PKC and Memory

PKC and Memory

Manhasset Science Research

Paris Thatos

NeedLong-term trend in drug-related deaths

(Gotz, 2004)

Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives

(Gallaher, 2007)

Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders

Long Term Potentiation The complex chemical processes that form long-term memories (Cook, 2006)

(Kanehisa, 1999)Fig. 3 The Process of Long Term Potentiation

PKC (Protein Kinase C)

Has many isoforms (PKMzeta,PKMa)(Abel, 2004)

Fig 4. Process of PKC interaction in Long term Potentiation

Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus

Yukihisa Matsumoto, Biology Letters

Yukihisa Matsumoto

Fig 5. Olfactory Preferences of crickets trained to associate Scent A with water reward and Scent B with saline punishment

Place Memory in Crickets

Jan Wessnitzer, Biology Letters

Fig 6. Mean time (seconds) taken for cricket to find cool spot

Wessnitzer, 2008

Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC

Dominique Toullec, The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Toullec, 2005

Fig 7. The concentrations of PKC when exposed to Bisindolylmaleimide, and the concentrations of a PKC isotype

The levels of PKC and PKAThe levels of PKC and PKA

Formation of Long-term Olfactory Memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus Makoto Mizunami,

2005, Chem. Senses

Makoto, 2006

Fig 8. A diagram of the head of the cricket. Brain (In blue) is where PKC is believed to be contained in.

Purpose/Hypothesis

The purpose of this experiment is to see whether Bisindolymaleide disrupts long term memories in Gryllus Bimaculatus when treated with it pre- and post- conditioning

It is hypothesized that with all administeringings of Bisindolymaleide, the formation of memories will be inhibited

Crickets (Gryllus Bimaculatus) n=120

Statistically analyzed with a one-way ANOVA (to find statistic significance) followed by a Scheffe post-hoc test (p<0.05)

Trained to associate one scent with reward and one scent with

punishmentAlso, trained to run heat maze

Control group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solutionGiven water after each heat maze run

Variable group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+)Given water after each heat maze run

Variable group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solutionGiven Water (+5M)after each heat maze run

Variable group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+5M), Given Water (+5M)after each heat maze run

Time spent on each scent is recorded for all groups, and time spent finding cool spot in heat maze also recorded

Protocol Gryllus Bimaclatus scent conditioning Obtaining specific concentration of Bisindolylmaleimide Exposure to scents to test whether negative or positive

connotations were preserved Recording of time spent on top of each conditioned scent Gryllus Bimaculatus Heat Maze training Recording of time spent for each heat maze run

Scent Conditioning Scent Testing

(Matsumoto, 2006)

Budget

Vendor Catalog # page/website Description Quantity Unit $ Total $

EMDbiosciences 203290 http://www.emdbiosciences.com Bisindolylmaleimide 1 $40.00 $40.00Carolina 143550 http://carolina.com/ Crickets (Living Adults) 1 $6.75 $6.75Carolina 143565 http://carolina.com/ House Cricket Food 2 $6.25 $12.50Carolina 695145 http://carolina.com/ Sense of Smell Kit 1 $49.25 $49.25Carolina 199606 http://carolina.com/ Plastic Syringe 1 $3.85 $3.85Carolina 198697 http://carolina.com/ Distilled Water 1 $6.75 $6.75Carolina 721207 http://carolina.com/ Pyrex Beaker 100ml 4 $3.65 $14.60Walmart - http://walmart.com/ Plastic Bin 5 $10 $50Walmart - http://walmart.com/ Electrical Skillet 1 $80 $80Empire Metal - - Brass Cylinder 1 $50 $50Home Depot - Rubber Tubing 1 $7 $7Home Depot - - Hose Section 1 $10 $10

$330.70 Total

Do-ability Materials already stocked in lab:Plastic SyringeWaterSodium ChloridePyrex Beaker

Materials not stocked can be obtained, and protocols are straightforward, and not particularly complex

Bibliography Olton, D.S., & Samuelson, R.J. (1976). Remembrance of places passed: Spatial memory in

rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 97-116. Ling D, Benardo L, Serrano P, Blace N, Kelly M, Crary J, Sacktor T (2002). "Protein kinase

Mzeta is necessary and sufficient for LTP maintenance". Nat. Neurosci. 5 (4): 295-6. Serrano P, Yao Y, Sacktor T (2005). "Persistent phosphorylation by protein kinase Mzeta

maintains late-phase long-term potentiation". J Neurosci 25 (8): 1979-84. Pastalkova E, Serrano P, Pinkhasova D, Wallace E, Fenton A, Sacktor T (2006). "

Storage of spatial information by the maintenance mechanism of LTP". Science 313 (5790): 1141-4

Cooke SF, Bliss TV (2006). "Plasticity in the human central nervous system". Brain 129 (Pt 7): 1659-73

Boron, Walter F. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunder

Clugnet, MC; LeDoux JE (01 Aug 1990). "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body." (PDF). J Neurosci 10 (8): 2818-24.

Sweatt J (1999). "Toward a molecular explanation for long-term potentiation". Learn Mem 6 (5): 399-416.

Toullec, Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC, Biology Letters, p15711 – 15781

Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus, Matsumoto, Biology Letters, volume 4, p608 - 610

Jan Wessnitzer, Place Memory in Crickets, Biology Letters, Volume 275, January 2008, pg 915 - 921