Piotr Bednarczyk Piotr Bednarczyk 1,2 1,2 and and Adam Maj Adam Maj 2 for for the RISING Collaboration the RISING Collaboration 1 GSI Darmstadt, Germany 2 IFJ PAN Kraków, Poland Remarks Remarks on the background on the background radiation radiation in the RISING fast beam campaign in the RISING fast beam campaign * * HISPEC/DESPEC MEETING Valencia (Spain) 15th-16th June * ) Based on discussions with and contributions from: A.Bürger (Bonn), F.Camera (Milano), P.Doornenbal (GSI), J.Gerl (GSI), M.Górska (GSI), M.Kmiecik (Kraków), Zs. Podolyak (Surrey), M. Taylor (York), H.J.Wollersheim (GSI), Q. Zhong (Legnaro)
54
Embed
Piotr Bednarczyk 1,2 and Adam Maj 2 for the RISING Collaboration
Remarks on the background g radiation in the RISING fast beam campaign *. Piotr Bednarczyk 1,2 and Adam Maj 2 for the RISING Collaboration. 1 GSI Darmstadt, Germany 2 IFJ PAN Kraków, Poland. * ) Based on discussions with and contributions from: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Piotr BednarczykPiotr Bednarczyk1,21,2 and and Adam MajAdam Maj22
forfor the RISING Collaboration the RISING Collaboration
1GSI Darmstadt, Germany2IFJ PAN Kraków, Poland
Remarks Remarks on the background on the background radiation radiation
in the RISING fast beam campaignin the RISING fast beam campaign**
HISPEC/DESPEC MEETING Valencia (Spain)
15th-16th June
*) Based on discussions with and contributions from:A.Bürger (Bonn), F.Camera (Milano), P.Doornenbal (GSI), J.Gerl (GSI), M.Górska (GSI), M.Kmiecik (Kraków), Zs. Podolyak (Surrey), M. Taylor (York), H.J.Wollersheim (GSI), Q. Zhong (Legnaro)
FRS
HECTORHECTOR8 BaF2 scintillators
CATE: CATE: Position Sensitive Position Sensitive CaCalorimeter lorimeter TeTelescopelescope
Relativistic CoulombE2 or E1 excitation of projectile, break-up
EUROBALL15 cluster Ge-detectors
POV-Ray animation: R. Maj
Layout of the fast-RISING experimentLayout of the fast-RISING experiment
HECTOR SPECTRA
Hector time spectra (100 MeV/u 84Kr beam)
142o
142o
142o142o
142o142o
90o
TotFloor
Prompt (target)
8-1
2 n
s aft
er
5 n
s b
efo
re
15 n
s aft
er
(CA
TE)
100 MeV/u 84Kr beam
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180ns
baf#1
baf#4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
ns
baf#4 thick
baf#4 thin
baf#4 frame
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
ns
baf#1 thick
baf#1 thin
baf#1 frame
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
ns
baf#1 thick
baf#1 thin
baf#1 frame
142o
0
50
100
150
200
250
145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185ns
baf#4 thickbaf#4 thinbaf#4 frame
90o
Adam Maj
time4 no wall
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90ns
time4 no wall
time2 no w all
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
ns
time2 no w all
Thick (0.2 g/cm2) Au target, 150 MeV/u 132Xe beam
At the very beginning…
142o 90o
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90ns
time4 no wall
time4 wall
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80ns
time2 no w all
time2 w all
Simple wall
142o 90o
A/Q - 37Ca, CATE -K (mainly 36K)
37Ca beam @196MeV/u;
A/Q - 37Ca, CATE - Ca
ConclusionsConclusionsPrompt radiation from target, increasing with the target thickness
Early gamma radiation, coming from the beam line, caused by the light particles, ranging to very high energies (0-20 MeV)
Late gamma radiation (neutrons?)
Gamma radiation from the interaction of heavy ions in CATE
Ge Cluster detectors
BaF2 HECTOR detectors
beambeam
Target Target chamberchamber
CATE
MINIBALL detectors
Ge SPECTRA15*7 crystals
1000 2000 3000
1000
10000
510 596
834 846
10141040 1461
180926142211
3004
1369
• Natural radioactivity: 40K, 208Pb,…• 27Al,56Fe(n,n’) with fast neutrons, Doppler broadened • 27Al(p,2p)26Mg; with Ep~Ebeam/u• Ge n capture
A single gamma spectrum, no condition;86Kr primary beam, 100MeV/u 54Cr secondary beam on Au target
55Ni@165 MeV/uBe-target; gates on CATE
129Sn@165 MeV/uBe-target; gates on CATE
Time structure of an in-beam Ge spectrumTime structure of an in-beam Ge spectrumselection: selection: 132132Xe primary beam on Au target & Xe outgoing Xe primary beam on Au target & Xe outgoing particleparticle
350
400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400
50ns
off-time, randomRadioactivity lines
prompt Coulex target, projectile 27Al(p,2p)26Mg
delayedn induced
Conclusion : A lot of high energy particles (protons) is emitted in the fragmentation reactions
Solution: Multiplicity filtering, when the number of crystals in a cluster is 1-3(physically correct condition to detect the Compton scattering)
1850 1950 2050 2150 2250
3000
7000
11000
1500
3500
600
1400
A BaF2 (HECTOR) time distribution in coincidence with a cluster
BaF-GeMGe=1-3
BaF-GeMGe=5-7
BaFsingle
Radiation emitted downstream
target
neutrons
CATE
Conclusion: the source of the high multiplicity, and high amplitude signals is situated downstream in the FRS area
Some other properties of the “bad” signals:• For the outer rings the number of saturated signals is reduced• With a primary beam (no fragmentation before a target) the bad signals contribute
less • The higher beam energy and the current the bigger contribution of the bad signals• No matter if a reaction target is used or not
A general conclusion on that point:A fragmentation in the FRS area is a source of the intensive backgroundradiation seen by the Ge detectors. Its nature could be high energy particles* (protons) affecting mainly detectors close to the beam line.
*However a pileup of several hundred gammas irradiating the whole array cannot be excluded (i.e. a very intense bremsstrahlung)
The prompt and delayed distributions are shifted in energy
There is (almost) no prompt background bump if only a primary beam is of use
Spectra normalized according to the 400-1000 keV range
150
350
30
70
110
40 80 120 160 200 240
15
35EB Ring#1 ~15deg
EB Ring#2,3 ~30deg
MB Ring#4,5 ~90deg
134Cs secondary beam -particle
Position of the (prompt) bump very little depends on a detector angle
At ~60 and~ 120 degrees
Zs. Podolyak et al, Nucl. Phys. A722 (2003) 273c
Bremsstrahlung componentsRadiative electron Capture of target electrons into bound states of the projectilePrimary Bremsstrahlung of target electrons produced by the collision with the projectileSecondary Bremsstrahlung of high energy knock-out electrons re-scattering in the target
atomic~ 10000 * (nuclear)
Conclusion: •The prompt background may result from the (secondary ?) bremsstrahlung of electrons slowing down in the secondary target (Au). These electrons would be produced by fragments scattered on the FRS components. (suppressed if there is no primary or secondary target) •The delayed component may be than related to the bremsstrahlung of the electrons in CATE (CsI) or in the environment. (In this case the electrons could be also emitted from the secondary target)