1.0 COMPANY PROFILE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Since its establishment in 1988, Reka Bangunan Construction has undertaken many notable projects in Malaysia and overseas. Our corporate roots coincided with Malaysia’s development as a modern nation and we have continuously met the demands of a changing era and people's aspirations for the future through sound construction operations. As the world enters the second century of modern urban construction, there is a strong need to preserve historic scenery, protect the environment and create attractive public and private spaces. Aiming to provide customers with high-quality service at reasonable prices, Reka Bangunan Construction is pursuing initiatives that apply expert knowledge and expanded services to achieve even greater customer satisfaction. Due to this reason we have been invited to submit a foundation design proposal for a Proposed Elevated 1
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1.0 COMPANY PROFILE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Since its establishment in 1988, Reka Bangunan Construction has undertaken many
notable projects in Malaysia and overseas. Our corporate roots coincided with Malaysia’s
development as a modern nation and we have continuously met the demands of a
changing era and people's aspirations for the future through sound construction
operations.
As the world enters the second century of modern urban construction, there is a
strong need to preserve historic scenery, protect the environment and create attractive
public and private spaces. Aiming to provide customers with high-quality service at
reasonable prices, Reka Bangunan Construction is pursuing initiatives that apply expert
knowledge and expanded services to achieve even greater customer satisfaction.
Due to this reason we have been invited to submit a foundation design proposal
for a Proposed Elevated Interchange to Built Coastal Highway from Johor Bahru to
Nusajaya, Johor Darul Takzim which is located at the southern region of Peninsular
Malaysia. This project will involve the construction of several piers and abutments to
support the elevated structure.
This project is supervised under a very expert project manager, Mr Yek Nai
Chuang. Before the construction of this project, a site investigation has been carry out by
member of a professional design team. This is one of the crucial thing need to be done in
order to get the soil profile of the proposed site. Data obtained from the site investigation
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will be use to built the foundation of a pier.
Thus, in order to determine the type of foundation that is suitable for this project
several meetings have been done to choose the best approaches for this project. After a
very detailed analysis we finally managed to come out with a very suitable foundation.
The dedicated group of engineers includes Abdul Mu’iz B. Abdul Mubin, Cheong Chee
Hoe, Hanis Binti Omar, Mardhiah Binti Zainal Abidin, Mohd Shahrul Amin B. Yahya,
Noraini Binti Said, Pon Chew Leng, and Syafiqah Binti Syafruddin.
1.2 ORGANIZATION CHAR
1.3 SITE INVESTIGATION
Site investigation program consist of four stages which is
1) Desk study and reconnaissance
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2) Preliminary ground investigation
3) Detailed ground investigation
4) Monitoring
1.3.1 DESK STUDY
In order to gain as much information as possible, both geological and
historical of the proposed site is needed. Thus geological maps are use to
gives us the excellence indication of the sort of ground conditions. On the
other hand aerial photography is another source of information on
topography and ground conditions. This record are obtained from local
authorities and government agencies.
1.3.2 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
In predicting the geological structures, soil profile and the position of the
ground water table by making a few boreholes. A borehole data we obtain
from Pakatan Geo Services Sdn Bhd. Gives us the description of soil. Soil
borings are the most common method of subsurface exploration in the
field. A borehole is used to determine the nature of the ground in a
qualitative manner and then recover disturb and undisturbed sample for
quantitative examination.
1.3.3 DETAILED INVESTIGATION
After obtaining all possible preliminary information as indicated in the
preceeding section, we proceed to the next stage. At this stage, the extent
of the test, number and depth of boreholes, selection of the appropriate
equipment for field testing and the choice of the laboratory testing are
made. All the data we get from this investigation is aimed to gives a
detailed which is to be use in designing the foundation of piers and
abutments.
Using data from BH15, the proposed foundations of a pier with the
loadings of
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1) Maximum total compression load = 20,000 kN
2) Maximum moment due to horizontal force = 1,500kNm
1.3.4 MONITORING
No one can ensure that the soil parameters used for the design is the most
representative of the soil condition at the site. Thus field observation is
crucial as it can give early diagnosis and redemption of any problems that
might counter during construction. Among the measurement that is taken
during the monitoring stage are settlement, displacement, deformations,
inclination and pore water pressure. This is because review of the design
can be made during construction based on the information gained from
monitoring program.
1.4 SOIL PROFILE
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Soil Profile of BH 15
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Hard, grey with red spots, SILT WITH PARTS OF CLAY, traces of sand and gravel
Hard,-ditto-
Hard, grey, SILT with parts of clay, and some sand
Hard,-ditto-
Hard, grey, SILT with parts of clay, little sand and traces of gravel
Hard,-ditto-
Hard,-ditto-
Top Soil
Sand
Very Stiff
Very Stiff
Very Stiff
Hard
Hard
Hard
Hard
Hard
Hard
Hard
0m
0.5m
1.3m
3.0m
4.95m
9.45m
10.95m
12.41m
13.84m
15.26m
16.76m
18.2m
Brownish grey, CLAY with some fine sand and roots
Very loose, grey, silty SAND with traces of gravel
Firm, reddish brown with yellow spots, SILT with parts of clay, traces of sand and a little gravel
Stiff, -ditto-
Very stiff, brown with grey mottled, -ditto-
Very stiff, brown with grey mottled, SILT with parts of clay, traces of sand and gravel
Very stiff, -ditto-
Firm
3.45mStiff
6.45m
7.95m
SHALLOW
FOUNDATION
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19.61m
2.0 SHALLOW FOUNDATION DESIGN
Given:a) Maximum total compression load, Qmax = Qall = 20000kNb) Maximum moment, Mmax = 1500 kNm
Assumption:a) Depth of foundation, Df = 3mb) Factor of safety, FS = 2.5c) Cohesion, c = 0 kN/m2
d) Inclination, β = 0°e) Internal friction angle of sand, φsand = 30˚f) Saturated unit weight of sand,Ysat (sand) = 19 kN/m3
g) Unit weight of water, Yw (water) = 9.81kN/m3
h) Unit weight of sand Yb (sand) = 17 kN/m3
i) Use square footing, so, width, Area = BXB
Case 1 Assume Df = 1.3 m, FS = 2.5
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γb = 17 kN/m3
c = 0φ = 30o
SAND1.3 m
Q = 20000kN
M = 1500kNm
Since the ground water level is below the footing, therefore the q and γ that we calculate are as below.
Asmin = 0.13% bh = 0.13% bh = (0.0013) (14000) (750) = 13650mm2 25T32 (As = 20215 mm2) is used in the distance 2/3 d from bottom, 2/3(909) = 606 mm from bottom with spacing 200 mm .
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Reinforcement Detailing
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CONCLUSION
In order to determine the types of foundation which is suitable for this project, we had
undergone a very detailed analysis. Analyses that have been made are to determining the
thickness and shape of the footing, amount and location of reinforcing steel and performing other
details of the actual structural design. Firstly, the calculation of shallow foundation is made for
two trials. Based on the calculation, the net allowable load, Q net and immediate settlement, Se of
the footing cannot sustain the load above it. From these two trials proves that we cannot use
shallow foundation for this proposed project as it gives inadequate result.
Thus we to proceed our calculation to pile foundation. From calculation of pile
foundation we found that the proposed elevated interchange needs 25 piles to sustain load above
it. Finally, we have decided to use the pile foundation rather than shallow foundation for the
Proposed Elevated Interchange to Built Coastal Highway from Johor Bahru to Nusajaya, Johor