Nov 08, 2015
Table of Contents
Definition & Selection
Inorganic pigments
Organic pigments
Applications
Very fine powdered chemicals dispersed in the polymers
Poor dispersion results in a weaker colour and often a grainy surface
Inorganic pigments are mineral based, i.e. Metal Oxides & Sulphides
Organic pigments are chemical compounds, less heat stable and more
difficult to disperse. Usually give richer and more vivid colours. Less
pigment is required
Pigments are water-and oil-insoluble natural and synthetic products that
impart color to materials
Definition-Pigments
Pigments are molecules that absorb specific wavelengths (energies) of light
and reflect all others.
Definition-Pigments
Pigment selection
Pigments
Color
Processability
Properties
Properties
Durability and Cost
Environmental
Pigments
Inorganic
True pigment
Extender Pigments
Organic
Lakes
Toners
Classification
Classification - Inorganic pigments
Classification - Inorganic pigments
Classification - Inorganic pigments
White pigments are the major contributors in paint formulation, and the most
widely used
COLORED INORGANIC fall into one of four group: pigment lead chromates,
metal oxides, sulfides, or sulfoselenides with a few miscellaneous pigments
that do not fit into one of these classes such as cobalt blue, ultramarine blue,
iron blue, and bismuth vanadate yellow
Metallic pigments provide brilliance finishes
Extender pigments are used to replace the more expensive prime pigment
and to reduce gloss of clear coating and to impart thinning flow properties to
coatings
Classification - Organic pigments
Impart colour by selective and/or scattering of visible light
Characteristics of organic pigments: lightness in weight, small particle size,
bright colour and fatness
Industrial applications: most widespread use in printing inks, paints and
plastics. In high technology industries, photo-reprographic, opto-electronic
displays, and optical data storage
Organic oranges and yellows
Classification - Organic pigments
Organic Reds
Organic Blues and Greens
Black pigment
Organic pigments vs Inorganic Pigments
Particular Inorganic Pigment Organic pigment
Color Dull Bright
Color strength Low High
Opacity Opaque Transparent
Light Fastness Good Poor to good
Heat Fastness Good Poor to good
Chemical Fastness Poor Very Good
Solubility Insoluble Limited
Degree of safety May be unsafe Usually safe
Industrial applications
Paint application
Industrial applications
Colouring plastics
Industrial applications
Insulator fillers had been incorporated to traditional CB millbase in the polymer matrix. GO
millbase showed the better effect in passivation of CB conduction path of the polymer matrix.
As a result of dielectric properties target, there was in tune to low dielectric constant and high
optical density.
Industrial applications
Sectional view of black matrix in TFT-LCD
Black matrix and column spacer integration in TFT-LCD manufacturing is on demand.
High barrier, low dielectric constant and maintaining high optical density.
Industrial applications
FE-SEM images of spin coated films of (a) CB millbase (b) GO millbase, (c) GO-CB
millbase @10k and (d) GO/CB millbase @50k.
Industrial applications
Dielectric constant of films containing
bare CB, GO, PANI-CB, and GO-CB.
Optical density of films with bare CB, PANI-
CB and GO-CB.
Industrial applications
Table of Contents
Current Market Challenges
Objectives
Understanding Mould in the Leather &
Footwear Industry
Solutions
CURRENT MARKET
CHALLENGES
CURRENT MARKET CHALLENGES
Mould issue has become more of a concern within the footwear & leather industry in recent years?
Climate changes leading to wetter and more humid condition in many production countries.
Introduction of legislations restricting the use of certain active ingredients commonly used in mould prevention agents, potentially leading to the
reduced performance
The introduction of the EU Biocidial Product Regulation No. 528/2012
The introduction of the EU REACH Regulation No. 552/2009 DMF: REACH Limited Level:
UNDERSTANDING MOULD IN THE
LEATHER & FOOTWEAR
INDUSTRIES
Certain types of moulds that are found on materials and products
There are 11 types of moulds normally found in the industry, some examples are as follows. - Aspergillus
Niger, Oospores, Rhizopus Oryzae.
The danger of moulds within the footwear industry
Bad odours will effect the quality of the products
Certain moulds are toxic, these can cause health problems
Fast growing & spread rapidly
Very difficult to remove mould spores from products & factories
Mould spores can be found anywhere within the surrounding environment
Where are mould spores found?
Spores can be found everywhere & can travel in the air to the surrounding environment.
The best environmental factors for mould growth
Dark areas
Temperature: 25~37oC;
High humidity
60% RH (Most of the mould can easily grow 80% RH);
Air
Nutrients (Food Source)
UNDERSTANDING MOULD
There are 3 risk levels of materials that are prone to mould growth.
High Risk:
Organic matters i.e. Leather, Wood, Cotton, Rubber, Latex.
Moderate Risk:
Synthetic materials: i.e. Synthetic rubbers, Synthetic fabrics.
Low Risk:
Inorganic substances: i.e. Metal, Stone, Glass.
Ris
k L
evel
Areas mould can grow easily on footwear.
Mould growth within Mesh
Mould growth can increase dramatically where sealing
adhesives are used.
Mould growth on leather uppers.
HOW TO PREVENT MOULD
GROWTH?
Supplier Chain for Footwear & Leather Goods
MOULD PREVENTION SOLUTION
Managing each high risk point during
production procedures
Condition control & Management control
Using Anti-Mould agents
References
1. Inorganic Colored Pigments, Lewis, Peter A. ASTM
International
2. Colored Organic Pigments, Lewis, Peter A. ASTM International
3. High optical density and low dielectric constant black matrix
containing graphene oxide and carbon black on color filters,
T.S. Bui, Jin-Young Bae, Displays. 192-119, 2013
4. Patent EP 2020879 A2, Article of footwear with lightweight
sole assembly
5. SGS Mould Prevention Solution