Pilgrims & Indians 1620 • Christmastime work parties built the first thatched huts of Plymouth while using Mayflower as home base • Cold and wind-whipped coastline; rocky land with thin soil • Welcomed by Samoset, an English-speaking native who learned the language from fishermen and traders
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Pilgrims & Indians 1620 Christmastime work parties built the first thatched huts of Plymouth while using Mayflower as home base Cold and wind-whipped coastline;
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Pilgrims & Indians 1620• Christmastime work
parties built the first thatched huts of Plymouth while using Mayflower as home base
• Cold and wind-whipped coastline; rocky land with thin soil
• Welcomed by Samoset, an English-speaking native who learned the language from fishermen and traders
Squanto & the Indians 1621
• Samoset introduces the settlers to 60 Indians, including Chief Massasoit and another English-speaking Indian they named Squanto (Tisquantum)
• John Carver, the first Pilgrim governor, writes a peace treaty with Massasoit
• Peace between the settlers and the Algonquians of the Wampanoag tribe lasted until Massasoit’s death in 1661
TERMS OF THE TREATY
Following the introductory ceremonies, Carver and Massaoit agreed upon the terms of a peace treaty between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoags.
The treaty of mutual support they negotiated said in part:
1. That he nor any of his should do hurt to any of their people. 2. That if any of his did hurt any of theirs, he should send the offender, that they might punish him. 3. That if anything were taken away from any of theirs, he should cause it to be restored; and they should do the like to his. 4. If any did unjustly war against him, they would aid him; if any did war against them, he should aid them. 5. He should send to his neighbors confederates to certify them of this, that they might not wrong them, but might be likewise compromised in the conditions of peace. 6. That when their men came to them, they should leave their bows and arrows behind them. 7. That King James would esteem Massasoit as his friend and ally.
Captain Miles Standish
• English military officer hired by Pilgrims as a military advisor to the Plymouth Colony
• Commander, Assistant Governor, and Treasurer
• Maintained primary defense of Plymouth for nearly 15 yrs
A First Year’s Review …
… and Much to Celebrate!• The first “thanksgiving” … and
yes, there was a big meal!•
The celebration was unusually generous and festive– Pilgrims were frugal; needed
food for the winter and feeding incoming colonists
• Celebration of survival, accomplishments and peaceful relations with the Indians– Survivors thrived despite the
losses– Started a beaver trade– Built 11 houses– Productive corn harvest
thanks to Squanto
The Feast
• Likely consisted of ducks, geese, turkeys, clams, eel, lobster, squash, wild grapes, dried fruit, corn, and cornbread
• No sugar for sweets• End of September; end of
harvest• National day of Thanksgiving
proclaimed by George Washington in 1789, but not celebrated officially until Abraham Lincoln decreed it a national holiday (and day off!) in 1863