lfe Eae f OOPS Cce

Cc

Dec

Va Fc

Ece Had

Se Ca

Fed Fc

Teae Cae


9/121

A:

1. Wa e f e a?

:Eea

A:2

: If e d ecf e ae f e ca, e ae a

a 0, ceae b 1 d e . We ca ec ecf a ee ae f

a f e ca ae a eeaed e ca ae. If e ca

ae a f e a ee ae, aaca aed

e ae ae a e e e e.

I e,

Red = 0, Be = 0, Gee = 1, Ye = 4, Bac = 3

B= Bac +Gee = 3+1 = 2.

#cde

aeace d;

a()

e c Red, Be=Red, Gee, Ye=4, Bac, B=Bac+Gee;

c


10/121

#defe SQUARE(a) a*a

a()

= 81/SQUARE(9) ;

c


11/121

3.

Wa e f e a?

:Mac

A:7

:Te cde afe b e

> c c


12/121

#cde

aeace d;

a()

ac e=5;

c


13/121

5.

Pedc e f f a?

: Sce

A: 1 4 2

: Te a:1 cad ea ee aabe a a 1b

aabe. Sa b a 4b aabe ad c a 4b aabe. Te : a

b f a aabe. N e aed e.a ae 1. I e e aaabe e

b f a 1. A e MSB ( A a ca 1 b, e ce cde a

MSB) f e aabe a 1, e ce ea a a e be ad

2 cee. Te 2 cee f 1 1. Hece 1 be ed. Te

e.b = 4 ae b a 0100. Sce MSB 0, e ce ea a a +e

be ad 4. N e.c=14 ae c a 1110, ee MAB 1 ad

eefe ce 2 cee e c 0010 = 2.

#cde

aeace d;

c a

a:1;

b:4;

c:4;

e1,4,14;

a()

c


14/121

6.

Pedc e f e f a?

:U

A: 30 30

Se f 4.

: A e eee f e decaa cc e ae ca

ace e. I e e e f e eae eee f e decaa.

Hee aabe a ad b ae e ae ca ace f 4 be. We e

defe e.a=20 , e ae be ed a 4 be ad e e defe

e.b=30, e ae be ee a 30. B b e aabe aed

ae ca e, ece e 30 30.

#cde

aeace d;

a

a,b;

;

a()

a e;

e.a=20;

e.b=30;

c


15/121

7.

Wa e f e a?

:Pe Aec ad Pecedece Re.

A:

:

a aa f ca * c eee .

a aa f e e e ae f , c ae

e

e [0] , c a e [3] "e"

ceeed [1], c [2] ""

I e c aee deefeeced ce. Te f deefeece a e

[2], e ecd deefeece e e ae f [2] "". Te +1 f e

e e a f "" b e ca, f ee e ed f

e e "". (Ne a deefeece ea * a e

ecedece a +).

#cde

aeace d;

a()

ac ca *[] = "bac", "e", "", "e";

ca **[] = +3, +2, +1, , ***;

= ;

++;

c


16/121

:

M ce ee ecfc e ae aabe f cea e.

ca aabe ca be be aed ad ca aea a a be bda.

( 2 be) aabe be 2 be aed, e ca aea a a

ee be bda. T ea a 010004567 a ad ca f

a aabe b 010004566 .

(4 be) aabe be 4 be aed, e ca aea a be

bdae a ae a e f 4 be. T ea a 010004566

a ad ca f a aabe b 010004568 .

Sce add cc becae e ebe f e ce aea

a e cec be bda, acee e ce add

be ( b f b fed ae e) a e ce ebe aea

e cec ca. Adda e e f e ce be c a

a aa f e ce a e ce ae cec aed e

ee a be add be a e ed f e ce .

F ee e eebe e f ce:

Re 1: Te a adde f a ce d be e f 4.

Re 2: Te a adde f a ee d be e f 4.

Re 3: Te adde f a caace ca be a.

Re 4: Te e f ce d be e f 4.

W ee ce e e e e.

I CANNOT COVER ALL CONCEPTS REGARDING POINTERS.

THERE ARE LARGE NUMBER OF QUESTIONS REGARDING

POINTERS AND PRECEDENCE RULE ONLINE OR ANY OTHER

APTI BOOKS LIKE YASWANT KANETHKARS TEST YOUR C

SKILLS. THOSE ARE FAIRLY ENOUGH. PRACTISE THOSE

PROBLEMS WELL.


17/121

8.

Wa f e a?

A:12 Be

: Le cde a a adde f e ce be 1000. (Re 1)

a; // 1000 1003 (Re 2)

ca b; // 1004 (Re 3)

Padd 3 be af Re 2.

c; // 1008 1011

Se f e ce= 12 be (1000 1011) (Re 4 afed. N e add

eed).

#cde

aeace d;

c a

a;

ca b;

c;

;

a()

c


18/121

9.

Wa f e a?

A: 8 Be

: Le cde a a adde f e ce be 1000. (Re 1)

ca a; // 1000 (Re 3)

ca b; // 1001 (Re 3)

Padd 2 be af Re 2.

c; // 1004 1007

Se f ce = 8 be (1000 1007) (Re 4 afed, ece e

add eed)

#cde

aeace d;

c a

ca a;

ca b;

c;

;

a()

c


19/121

10.

Wa f e a?

A:12 Be

: Le cde a adde f e ce be 1000 (Re 1)

ca a; // 1000

Padd 3 be af (Re 2)

b ; // 1004 1007ca c; // 1008 (Re 3)

Se f ce a f = 9 be (1000 1008)

Hece, add 3 be af Re 4

T, Se f ce = 12 be.

#cde

aeace d;

c a

ca a;

b;

ca c;

;

a()

c


20/121

:

Bea aee bea;

Teae e ce e, d, f c aee

Ce aee ce;

Teae e ea f ce e, d, f

G aee abe;

Tafe c a ae abe e ce fc,

ae ed, ad cdeed a a acce.

11.

Fd e f e a?

A: 0 1 2

#cde

aeace d;

a()

f ( =0;


21/121

12.

Fd e f e a?

A: 0 1 2 4 5 7 8 9

A:

A Aeae Cae W Cae

Lea Seac O() O()

Ba Seac O( ) O( )

Te cd f ba eac a ae:

Te aa be ed.

Tee d be dec acce dde eee a b .

#cde

aeace d;

a()

f ( =0;


22/121

13.

Aeae Sccef eac e ae b ba eac ed aa f

10 eee ?

a)

2.6

b)

2.7

c)

2.8d)

2.9

A:

:

((1 *1) + (2*2) + (4*3) + (3*4)) /10

= 29/10

= 2.9

14.

Wc f e f e eed cd f ba eac

a?

a)

Te be ed.

b)

Tee d be dec acce dde eee a b .

c)

Tee be eca deee/e e .

d)

Ne f e Abe.

A:

15.

Wc e ecece ea f ba eac?

a)

T() = 2T(/2) +1

b)

T() = T(/2) +

c)

T() = 2T(/2) + d)

T() = T(/2) + 1

A:


23/121

A:

A W Cae Aeae Cae Be Cae

Ie S O(2) O(2) O()

Seec S O(2) O(2) O(2)

Mee S O() O() O()

Qc S O(2) O() O()

Hea S O() O() O()

C S O() O() O()

Bce S O() O() O()

Rad S O() O() O()

:

Ie S T() = T(1) + // W Cae

Seec S T() = T(1) +

Mee S T() = 2T(/2) +

Qc S T() = T() + T() +

W cae = 1, T() = T(1) + +1

Aeae cae = /2, T() = 2T(/2) +

Hea S T() = T(1) +

16.

Wc f e f ace a ee

be f a?

a)

Qc S

b)

Ie S

c)

Seec S

d)

Hea S


24/121

A:

17.

Te eda f eee ca be fd O() e, c e f e

f e ab e ce f c , c eda eeced a ?

a)

O()

b)

O( )

c)

O(2) d) O(3)

A:

18.

Wa e cae ce f ea aa eee?

a)

O( )

b)

O()

c) O( )

d)

O(2)

A:

19.

If e aa a ed c e be a?

a) Qc

b)

Mee

c)

Seec

d)

Ie

A:

20.

Wc a ae O(2) ce a cae:

a)

Ie

b)

Bbbe

c)

Seec

d) Hea


25/121


26/121

25.A ece c aaee a ecd e ae a

e cc e ed a e a ed ad be?

a)

Sabe

b)

Ce

c)

Eea

d) Lea

A:

26.

Te aded c ee f c ee a ad

eee eeced a . Wa e cae e ce f

be aded c?

a)

O()

b)

O( )

c)

O(2)

d)

O(!)

A:

27.

A ee eeed a a MaHea. Ia, a 5 eee.

Te ee de aea f e ea e be:

10,8,5,3,2

T e eee 1 ad 7 ae eed e ea a de. Te

ee de aea f e ea afe e e f abe eee :

a)

10,8,7,5,3,2,1

b)

10,8,7,2,3,1,5

c)

10,8,7,1,2,3,5

d)

10,8,7,3,2,1,5

A:


27/121

28.

Cde f C afae c , , ad ae ee

aabef ( =, =0; >0; /=2, +=)

Le Va() dee e ae ed aabe afe e ea f f

. Wc e f e f e?

a)

Va()=O( )

b)

Va()=O()

c)

Va()=O()

d)

Va()=O()

A:

.

) )

) )

: Sae Cae

A:

.

)

)

)

)

A:


28/121

. 6

) 61 ) 122 ) 132 ) 144

Caaa be af e ecece ea

Nbe f ba ee be de = C

F =6

C6= (1/7) * 12C6= 132.

32.Sac A a 4 ee ad Sac B e a. A e ed f e

ac A ca be ed edae ed ac B. A E ed f

e ac B ca be ed. I cd, e be f be

ea be?

a) 21 b) 12 c) 21 d) 14

:Caaa Nbe

A:

: C4 = (1/5) * 8C4= 14.


29/121

33.Sac A a e ee a, b, c, ( a ). Sac B e. A e

ed f ac A ca be ed edae ed ac B. A e

ed f ac B ca be ed. I aaee, c f e

f ea be?

a)

b c a

b)

c a b

c) b a c

d)

c b a

A:

34. Te P F f f e ee (A+B)*(C*DE)*F/G ?

a) AB+CD*E*F*G/ b) AB+CD*EFG/**

c) AB+CD*EF**G/ d) AB+CDE**F*G/

A:

: Sac

35. Wa e Pf f f f Pef ee: A/B*C^DE?(^ a e ecedece)?

a) ABCDE^*/ b) ABCDE^*/

c) ABC^ED*/ d) ABCDE*/^

A:

: Ee Tee

36.Te daa ce a be ed cec baaced aee effce

?

a) Sac b) Qee c) Tee d) Ga

A:


30/121

37.If a de a cde ae be eed f a ba ee, d

be eaced b ?

a)

Ide Pedeceb)

Pde Pedece

c)

Pede Scce

d)

Pde Scce

A:

38.If e ee a a d ade c a ee e

e c a e ae f eac?

a) O(1)

b) O()

c) O()

d)O()

A:

39.Te f f a ee ab*cf/**+ , a be ef?

a)

**+*ab/cf

b)

+*abc/**f

c)

+*ab**/cf

d)

+*ab*/cf*

:Ee ee.

A:


31/121

40. Te de ad ede f a ba ee ae:

Ide: D G C A E F H B

Pede: A D C G F E B H

Fd Pde?

a)

G D C E B H F A

b)

G C D E H B F A

c)

G D C H E F B A

d)

G C D H B E F A

A:

41. Te de ad de f a ba ee ae:

Ide: F G E A C H D I B

Pde: G F E A H I B D C

Fd Pede?

a)

C A F E G D B H I

b)

C A E F G B H I D

c)

C A E F G D H B I

d)

C A F E G B I H D

A:

42. A cee ba ee N eae ca

a)

N de

b)

L (2N) dec)

2N1 de

d) 2N+1 de

A:


32/121

43. Te e f a cee ba ee de :

a) (+1) 1

b)

()

c)

(1) +1

d)

() +1

A:

44. Te de ad ede aea f a ba ee ae:

Ide: D B E A F C G

Pede: A B D E C F G

Wa de?

a)

E D B G F C A

b)

E D B F G C A

c)

D E B F G C A

d)

D E F G B C A

A:

45. A ba eac ee ca e ae 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 & 8. Te ee

aeed e de ad ae ae ed . Wc f e f a ad

eece?

a)

5 3 1 2 4 7 8 6

b) 5 3 1 2 4 6 8 7

c)

5 3 2 4 1 6 7 8d)

5 3 1 2 4 7 6 8

A:


33/121

46. Wc daa ce be ed ae a a b bead f

eac?

a)

Sac

b)

Se

c)

L

d)

Qee

A:

47. A a fc f defed a f(e) = e d 7 , ea b, e

e e 37, 38, 72, 48, 98, 11 ad 56. Te ae 11 c de?

a)

3b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

A:

48. A a fc ad dbe ecd e b e a ace a ca

d be f ecd. Te bab a e ecd e f ecd e c

a)

(1)(2)(+2)(1)/1

b)

(1)(2)(+1)(1)/1

c)

(1)(2)(+2)(1)/

d)

(1)(2)(+1)(1)/

A:

:

Pbab a 1ecd cd /

Pbab a 2decd cd (1)/

.


34/121

Pbab a (1) ecd cd ((2)) /

F ecd e c e bab be (1)/

Te eed bab = (/)* (1/)*.(((2))/)*(1/)

O A

49. A a abe ca e a a f 10 ecd. Ce ee ae ecd

ca 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10. Te bab f a e ecd ca

2 a a fc e c b ea b :

a)

0.1

b)

0.6

c)

0.2

d)

0.5

A:

50. If e a fc e eade d, e ce e e

cc f e ae ace dded 40 ec ae a 41. T

cc :

a)

Me e be Fae

b)

Me e be Te

c)

I aa Fae

d)

Ne f e Abe

A:

INFIX TO POSTFIX , INFIX TO PREFIX, POSTFIX TO INFIX, PREFIX TO INFIX,POSTFIX TO PREFIX, PREFIX TO POSTFIX ALL THESE CONVERSIONS ARE

IMPORTANT REGARDING APTITUDE. CONSTRUCTING A TREE USING

(INORDER, POSTORDER) OR (INORDER, PREORDER) PAIRS ALSO IMPORTANT.

NOTE: WE CANNOT CONSTRUCT TREE USING (PREORDER, POSTORDER) PAIR.

INORDER SHOULD BE SPECIFIED.


35/121

51. Cde a e ae F I F (FIFO) ae eacee ed

3 Fae. Te Pae Seece : 3 2 1 0 3 2 4 3 2 1 0 4. H a ae

fa cc?

a)

8

b)

9

c)

7

d) 11

A:

52. Cde a e ae F I F (FIFO) ae eacee ed

4 Fae. Te Pae Seece : 3 2 1 0 3 2 4 3 2 1 0 4. H a ae

fa cc?

a)

6

b)

7

c) 10

d)

9

A:

53. Te eaca a be fe?

a)

N Cce ad N Deadc

b)

Ha a Cce ad Deadc

c)

Ha a Cce b Deadc

d)

Te cee ae afe e

A:


36/121

54. If e a Bae a e be eed cee, a

be e afe eece?

Pce Aca

A B C

` Ma

A B C

Aaabe

A B C

P0 0 1 0 7 5 3 3 3 2

P1 2 0 0 3 3 2

P2 3 0 2 9 0 2

P3 2 1 1 2 2 2

P4 0 0 2 4 3 3

a)

b)

c)

d)

A:

Cde e f cee:

Pce B e

P1 6 P2 8

P3 7

P4 3

55. Wa be aeae a e f e a FCFS ced?

A: 10.25

56. Wa be aeae a e f e a SJF ced?

A:7


37/121

Cde e f cee:

Pce Aa e B e

P1 0 8P2 1 4

P3 2 9

P4 3 5

57.Wa be aeae a e f e a eee SJF ced?

A:7.75

58. Wa be aeae a e f e a eee SJF ced?

A: 6.5

59.Wa be ad e f ce P4 f e a eee SJF?

A: 7

60.If e a e f a ce ad ee ae cee e

e, e e CPU a e b:

a)

/

b)

c)

1

d)

A:


38/121

61. Cde e f eee ced a baed

daca ca e. Lae be e .

We a ce a f e CPU ( e ead ee b ),

cae a a ae X ad e , cae a a ae Y.

A cee ae e a f 0 e e ee e ead ee. Te

aaee ad ca be e e a dffee ced a. Wa

e a a e f Y>X>0?

a)

LIFO

b)

FCFS

c)

Rd Rb

d)

Ne f e abe

A:

62. I c f e ae acee aee a a aced ae

aaabe e?

a) Be F

b)

F F

c)

W F

d)

Ne f e abe

A:

REGARDING APTITUDE QUESTIONS ON OOPS, PREPARE WELL THE CONCEPTS OF

CONSTRUCTORS, DESTRUCTORS, POLYMORPHISM AND INHERITENCE. MOST OF

THE QUESTIONS WILL BE BASED ON THESE CONCEPTS ONLY.


39/121

63.

: Ieace, Cc

A: F Bae: N Paaee

F Deed: N Paaee

#cde

aeace d;

ca Bae

bc:

Bae()

c


40/121

: Geea, e cc f e bae ca be eed

deed ca. Hee, e cea a deed bec e defa

cc f e bae ca be caed f.

64.O f e a?

A: F Bae: N Paaee

F Deed: I Paaee

#cde

aeace d;

ca Bae

bc:

Bae()

c


41/121

65.Wa e f e a?

A: F Bae: I Paaee

F Deed: I Paaee

:Hee e ae fc ce ae bae aaee

cc.

#cde

aeace d;

ca Bae

bc:

Bae()

c


42/121

66. O?

:Sac Vaabe ad Fc

A:Ce Te E

:O ac fc aabe ca be acceed ca ae.

Hee da a ac fc. Hece ce e e.

#cde

aeace d;

ca Ae

ac ;

bc:

ac d e_Daa( a)

=a;

d da()

c


43/121

67. O?

:Ieace

A: Ca Ae

#cde

aeace d;

ca Ae

bc:

d fc()

c


44/121

68. O?

: Va Fc, Ieace

A:Ca Ma

#cde

aeace d;

ca Ae

bc:

a d fc()

c


45/121

69. Wa e f e f a?

:Cc, Dec

A:Ae Re

#cde

aeace d;

ca Ae

bc:

Ae()

c


46/121

70.Wa e f e f a?

: Ieace, cc, dec

A:Bae OK Deed OK Bae DEL

#cde

aeace d;

ca Bae

bc:

Bae()

c


47/121

71.O?

:Ieace, Cc, Va Dec

A:Bae OK Deed OK Deed DEL Bae DEL

#cde

aeace d;

ca Bae

bc:

Bae()

c


48/121

72.Wa e f f a?

:Me eace

A:80 Be

:Sce D1 ad D2 b e f ca Bae, ce f ca

Bae ae ee ca Deed. T d f eace cae aae f ace

ad abe. T e f e a dabac f e eace. Te

eed f e f a bae cae.

#cde

aeace d;

ca Bae

a[10];

;

ca D1: bc Bae ;

ca D2: bc Bae ;

ca Deed: bc D1, bc D2 ;

a()

c


49/121

73.Fd e f e f a?

:Me Ieace

A:56 Be

:B a bae cae, e c f a[10] be ed

Deed ca. Adda 16 be ae f b ee fa ed b

e ce.

40 Be + 16 Be (B Kee) = 56 Be.

#cde

aeace d;

ca Bae

a[10];

;

ca D1: a bc Bae ;

ca D2: a bc Bae ;

ca Deed: bc D1, bc D2 ;

a()

c


50/121

74.Fd e f e a?

#cde

aeace d;

ca Ae

bc:

a d fc()

c


51/121

:Ieace, Va Fc

A:Me Fc

:ce a ebe fc decaed a a a fc a bae

ca, bece a ee ca deed f a bae ca. I ed, ecea e e ed a e deed ca e

deca edefed e f e a bae ca fc.

75.Fd e f e f a?

:Abac Ca

A:Ce Te E

#cde

aeace d;

ca Ae

bc:

a d ()=0;

;

ca Ma: bc Ae

=30;

bc:

Da() =30; c


52/121

: We ca ceae bec f abac cae. P a abac ca a

a a e a ed. Ca Q a bece abac becae deed

f P ad de ee ().

76.Fd e f e f a?

#cde

aeace d;

ca Ae

d;

ac c;

bc:

Ae()

c++;

d =c;

c


53/121

: Cc, Dec

A:

ID 1 Cc Caed

ID 2 Cc Caed

ID 2 Dec Caed

ID 1 Dec Caed

:Obec ae aa deed eee de f e cea. Te

ea f eee de , a bec ceaed ae a e e e ceaed

bec.


54/121


55/121

3. H e b f a be (f LSB)?

A: be= be (1


56/121

4.H ee b f a be (f LSB)?

A: be= be & ( (1=1;

e c;


57/121

7. Ge a fc a ee ad dd b a ee?

A:

A:

F, e e a b a dd b b d AND ea

055555555

Te, e a b a ee b d AND ea

0aaaaaaaa

N f e b 1 ad d OR ea e e e eed

e b aed.

ed eee_b (ed )

ed _f_b = ef() * 8;

ed eee=0;

e;

f( =0;


58/121

*8. Dffee a f Sa ee?

A: Tee ae dffee a a 2 be.

U ea aabe

W ea aabe

Se e

ed a_b ( ed )

ed e;

=0aaaaaaaa;

=055555555;

e= (( & )>>1) (( & )


59/121

9. Wa a e fc?

A: B e ed, e ae a ce e ecee bd f e fc ee ace a e fc caed. I ed

ee e e eead fc ca. I ca ed f fc

a eece e fee.

Sa Tea Vaabe

d a ( & , & )

= +;

= ;

= ;

Sa Se Le

d a ( & , & )

^=^=^=;

d a ( & , & )

= + (=);


60/121

10.Wa ae e adaae f e fc e ac?

A:

Mac ae ee ea b, a e eded de

effec. Mac ca cec ee e ae ae e fed e

fc ca a d.

Mac ae dae becae ee ae ded.

11.Wa e fcace f ae ed?

A:

:ae a e eea ad aee a

e bec becae e ae f e bec be caed b ea

deecabe b a eea.

1 :e ae ed eded ee e ce f

a a a e cde a ae ae f aabe ca

cae " e ."

2 :Te ae ed a e afe ed decae a a bec

ca be dfed e a b e c a e ea e, eadae, a cce eec ead.

Oed Cde

ac ;

d fc()

=0;

e(e);

U Vae & Pee Oa

ae ac ;

d fc()

=0;e(!=100);

Na Cde

ac ;

d fc()

=0;

e(!=100);


61/121

*12.Ge cde f 2D a aca ad deaca e?

A:

13.Wa ae Sae cae? Ea bef

A:

A ae ca defe e ce (b) ad fe e f aabe a C++

a. Tee a e 4 e f ae ca aabe C++

Aac

Sac

Ree

Ee

c >> >> c;

// Aca

** a = e *[];

f( =0;


62/121

A:

Vaabe defed e fc bd ae caed aac aabe. a

e ed ed decae aac aabe. Obec ad aabe defed

a bc ae b defa a ae e ee ecfed e

ee ac ed. Aac bec ad aabe e e

ed f e bc c e ae decaed.

Aac bec ad aabe e Sac Me

:

Te ac ae ca c e ce ee a ca aabe eece

d e fee f e a ead f cea ad de eac e

ce ad e f ce. Teefe, a ca aabe ac

a e aa e ae beee fc ca.

Sac bec ad aabe e Daa See

Gba aabe ae c ac.

:

Te ee ae ca ed defe ca aabe a d be ed

a ee ead f RAM. T ea a e aabe a a a e ea

e ee e. e ee d be ed f aabe a ee

c acce c a ce.Te ce de e ee f

ee aabe; ead, ae ee cce e ba

a ae .

:

Te ee ae ca ed e a efeece f a ba aabe a

be a e a fe. We e 'ee' e aabe ca be

aed a a de e aabe ae a a ae ca a a

bee e defed. We ae e fe ad defe a baaabe fc c be ed e fe a, e ee be ed

ae fe e efeece f defed aabe fc.


63/121

14.Ea ca e e a f e f cde?

#cde

aeace d;

ba;

ca Sde

;

ae;

;

Sde ;

a()

ac ;

Sde ;

.ae=B;

.=29;

Sde* = e Sde;

>ae=Mad;

>=34;

>ae= Jda;

>=39;e 0;


64/121

Lca Vaabe Sac Me

Sac ad Gba Vaabe Daa See

Dac Me Aca Hea Me

15.Ea bef d e?

A:

A d e ca a daa e.

=10;

ce c= K;

dbe =3.142;

d* ;

= &;

= &c;

= &;


65/121

We ae aed deefeece a d e e ca

becae de a be a ebace ad e e

ae. We ee eca ae a aaee deee a

be e ae ebace.

d e ae ed ee eec fc.

dbe =3.142;

d* ;

= &;

dbe d;

d = *; // E, e ca defeece a d e dec.

d = * (dbe*) ; // Vad a. d e e ae f

Geec Sa Fc

d a (d* 1, d* 2, e)

ca bffe[e];

ec (bffe, 1, e);

ec (1, 2, e);

ec (2, bffe, e);

=10, =20;

a(&, &, ef());

dbe d=3.14, e=1.73;

a(&d, &e, ef(dbe));


66/121

16.Ea bef fc e?

A:

A fc e a aabe a e e adde f a fc a ca ae

be caed a fc e.

:

d (*f)()

f a e a fc a a ee ae ad e d.

d* (*f)(*)

f a fc e a e a ee a ae ad e d

e.

:

#cde

aeace d;

d da ( )

c


67/121

A:

Fc e ca be ed f cde b d a e a

eec a fc eece baed e ae.

#cde

aeace d;

add ( , )

e +;

bac ( , )

e ;

ea ( , , (*f)(, ) )

e (*f)(,);

a()

a, b;

a = ea ( 3, 6, add);

b= ea (a, 2, bac);

c


68/121

17.Ge cde a 2D a eca a ?

1 2 3

I 4 5 6

7 8 9

O 1 2 3 6 9 8 7 4 5

A: A

Te dea ea e a a a ee f ae, ae ad

b ef ae.

T e a a e ca ee ae f ee a, e

eeed a ad ece ca e e ef e a.

Te ec eae e e d' ae a e ae .

#cde

aeace d;

#defe ROW 50

#defe COL 50

d b_ef ( a[][COL], , , , );

d _ ( a[][COL], 1, 1, 2, 2)

f( =1;


69/121


70/121

*18.Ea e e Le Eda ad B Eda?

A: Le ad b eda ae a f be daae.

"Le Eda" ea a e de be f e be ed e

a e e adde, ad e de be a e e adde.

"B Eda" ea a e de be f e be ed e

a e e adde, ad e de be a e e adde.

Ie baed ce ae Le Eda.Ma ad S ce ae B

Eda.

:090AB12CD

Le Eda B Eda

19.Ge cde deee ee a e e eda b eda?

A: a()

ed =1;

ca* c = (ca*) &;

f(*c)

c


71/121

20.Ge cde ce f e Eda ae.

A:

ce( )

be0, be1, be2, be3;

be0 = ( & 000000FF) >> 0 ;

be1 = ( & 0000FF00) >> 8 ;

be2 = ( & 00FF0000) >> 16 ;

be3 = ( & FF000000) >> 24 ;

e((be0


72/121

*21. Ree a Led L ??

A:

Te Ce = O()

Sace Ce = O(1)

d eee ( de* eade)

de *ef,*dde,*;

ef=eade;

dde=eade>;

=dde>;

ef>=NULL;

e(dde>!=NULL)

dde>=ef;

ef=dde;

dde=;

=>;

dde>=ef;

eade=dde;


73/121

*22.Fd a L Led L ?

A:

Tee ae e e ae ef

F, e ae cec f e eece f e ad e e ae fd e

a f e .

A f cec eece f L

AceTe Aa

We a a e be f e ed e.

Te f e ceeed eac de f e . Te ecd

e e ce a fa, ad ee e de.

If e ed ca a , ee e eea ee a

e ae de, dca a e ed ca a .

Deec e a f L

Oce a a bee deeced , e e f e e e be

(ead) f e ed . Te ecd e ea ee a.

Icee b e e de a a e. Te de a c e

e ee be e a de f e !

Te Ce O()

Sace Ce O(1)

*23.Fd ee f ed ?

A: T ca be ed a a. Te e ad effce a

c e be f de b e ed , cacae e dffeece d

beee e e, aee e be f e f de d de

a f ee ad b e ae ea f de.e e ca

aee b e aae e ce ac a c de. (Ne a

e a c de de b ca e adde f e de b

e daa).


74/121

If b e ae ae be f de a ce ca d e

ae, e be a a f:

Taee e f ed (c e eee) ad ae a cca ed

. (Reebe a de a e ca bea e cce ae ). N e e be a fd e e ecd ed . S e

be ed.

Sce e aead e e f e (e f f ed ) e ca

aee e a be f de ecd , ad e a ae

e f e be f ecd . e ae aee e ae

ea, ad a e eed eec .

Ree e cce f e ed .

Te Ce O()

Sace Ce O(1)

24.Dee a de f a ed ?

A:

A

Tae e, e eade ad e a de f e

eade.

Me e b e aae e ecd e bece NULL.

Mae e f f e NULL ad fee e e.

*25. Fd e dde de f a ed ?

A

Tae e, fa e ad e b

eade a.

Me e fa e ce e eed f e.

Weee e fa e eace e ed, e e

dde de.


75/121

26.Fd e e f e ed ec?

A:

de* dde ( de* eade)

de *f, *;

f=eade;

=eade;

e (f!=NULL && f> !=NULL)

= > ;

f = f > > ;

e ;

e ( de* eade)

f( eade ==NULL)

e 0;

ee

e (1+e(eade > ));


76/121

27. Iee ac aa?

A:

Weee ae aed ee a daa ce, aa ee

Obec Oeed Aac.

#defe MAX 1000

ca Sac

ae:

a[MAX];

;

bc:

d ();

();

b E();

b F();

Sac();

;

Sac::Sac()

=0;


77/121

b Sac::E()

f(==0)

e e;

ee

e fae;

b Sac::F()

f(==MAX)

e e;

ee

e fae;

d Sac::( )

f(!F())

a[]=;

c


78/121

28.Ge a a cec ee e aee ae aced ?

A:

A

Read caace e b e.

Ie a a a bace f e d.

P a ef bace a ac.

F ee bace, ae e a ef bace f e ac d

e ac ad ff;

Tee d f e ca cc c e a aee ae aced:

Y eac e ed f e ad ee ae bace e ac.

Y fd a bace e , b e ef e e f e ac

de ac (.e., e ae d).

Y ac a bace a ef e f e ac, b e

ac e.

Sac::()

f(!E())

;

c


79/121

29.Iee Qee aa?

30.Iee Qee ac?

A:

Idea:

J ac bac bac.

I e ac ee ea.

I ae ac ee ea.

31.Iee Cca Qee?

32.Wa ae e adaae f Cca Qee?

*33. Ge a fd Lea C Ace f a ba ee?

*34. Lee de aea f a BST?

35.ZZa aea f a BST?

36. He f a ba eac ee?

37.A fd a ee a eed a?

38.Aca f Sa Tee?

39.H fd e a beee de a eed a?

*40. Ge cde ee Qc ?

*41. Ge cde ee Mee ?

*42. Tee a ae fe f e 2MB ad ae a RAM f 256KB. H

a fe? (Eea S)

43.Aca f a?

44. Adaae f a?

45. Pbe a?

46.C e ece?

47. Wa ce?


80/121

Te ece ed f de ad acce eee a a

eae ca a f e b aa e e def ca

e .

Cde e cae f a Dca:

:

Wd a e a addee e def.

Tee ae aae 700 d E.

B e e def f e cde eac ad ee ea f

e ee, ce e e d E dca a 45 ee, e

ee a aa f e 2645c be. T ed e e

f a abe.

:

Le : Nbe f e (d) be ed.

Le N: Nbe f bce aaabe.

N d be a b ae e .

A a abe a e e f be e N bce b a a

ce fc eac a cde.

F eae:

Ha Fc:

afc (e) = acde.

Ce Fc:

(acde) = acde % N

:Seea e a ae bce, .e.

If (acde1) = (acde2).

T ade e c e e ca.

: Eac bce efeece a ed f ee, caed a ca.


81/121

:

, .

(, )

Ce e e acde.

Ce deee e bce.

If c cc, e e e bce ca.

()

Ha e e. Seac ca f a e ecfed e

If fd e ; ee .

()

Ha e e.

Seac ca.

Ree f ca f fded.

Re e ae .

Lad Fac = /N

If ad fac a , ad a cde ad ce fc ae

d ad dcae e, e e ca ae , ad eac

ea ae O (1) e.

If e ad fac e b .e.( >>N ), ae O() e.

B :

S ASCII ae f caace

Rae eceed 500. Bced 500 bce.

Aaa e a, a, a cde


82/121

I de ae e d a fc, a cea

1.

Ge ace f e caace T ca be aceed b

a a bae.

2.

Me c Ue e d.

:

acde( e)

f( =0;


83/121

Be Cce M e. Te d f b a e be

deed a b f , e b b.

: I ad e e f d, ce ee

d a e a ee ca. Te a fc a

f:() = (M/W) ( 2d W)

Wee e ce M= 2f e > 1.

W= Wd e f e ce, e a 2

Teefe, de e e (2d W) b M/W e f

e b b. I effec e ae eac b f e dde

f e ae f e e, ece e ae f e ed.

I de a e b e e ee aed e ae ebabe. I

a a e caacec a cae cece e ce.

B a dde ae ed cde a be f b e dde

f 2, e c ae a ae be f ead e cde .e.

eac e < 2()/2 ae () = 0.

: A e e aa e ddeae

ed a aeae deficece ca a. Iead f

e e b ef, e e e b a caef ce

ca a, ad e eac e dde b f e e. I cae,

e a fc

() = (M/W) ( a d W)

Cce f a : T ad e be a e dde ae ed

eceed e e a a ae be f ead ada e, ce a a a a ee ead a ee.

If e ce a a a eae e W, e ee e

ae be a c a aa=1 d W. a e ee f

a d W. Sc a be a a ce e a f e ae a e ,


84/121

ad b a e a, e ca ece e a e b

e dc aa b a, ce aa = aa = 1.

Tee ae a be ca e abe eed

deed e. Oe b c ed f 32b aec:

a = 2654435769W = 232

a = 340573321

Te ba eeea f a

10011110001101110111100110111001, c a ee a

ead a a ee.

: I eac e ca a ed a

e eca ae f a. Te ae e ce ce eaed e

be caed e de a .

(1+(5)) /2.

Te ca a ce a e ee eae e W ad ce

W/.

I e e f e de a a eac bee a aedde e ea c fa accd e de a.

Te f abe e abe ae f a f a d e.


85/121

:

Te be f ad e c eee e be caee

de a d a fc. A d a fc e c b

ead e eee f e aa.

: A e aac e c e e

cd eee e e aaabe ace. T ece a

ea b. = ( aae + ) % M

ee =0, 1, 2, 3, 4 . M1

Te e be ea b e a a caed

ce.

: Te edec f eee bece ee dbed

e a abe, a eee ce ad a e a

ca.

A d a fc dce a f db f dee

e aa de ae. Ia, ecd ae eed

e aa, c eac bce be ea e be fed.

Oe e, afe a be f c ae bee eed, e db

f ecd e aa bece e ad e f. Te ecd ed


86/121

ce ee, a e e be cee f a e a

ca.

Cde e f a abe. O a ecd e e

dce e a ae 7 d be eed aa[7].

Hee a ecd e a dce a ae 2,

3, 4, 5, 6 d be eed aa[6]. Ta , aa[6]

fe e a e a aa[7] be fed.

Ce e ce effcec f e adeea ea.

: A aeae ea b a addee

a ce be adac b.

= (aa + 2 ) % P

Te adac b eae e a ce be f ea

b becae ead f d ea eac d adac eac.

Te adac b a a e abee e ad ee ae

fee a =P/2 eee e abe, .e. ad fac < 0.5

: We adac b de deed eae e

a ce be, ace a ec e be f e


87/121

a ca be e abe. Dbe Ha e ae ed f

eea a b eece. I ee 2 dc a fc.

: e > [0, M1].

: e > [0, M1].

Te b eece e ced a f

() = ( () + () ) % M

If () = 1, e e b eece f e e ae a ea

b. Dbe a edce e ccece f a ce ce

de a ea eac f () ae e ae 1. Hee, f

dbe a a a, e e f abe, M, be a e be.

:

:

If ad fac /N ae, e e O (1) e.

Eae a abe e ad fac > c. Te ae f c ca

0.75.

Acae e e aa (a ea ce a ae).

Wa e d aa, ea ee e e aa.

S e a abe e /N < 0.25 fee e.


88/121

A:

Ha abe ae e fae daa ae ce.

If e ad a d a fc, bac ea e e, dee

ad eac be ae ace ca e .e. O(1).

T ae e a ece f a c a ce a,

ae a a a, eac e daa. Ha abe ae ca

ed e cece ad a b abe ce aae

ce, ee a a cec ad f d b

a fac f ecd.

:

Te a be a de d a fc.

Ha abe d a d f deed aea acce e

a e.

Ha abe ee adda e, eeca f e adde.

Te a f daa be ed be fa accae

adace, becae a aa ed a e de ce.

*48.Ge a ae fe, d fd e feec f a e d?

49.Ge cde ce Ba Seac Tee Dbe Led L?

50.Ge cde ce Dbe Led L Ba Seac Tee?

51. If a aa ca 1, 2 ad 3, c e a ce?

A: C S.

*52. Iee a e Qc ace?


89/121

A a e a f e ef de ad ad e

, def eac e a e a d e ef a e ee a eaf de eaced. If a a ae, e eac cee

ad cce eed. If e eaf de de eee a a ae, eac

bacac e e e de a a a eed a. T ce

ce ee a e de ae bee eaed a a ae a

bee eaced.

Eae:

Te eac a de J, c e a de. A a e de F,K,L ae

ee eaed.

De f eac e cca bacac. I a eae f be fce

eac eae eac. I fe ed b ce f eac be

c a ca fe d b eac ee f de e ee.

Te DFS ca be: I Paca, f a bac f e eac ee

eee ae ee fe e e eac a e a

dae a f e ea a bac, c ee ead a a

ae.


90/121

Te BFS aac e ae a ee b bead ae a

b de. Te a a b ea e a de e ee d f

e de. If a a ae eaced, cce eed. Oee, e

eac ce b ead a f a e de e ce ee d

e e ee.

BFS fa bee ed e a ee e ee a ae e deea, ad aca ee e a de a ae a f e ee.

BFS de ef e ee e bac fac f e ee eee

, c a e ea e ae ee f e ae e Ce. BFS

dea ee ee a a ead a a de.

DFS a e ee ad a BFS ad

a ee e e ae becae eed e fa

ab e a ce e, eea BFS eed e fa

ab e a a a eac e ce de. T e f e a ea

a DFS ed de e eeda ce be.


91/121

Te be f fe a ca be aded DFS b a a de

ed. T ea a e a be cdeed ae eaed e

e eac a ecfed de.

*53.Iee Bead F Seac?

54.Iee De F Seac?

55.Cae BFS ad DFS?

*56.Ea e cce f abac, ecaa , eace ad

ea fe eae?

A:

Abac eca f ee e eea dea

cde e bacd dea. I Seece Iace. Tee ae 3

ee f abac:

Pca Lee Abac

Ccea/Lca Lee Abac

Ve Lee Abac


92/121

:

Ecaa e eca a bd ee cde ad e daa

aae, ad ee b afe f de efeece ad e.

: Se f ed a ee ef e a.

A de ecaaed f eea dde ad ca be acceed

a dceed eface.

Daa ca ad e eface.

W ecaa?

Te eea deede f e fca. W eface

dcea ca ee a e e.

Pee e f c a de ea daa. Redcedeb e.

ADT ca aaee e aa ae eeed.

Tea . Oce e ae defed eface, eac ae ca

deede ee a de.

Dcea ad aaab.


93/121

A eface a cac beee de e ecf e

ccae.

:

Ieace e ce f a e feae f e ca ae

ca.

Tee ae 5 e f eace:

Se Lee Ieace

M Lee Ieace

Heacca Ieace

Me Ieace

Hbd Ieace

Se Lee Heacca

M Lee Hbd


94/121

Me Ieace

C++ Me ad Hbd Ieace e JAVA d.

:

P ce f eee e f a f.

I C++ ee ae e f :

Ce e ad

Re

Ce e aceed Teae Cae ad e

aceed Va Fc

T f ea fe eae f ee OOPS cce.

57. Wa ae e dffce e face e eace ad

ece e?

A:

Tee ae 3 dffce e face e eace:

Sc Cfc

Dcae e

Cc Cfc


95/121


96/121

60.Wa a abac ca?

A:

A abac ca e c ee a decaa b def f a

ebe fc. A ca a ca a ea e e a fc cdeed a abac ca. Cae deed f e abac ca

ee e e a fc e, , ae abac cae. Y ca

ceae a bec f a abac ca e; ee, ca e e ad

efeece abac ca e.

A :

A e abac ca a abac ebe fc ad daa ccee

ebe fc. I eea, a e abac ca ed defe a eface

ad eded be eed b ccee cae.

ca Abac

,;

bc:

a ea_e(); // Va Fc

a ea_() = 0; // Pe Va Fc

;

ca Pe_Abac

bc:

a d ea() = 0;

a aae() = 0;


97/121

61.Ca e ae a ae cc?

A:Ye. Pae cc ea a e ca dec aae a ca.

We ca ceae ad e ace f e ca ac ca fc.

A:

Oe c e e e ae ee a e

ace f e ca e. I a cae, ca de a ac ed

c de e aa f e bec. T a e be f bec

aaed f a aca ca ca be ced.

T ee eace f ca, ce deed cae ' be abe

acce ca' cc.

62. Ca e ae a ae dec?

A:

Ye. Weee e a c dec f bec f a ca, e ae e

dec ae. e a ca a ae dec, dac bec f

a ca ca be ceaed.

A:

F a ace, a f ae a bec a a a aae ( ef) a a

de a dece de deed e cd e

a, c a a daabae cec be e a fe be e. Y

cd ae a "ee_deee" ed e ca e aae a cec

a cd ad ee deee dece , ad e a a e a

dd.

:

F cde a ceae ca ae dec ad ae a fc a fed

f e ca. Te fc ca deee e bec.


98/121

63. Ea bef Naed Cc Id ?

A:

I a ece a de e e ad afe cc ea f

e f a ca. Te be a cc aa ae e ae ae a

e ca. Teefe e a dffeeae beee e a

cc f a ca b e aaee . B f ee ae fcc, e dffeece beee e bece ea be ad e

e. W e Naed Cc Id, decae a e ca' cc

e ae eced ec, ad de bc ac ed a

e a bec. Tee ac ed ae e caed "Naed Cc."

ca Ae

ae:

Ae() ;

fed d dec_ae (Ae* );

;

d dec_ae (Ae* )

deee ;

a()

Ae* = e Ae;

dec_ae ();

e 0;


99/121

#cde

#cde

aeace d;

ca P

ae:

fa a, b;

P (fa , fa ); // Pae Cc

bc:

ac P ecaa ( fa , fa ); // Naed Cc

ac P a ( fa , fa ea); // Naed Cc

e P::P ( fa , fa ) : a() , b()

e P P::ecaa ( fa , fa )

e P (, );

e P P::a ( fa , fa ea)

e P ( ad * c (ea) , ad * (ea);

a()

P = P::ecaa ( 2.3 , 3.14);

P = P::a (2.3 , 3.14);

e 0;


100/121

64.Ca e ae a a cc?

A:

N.

:

Te bec e afe e cc ed.I de f e cc be

daced e a abe , ee a be a e bec a

e e a abe , b ca a e e a abe e f e

bec de' e?

:

Y e e a ed e a decae a ea c

bea. B ee c cc , cc b

C++ a bec daa e e . Sce a abe ae a

ab c bea ae c daa , Tee ee

deca a a cc.

65.Ca e ae a a dec ?

A:

Ye.

Va dec ed ee e ea.

We ae ae e dec a eee ca c fee

e e ace ae b dac bec ceaed deed cae.

66.Iee Se ca?

A:

Se ca a ceae e ace f e ca. I

eeed ae cc ad ac ed.


101/121

ca Se

ae:

, ;

Se() . ;

ac Se* ae;

bc:

ac Se* e_ace();

;

Se* Se:: ae =NULL;

Se* Se::e_ace()

f (ae==NULL)

ae = e Se;

e ae;

a()

Se* ae;

ae = Se::e_ace();

e 0;


102/121

A :

Y ca e e e ae eee ae ae e dece

(e.. a DB cec, a ea a fe acce) a e

ace f a ca.

Cde a ca a ae Acc bec a ba aca.

Ob a ae e a ee e ace f a

Acc bec e e a eee a e acc. B a

e ca a Se, ad e a e ace ee Acc

bec ae ade, ca ee a ee ae ( e) Acc

bec fa ee a eee e ae acc.

Leae e f dec f fd dffc.

:

Cde fc e_ace() abe:

Se* Se::e_ace()

f ( ae == NULL)

ae = e Se;

e ae;

Oe ead cd ee e fc, e a e e f ad e be

eded. A ecd ead cd e a ad e a e e. F a

, b ead a e ceae e c f e ebec, e f c e ed.

T ece e e Dbe Ceced Lc Oa ad

e bae.


103/121

ca Se

ae:

ac ae Se* ae ae;

Se() .;

bc:

ac ae Se* ae e_ace();

;

ae Se* ae Se::ae = NULL;

ae Se* ae Se:: e_ace()

. // Ie a Me Bae Hee

f ( ae ==NULL)

ead_e_c (&e);

f ( ae == NULL)

ae Se* ae e = e ae Se;

// Ie a Me Bae Hee

ae = e;

ead_e_c (&e);

e ae;

// Refeece : C++ ad e Pe f DbeCeced Lc

b

Sc Mee ad Ade Aeadec


104/121

67. Ea ee ece ad C++?

68.Ca e ae () bc cac() bc? (A: Ye)

69.Ea e cce f fed fc ad fed cae?

70. Ge e e f a cae?

e:

ef (Ae) = ?

ef (Ma) = ?

71. Wa a ee?

72.Ea e cce f ead ad ead?

73.Dffeece beee a ad eea?

74. Wa a eae?

75.Wa a e?

76.Dffeece beee eae ad e?

ca Ae

;

bc:

a d fc();

;

ca Ma : bc Ae

;

bc:

a d fc();

;


105/121

77.Wa cca ec be?

78.Wa a ae fa?

79.Ea a?

80.Wa eea fa?

81.Wa dead a?

82.Ea Bead Aa?

83.Ea LRU a?

84.Ge f dcece be eae?

85.Ree D e be eae?

86.Ea Pce Sced a?

87.Wa deadc?

88.H deec a deadc?

89.H ee a deadc?

90.Ge a e e de a a be deeed. H deee?

(Lc: C ce f e de e ee de ad deee e e

de.)

A

1. Iee c fc ?

2.Iee caefc?

3.Iee eea fc?

4.Iee a fc?

5.We a fc cec ee a e ade ?


106/121

6.H fd ae eee a aa ?

A:

Eeced e ce = O ()

Sace ce = O (1)

:We ca d ea a, b ef ee_() ad eaf()

ea e. Te ce be O ( ) f . We ae ce

a e ba f e ae f

d c_eec ( A[] , , , )

// a de, ed de, a e a fd

f ( =)

e A[];

= ad_a ( A, , );

// e e ad_a ae a a c

a ad eee c e e de f e

eeced afe a.

= +1;

f ( =)

e A[];

f ( < )

e c_eec ( A, , 1, );

ee

e c_eec( A, +1, , );


107/121

7.Ge e cde f Ma b aa be?

A:

Te a baa be e a f fd e c baa

a edea aa f be (ca a ea e e

be) c a e ae .

F eae, f e eece f ae

2, 1, 3, 4, 1, 2, 1, 5, 4

e c baa e ae 4, 1, 2, 1, 6.

B A: Kadae A

:

Te Kadae a e 0 f a e ee e aa ae eae

be.

T e d f e be, e ae ef a cec ee a

eee ae e be. If e cae e fd e be e aa ad e de a a ad ed .

Te ce = O()

Sace Ce = O (1)

Te C++ eea f Kadae a e be, c ae a

aa ad e e ae f a , a ad ed de f e

a aa c e a .


108/121

d a__b_aa ( a[], e, * a, * ed, * a_)

a___fa = 214782;

ce_ =0;

=0, =0, =0;

f ( =0; < e , ++)

ce_ + = a [];

f ( ce_ > a___fa)

a___fa = ce_;

= ;

b = ;

f ( ce_ < 0)

ce_ = 0;

= +1;

*a = ;

*ed =b;

* a_ = a___fa;


109/121

8.Ge a aa f be f 1 N(b ce). Te e f e aa

N. Te be ae ad added e aa, b ee e ad e

(a be 0) e aa. Wa e ce a fd a a e a

e be a d be e ?

A:

Ieae e aa ad ce e f a be. N,

f aa be f 1 N, ca be eeed a N(N+1)/2. I

cae N=100.

Sbac e f e aa f N(N+1)/2, ee N=100. Ta e

be.

Te e ca be deeced d e ea c e

ced.Te Ce = O ()

B a ee a cace f e f f N e ae.

B A:

XOR a e eee f e aa, a P

XOR a e be f 1 , a Q

XOR P ad Q e e be.

Te Ce = O()

_be( a[] , )

= a[0], = 1;

f ( =1;


110/121

9. Ge a aa f e N c e ee f 1 N. I aa e

be a dcae, a ea e . H ca e fd dcae ad

?

A:

Sce e eee , e eee be eeaed ce e

aa.

Le be e ad be e eeaed eee

Cacae e f a e eee ad f ae f a e

eee f aa.

Le P = S f a e eee e aa

Q = S f ae f a e eee e aa

A = S f f N aa be = N* (N+1) /2

B = S f ae f f N aa be = N*(N+1)*(2N+1) / 6

Cde e 2 ea

P = A +

Q = B 2

+ 2

Sf e e

= A P

+ = (B Q) / (A P)

S ee ea e e e ae f a .

Te Ce = O(N)

Sace Ce = O(1)

Te be aac ef. If e ae f N e ae

a a be effce.

F ae ae f N e ae ae e f XOR ea.


111/121

A:

Le ad be e deed eee.

Cacae XOR f a e aa eee.

_ = a[0] ^ a[1] ^ a[2] ..... a[1]

XOR e e a be f 1

_ = _^ 1 ^ 2 ^ .....^

I e e _, a eee d f eac e ece ad .

A e b a ae e _ be e ee .

N, e ae a e b ad dde e eee f e aa ad be f

1 N e e e f eee ae b e ad e e ae

b e.

B d , e e e e ad ae e.

N f e d XOR f a e eee f e, e e , ad b d ae

e e e e

Te Ce = O (N)

Sace Ce = O (1)

T ed de cae ef, b de e c e dcae ad

c e .

We ca add e e e a cec c e ad c e

eea.

T ca be ea de O() e


112/121

d _dcae ( a[], , * , * )

_, e_b_;

* =0 , * =0;

_ = a[0];

f ( =0; < ; ++)

_ ^= a[];

f ( =1,


113/121

10. Ge a be, fd e e e be e d e e

be. F eae f e e be 2345, e e be ae

d 2354.

11.H ce ee a e be e f 2 ?

A:

If & (1) == 0 , e a e f 2, ee

B f 0. T cde e cae

If && ! ( & (1)) e a e f 2 , ee

12.H e ba eeea f a e ee?

13.Ce a e e aaaaeeccc a4e2c3 e ae

a a e a ca ffce ace eee ?

( Te c cae be abbcdd_ _ > a1b2c1d2)

14.Ce a e e a4e2c3_ _ _ aaaaeeccc e ae

a a e a ca ffce ace eee

? ( Te c cae be a1b2c1 abbc_ _)

d ba ( ed )

f ( >1)

ba(/2);

c


114/121

15.We a fc fd C?

16.We a fc fd GCD f be?

17. We a fc fd e be ?

18.Ge cde ee N ee be?

19.Ge a a cacae a O() ?

20.Ge ed cde/a fd ae f a +e ea be? ( Bec

ed Ne Ra Med)

21.H cacae fbacc be O()? ( Ma Eea)

22. We cde ee ed aa:

1: Aa A[] ad aa B[] aa C f e +.

2: Mee Aa A[] Aa B[+] ee B a a

eee ee ed de ad a ace f eee.

23.Ge a fd e eda f ed aa?

24.Ge cde ea f a ?

d ee ( _fa, e)

f ( e == )

c


115/121

25.Ge cde be f a ?

26. Ge cde fd aaa f a ?

27.Ge cde da d ad feec a fe?

A: We ca d 2 a. U Sadad Teae Lbae (STL)

Ha.

d be( _fa, e)

f(e=="")

c


116/121

:

#cde < ea>

#cde

#cde

aeace d;

a()

a ce;

;

e (c >> )

++ce[];

a::c_ea e;

f(e=ce.be(); e!=ce.ed(); e++)

c f


117/121

28.Wa dac a? Se Kaac be dac

a aac?

A:

Te f e ae e e . ( Oa )

1.Se e f ecece ea:

T() = T() + O( )

2.Se e f ecece ea:

T() = T() + 108

3.A e de e de ad e dde f a fed. Ee

ecd e ae a e ad a f e ecfed 8 dec ( E ,W, N, S,

NE, NW , SE, SW). Oe e ced 1 fee. If e de dd f ecd e a a e e dace f e de f e a

? N, f e de efed a baed ad a c e

bab f dec ae f. Tae e babe a

ad cacae e ae.

Tee be f e ead a. T be

efec caca e cee ad ace cee.

Lea a e f a e

Dde ad Ce

Geed A

Dac Pa

Sccee Aa A

Raded A


118/121

4.Fd e f e f a?

5.Wa ae f e ae f be f c e ?

Dee e e ce f ad ?

#cde < ea >

aeace d;

c fac

;

de;

;

a()

fac ;

. = 22;

.de = 7;

((fac*) &.de) > = 12;

((fac*) &.de) > de = 33;

c


119/121

6. :

Pa edce efe d 1ea f fe.

Te ee aa.

Pa e fee.

We a fc e be f a ee a aca ea ?

(Te bae cae ae f =0, a=0 ad f =1, a=1). Ge e e

ce f a/fc.

7. : (5)

Ta be f b= (Fed e e).

Eac f. eeae 1 ad (e f.) e ea.

Ece 1ea Pf, dce 0.

N Reee.

Pf Le Fee.

We a fc e be f ea ae cee a b? (Tae

f()=#f d ea . Tae f(0)=0, f(1)=1).

8.Ge e f (, f() ) ae, ce e fa ad f a ce e

. Tae e f e e f c e a cacae f() ad

e . (Beae f e f) ( Be f e Lea ee abe 0.85)

9.Ge e cc a efec a fc ad de ea

a fc?

10.Ge a fd a a e a eae ad ee

e ad e e ce?


120/121

11. B : (10)

Ge bc f e 1.

Te bc ca be aced a e fe. Le Defe = A b c bc ed bed e abe.

We a fc e f e be f cce beee 1 .

: Te cee f a f e bc e e

(+1) bc ad cde abe= +1 bc f c +1=0.

12. :

Tee ae N b ad N . Eac b a aed f a e

ad ce ea. Tae e a f eee ad fd e efec ac

a e ce.


121/121

13. De a cca e ce f 1 ad cae

ba ee , 2D aa ad bef e e cea daee,

c e, #ce eed ad ce.

14. Cc a c efeece abe, d ad feece ad e

e be. Te de d be e decea de f e feece ad

e d ae feece d be ea

:

Be cfde. Weee ae decb a ae e a

e a e cce e . Aa cde e ad acecee e a a.

A B

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