RFL 2010-36721 Final Report of Reservoir Fluid Study for VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A. PENCOR Advanced Fluid Studies A Product of Piñuña Field Piñuña-5 Well 8-Oct-2010 6316 Windfern Rd. Houston, Texas 77040, USA Tel: 713-328-2673 Fax: 713-328-2697 Web: http://www.corelab.com The analyses, opinions or interpretations in this report are based upon observations and material supplied by the client to whom, and for whose exclusive and confidential use, this report has been made. The interpretations or opinions expressed represent the best judgement of Core Laboratories. Core Laboratories and its officers and employees assume no responsibility and make no warranty or representations, express or implied, as to the productivity, proper operation or profitability of any oil, gas, coal or any other mineral, property, well or sand formation in connection with which such report is used or relied upon for any reason whatsoever.
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The analyses, opinions or interpretations in this report are based upon observations and material supplied by the client to whom, and forwhose exclusive and confidential use, this report has been made. The interpretations or opinions expressed represent the best judgementof Core Laboratories. Core Laboratories and its officers and employees assume no responsibility and make no warranty or representations,express or implied, as to the productivity, proper operation or profitability of any oil, gas, coal or any other mineral, property, well or sandformation in connection with which such report is used or relied upon for any reason whatsoever.
David McEvoyProject ManagerPENCOR Advanced Fluid Studies Laboratory
October 8th, 2010
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Carrera 7 No. 71-52 Torre A Piso 10Bogotá, Colombia
Attention : Eng. Javier Aguillon
Subject: Reservoir Fluid Study Field: PiñuñaWell: Piñuña-5File: 2010-36721
Dear Eng. Aguillon;
A series of bottom-hole reservoir fluid samples were collected from the subject well onJune 26, 2010 by Core Laboratories representatives. The samples were received by ourPencor Advanced Fluid Studies Laboratory in Houston, USA on September 14, 2010.Initial sample validation and quality control procedures commenced upon receipt, and thelaboratory received approval to perform the Reservoir Fluid / PVT study on the selectedsample on September 23, 2010.
The final report containing the data for the completed laboratory study is presented in thefollowing pages.
It has been a pleasure to be of service to VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Should any questions arise or if we may be of further service in any way, please do nothesitate to contact us.
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Table of Contents
Section A - Summary of Analysis Methods and PVT Data Page
Summary of analysis methods......................................................................................... A.1-A.2
Summary of PVT Data.................................................................................................... A.3
Section B - Summary of Samples Received and Validation Data
Well and sampling information........................................................................................ B.1
Summary of samples received........................................................................................ B.2
Section C - Compositional Analysis of Bottom-hole Reservoir Fluid Sample
Compositional analysis of bottom-hole sample to C36+................................................... C.1-C.2
Section D- Constant Composition Expansion (CCE)
Constant composition expansion data at 203 °F............................................................... D.1-D.2
Graphs of constant composition expansion data at 203 °F............................................... D.3
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Section A - Summary of Analysis Methods and PVT Data
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Summary of Analyses Methods
Sample ValidationThe visual bubble point pressure at reservoir temperature, and free water content, weremeasured as initial quality checks for each bottomhole sample. The visual bubble point isobtained by charging a small volume of sample to a PVT cell, and quickly lowering the pressureuntil the first gas bubble is observed. The results for the two samples showed good agreement.The sample is checked for the presence of free water, which is drained and the volumemeasured. The entrained water content was determined by Karl Fischer titration.
Based on the sample evaluations, cylinder no. 818386 was selected for full PVT analysis.
Heat TreatmentThe selected sample cylinder was heated to the reservoir temperature of 203 °F prior tosubsampling to avoid potential wax deposition problems and ensure representative sampletransfers at all stages of testing.
Pressurized Fluid CompositionApproximately 25 cc of pressurized fluid was flashed to atmospheric pressure at 120 °F andseparated into its respective gas and oil phases. The evolved gas and residual liquid wereanalyzed separately, using gas-liquid chromatography and recombined on a weight basis toproduce a C36+ weight percent composition.
Gas CompositionsGas compositions were measured using a "one shot" Varian 3800 gas analyzer using methodGPA 2286. The gas chromatograph utilizes 3 columns to clearly identify all the elutedcomponents from N2, CO2 and C1 through C11+.
The chromatograph is calibrated weekly using air and synthetic hydrocarbon gas with a knowncomposition. The resultant calibration data is checked statistically against previous calibrationsprior to performing analyses on unknown samples.
Liquid CompositionResidual / stocktank liquid composition were measured using a Varian 3600 chromatograph.The gas chromatograph utilizes a cold on column, "sandwich injection" technique to ensure thata representative sample is injected and swept onto the column. The sample is run twice; firstthe original fluid and then the fluid spiked with n-tetradecane. This allows the laboratory to takeinto account any heavy end (C36+) losses that may have occurred during the chromatographicrun, and make an accurate correction prior to reporting the liquid composition. The dataobtained from the gas chromatograph is in weight %. Calculations to mole% and the plusfractions properties are described later.
The chromatograph is checked daily, using a gravimetric n-paraffin mix containing a range ofpure components from C8 through C36 and a synthetic gas-oil mix (D2887) with a knowncomposition. The resultant calibration data is checked statistically against previous calibrationsprior to perform analyses on unknown samples.
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Summary of Analyses Methods, continuation
Calculation of Mole% Compositions and Plus Fraction PropertiesThe residue or stocktank liquid whole sample molecular weight and density are measured usinga cryscope and a PAAR densimeter respectively.
The mole% data is calculated using GPSA mole weight and density data, where individualcomponents are identified from carbon dioxide through decanes. Katz and Firoozabadi data areused from undecanes through pentatriacontanes. The residue mole weight and density valuesare calculated so that the pseudo average mole weight and density are the same as themeasured values. This can lead to anomalous residue mole weights and densities where theKatz and Firoozabadi values may not be suitable for the isomer groups detected.
Constant Composition ExpansionA portion of the reservoir fluid sample was charged to a high pressure visual cell at reservoirtemperature. A constant composition expansion was carried out during which the bubble pointpressure at reservoir temperature, and pressure-volume data for the single phase and twophase fluid, were determined. The density of the single phase fluid was measured via an AntonPaar® high-pressure densitometer connected directly to the cell at 5000 psig. Density data forother pressures were calculated using the data from the pressure-volume relationship.
Differential VaporizationThe differential vaporization test was carried out in a high pressure visual cell at reservoirtemperature. Beginning with the fluid sample in a single-phase state above the measuredsaturation pressure, the pressure was lowered to the first depletion stage pressure andthoroughly equilibrated. The evolved gas was displaced from the cell and its volume,compressibility, gravity and molar composition were measured. This process was repeated atsuccessively lower pressure stages until the last stage was reached. The final stage wascarried out at atmospheric pressure when the residual liquid was pumped out of the cell and itsvolume, density, molecular weight and composition were measured.
Separator TestA single-stage separator test was carried out using a pressurized test separator cell. A portionof the recombined reservoir fluid sample was charged to the cell and stabilized at the pressureand temperature required for the first stage of separation. The gas evolved was pumped out ofthe cell and the volume and composition were measured. The final (stocktank) stage wascarried out at atmospheric pressure and 60°F and the density and composition of the residualliquid were determined.
Reservoir Fluid ViscosityLive-oil viscosity was measured in an electromagnetic viscometer at reservoir temperature.Viscosity determinations were carried out over a wide range of pressures from above thereservoir pressure to atmosheric pressure.
The measurements were repeated at each pressure stage until five or more results agreed towithin 0.5%. The densities, obtained from the constant composition expansion and differentialvaporization tests, were used in the calculation of viscosities in centipoise.
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Summary of Laboratory Data
Constant Composition Expansion of Reservoir Fluid at 203 °F
Saturation pressure (bubble-point) 942 psig
Average single phase compressibility 8.07 x 10 -6 psi-1(From 3485 psig to 942 psig)
Density at saturation pressure 0.7996 g cm-3
Differential Vaporization at 203 °F
Solution gas-oil ratio at saturation pressure 262 scf/bbl of residual oil at 60°F
Relative oil volume at saturation pressure 1.216 vol / vol of residual oil at 60°F
Density of residual oil 0.8983 g cm-3 at 60°F
Separator Test Data
Pressure Temperature Formation Volume Total Solution Stocktank Oil(psig) (°F) Factor Gas-oil ratio Density at 60 °F
(Bl sat/bbl) (scf/bbl) (g cm-3)
942 203 1.163 191
45 100 168
0 60 23 0.8899
Reservoir Fluid Viscosity at 203 °F
Viscosity at reservoir pressure 2.129 centipoise at 3485 psig
Viscosity at saturation pressure 1.637 centipoise at 942 psig
Viscosity at atmospheric pressure 4.544 centipoise at 0 psig
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Section B - Summary Of Samples Received And Validation Data
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Reported Well and Sampling Information
Reservoir and well information
Field...................................................................... PiñuñaWell....................................................................... Piñuña-5Reservoir Fluid...................................................... Black Oil
Date sampled........................................................ 26-Jun-10Time sampled ....................................................... 12:00Type of samples.................................................... BHSSampling company................................................ Core LaboratoriesSampling Depth.................................................... 7,650 ft.
Choke.................................................................... *Status of well......................................................... Pumping (ESP)
Bottomhole pressure.............................................. 3283 psia at sampling depthBottomhole temperature........................................ 230 °F at sampling depth (estimated)
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Summary of Samples Received
Bottomhole samplesEntrained
Sample Cylinder Water Sample Water number number pressure Temp. Pressure Temp. recovered volume Content
(psia) (°F) (psig) (°F) (cc) (cc) (%)
1.1 818408 3283 230 * 820 203 0 600 4.15
1.2 818386 3283 230 * 840 203 7 600 3.03
Notes:
* The temperature at sampling depth is estimated.
Sample cylinder number 818386 was selected for PVT analysis.
The samples were subjected to a dehydration procedure consisting of 48 hours of thermal cycling.Following this period subsamples were removed and measured for entrained water content.Cylinder 818408 was reduced to a 0.76 wt. % water content and cylinder 818386 was reduced to0.05 wt. %.
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Section C - Compositional Analysis of Bottom-hole Reservoir Fluid Sample
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Compositional Analysis of Bottomhole Sample to C36 plus
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Compositional Analysis of Bottomhole Sample to C36 plus
Calculated Residue Properties
C7 plus Mole % 58.83Mole Weight (g mol-1) 290Density at 60°F (g cm-3) 0.9047
C11 plus Mole % 41.85Mole Weight (g mol-1) 361Density at 60°F (g cm-3) 0.9323
C20 plus Mole % 21.18Mole Weight (g mol-1) 519Density at 60°F (g cm-3) 0.9788
C36 plus Mole % 7.83Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 786Density at 60°F (g cm-3) 1.0617
Calculated Whole Sample Properties
Average mole weight (g mol-1) 187Density at 60°F (g cm-3) 0.8444
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Differential Vaporization at 203°F
Solution Relative Relative Deviation Gas IncrementalPressure Gas-Oil Oil Total Density Factor Formation Gas Gravity
(1) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.696 psia and 60°F per barrel of residual oil at 60°F.(2) Volume of oil at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of residual oil at 60°F.(3) Volume of oil plus liberated gas at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of residual oil at 60°F.(4) Volume of gas at indicated pressure and temperature per volume at 14.696 psia and 60°F.
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporization Gases to C11+
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporization Residue to C36+
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporization Residue to C36+
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Differential Vaporization Data Converted to Production Separator Conditions
Oil Solution Formation Gas FormationPressure Density Gas/Oil Volume Volume
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Separator Test Data
Gas-Oil Gas-Oil Oil Formation Separation Gas GravityPressure Temperature Ratio Ratio Density Volume Volume of flashed gas
* Evolved gas collected and analyzed to C10+.** Stocktank oil collected and analyzed to C36+.
(1) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.696 psia and 60°F per barrel of oil at indicated pressure and temperature.(2) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.696 psia and 60°F per barrel of stocktank oil at 60°F.(3) Volume of saturated oil at 942 psig and 203°F per volume of stocktank oil at 60°F.(4) Volume of oil at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of stocktank oil at 60°F.
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Compositional Analysis of Separator Test Gases to C10+
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Reservoir Fluid Viscosity Data at 203°F
Pressure Oil Calculated Oil/Gas(psig) Viscosity Gas Viscosity Viscosity
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Data Used in Gas Compositional Calculations
Component Mole Weight Density Component Mole Weight Density(g mol-1) (g cm-3 at 60°F) (g mol-1) (g cm-3 at 60°F)
* ASTM Data Series Publication DS 4B (1991) - Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon Compounds.
** GPA Table of Physical Constants of Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Natural Gas, GPA 2145-96.
*** Journal of Petroleum Technology, Nov 1978, Pages 1649-1655. Predicting Phase Behaviour of Condensate/Crude Oil Systems Using Methane Interaction Coefficients - D.L. Katz & A. Firoozabadi.
Note :The gas mole % compositions were calculated from the measured weight % compositions using themost detailed analysis results, involving as many of the above components as were identified. Thereported component mole % compositions were then sub-grouped into the generic carbon numbercomponents.
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Data Used in Oil Compositional Calculations
Component Mole Weight Density Component Mole Weight Density(g mol-1) (g cm-3 at 60°F) (g mol-1) (g cm-3 at 60°F)
* ASTM Data Series Publication DS 4B (1991) - Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon Compounds.
** GPA Table of Physical Constants of Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Natural GasGPA 2145-96.
*** Journal of Petroleum Technology, Nov 1978, Pages 1649-1655. Predicting Phase Behaviour of Condensate/Crude Oil Systems Using Methane Interaction Coefficients - D.L. Katz & A. Firoozabadi.
Note :The residue mole weight and density values ( eg heptanes plus, undecanes plus, eicosanes plus) arecalculated so that the calculated average mole weights and densities correspond with the measuredvalues. This can lead to anomalous residue mole weights and densities where the Katz andFiroozabadi values may not be suitable for the isomer groups detected.
VETRA Exploración y Producción Colombia S.A.Piñuña-5 Well___________________________________________________________________________________________RFL 2010-36721
Report prepared by Report approved by
David McEvoy Richard M. (Rikki) FyfeProject Manager Operations ManagerPENCOR Advanced Fluid Studies PENCOR Advanced Fluid Studies