PID Control and Design

Application manualProtectIT Line distance protection terminal

REL 511*2.5

Copyright 2006 ABB. All rights reserved.

Application manualLine distance protection terminal

REL 511*2.5

About this manualDocument No: 1MRK 506 168-UEN

Issued: December 2006Revision: B

COPYRIGHT

WE RESERVE ALL RIGHTS TO THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IN THE EVENT THAT A PATENT IS ISSUED AND A DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PROPRIETARY RIGHT IS REGISTERED. IMPROPER USE, IN PARTICULAR REPRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION TO THIRD PARTIES, IS NOT PERMITTED.

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY CHECKED. HOWEVER, IN CASE ANY ERRORS ARE DETECTED, THE READER IS KINDLY REQUESTED TO NOTIFY THE MANUFACTURER AT THE ADDRESS BELOW.

THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR THE CONCEPT OR PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND IS NOT TO BE DEEMED TO BE A STATEMENT OF GUARAN-TEED PROPERTIES. IN THE INTERESTS OF OUR CUSTOMERS, WE CONSTANTLY SEEK TO ENSURE THAT OUR PRODUCTS ARE DEVELOPED TO THE LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL STAN-DARDS. AS A RESULT, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THERE MAY BE SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HW/SW PRODUCT AND THIS INFORMATION PRODUCT.

Manufacturer:

ABB Power Technologies ABSubstation Automation ProductsSE-721 59 VstersSwedenTelephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18www.abb.com/substationautomation

ContentsPageChapter

Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................... 1

Introduction to the application manual ................................................. 2About the complete set of manuals for a terminal .......................... 2About the application manual ......................................................... 2Intended audience .......................................................................... 3

General...................................................................................... 3Requirements ............................................................................ 3

Related documents......................................................................... 3Revision notes ................................................................................ 3Glossary ......................................................................................... 4

Chapter 2 General........................................................................... 11

Features............................................................................................. 12Functions ........................................................................................... 13Application ......................................................................................... 17Design................................................................................................ 18Requirements .................................................................................... 19

General ......................................................................................... 19Voltage transformers .................................................................... 19Current transformers..................................................................... 19

Classification ........................................................................... 19Conditions................................................................................ 20Fault current ............................................................................ 21Cable resistance and additional load....................................... 21General current transformer requirements .............................. 21Distance protection ................................................................. 21Current transformer requirements for CTs according to other standards................................................................................. 22

Serial communication ........................................................................ 24SPA .............................................................................................. 24LON .............................................................................................. 24IEC 870-5-103 .............................................................................. 24

Terminal identification and base values............................................. 25Application .................................................................................... 25Calculations .................................................................................. 25

Example 1................................................................................ 26Example 2................................................................................ 28Chapter 3 Common functions ....................................................... 31

Real-time clock with external time synchronzation (TIME) ................ 32Application .................................................................................... 32Functionality ................................................................................. 32

ContentsCalculations .................................................................................. 32Four parameter setting groups (GRP) ............................................... 34

Application .................................................................................... 34Functionality.................................................................................. 34Design........................................................................................... 35

Setting restriction of HMI (SRH)......................................................... 36Application .................................................................................... 36Functionality.................................................................................. 36

I/O system configurator (IOP) ............................................................ 38Application .................................................................................... 38Functionality.................................................................................. 38

I/O position .............................................................................. 38Configuration ........................................................................... 39

Configurable logic blocks (CL1) ......................................................... 40Application .................................................................................... 40

Application ............................................................................... 40Functionality.................................................................................. 40

Inverter (INV) ........................................................................... 40Controllable gate (GT) ............................................................. 41OR ........................................................................................... 41AND ......................................................................................... 42Timer ....................................................................................... 43Timer settable through HMI/SMS/PST .................................... 46Pulse........................................................................................ 47Exclusive OR (XOR) ................................................................ 48Set-Reset (SR) ........................................................................ 49Set-Reset with/without memory (SM) ...................................... 50MOVE ...................................................................................... 51

Calculations .................................................................................. 53Self supervision with internal event recorder (INT) ............................ 54

Application .................................................................................... 54Functionality.................................................................................. 54

Blocking of signals during test (BST) ................................................. 58Functionality.................................................................................. 58

Chapter 4 Line distance ................................................................. 59

Distance protection (ZM).................................................................... 60Application .................................................................................... 60

General .................................................................................... 60Distance protection zones ....................................................... 60Complement to the line differential protection ......................... 61Set of simplified setting parameters......................................... 61Basic characteristics ................................................................ 61

Functionality.................................................................................. 66Measuring principle ................................................................. 66Measured impedance .............................................................. 68Directional lines ....................................................................... 71

Design........................................................................................... 72Full-scheme measurement ...................................................... 72

Distance protection zone one .................................................. 73

ContentsRemaining distance protection zones...................................... 77Calculations .................................................................................. 77

Setting instructions .................................................................. 77Reach setting recommendations ............................................. 77Conversion to secondary impedances .................................... 78Basic zone setting recommendations...................................... 78Earth return compensation ...................................................... 80Fault resistance ....................................................................... 82Zero-sequence mutual coupling on multicircuit lines............... 83Setting of the reach in resistive direction ................................ 89Setting of minimum operating current...................................... 91Setting of timers for the distance protection zones.................. 92Setting the directional lines...................................................... 92Simplified operating characteristic........................................... 93Set of simplified setting parameters ........................................ 93

Configuration ................................................................................ 93Basic configuration .................................................................. 93ZMn--BLOCK functional input.................................................. 94ZMn--VTSZ functional input..................................................... 94ZMn--BLKTR functional input .................................................. 94ZMn--STCND functional input ................................................. 94ZMn--START functional output................................................ 95ZMn--TRIP functional output ................................................... 95ZMn--STND functional output.................................................. 95

Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)........................................... 96Application .................................................................................... 96Functionality ................................................................................. 96Calculations .................................................................................. 97

Setting instructions .................................................................. 97Local acceleration logic (ZCLC)......................................................... 98

Application .................................................................................... 98Functionality ................................................................................. 98

Zone extension ........................................................................ 98Loss-of-load acceleration ........................................................ 98

Calculations .................................................................................. 99Setting instructions .................................................................. 99

General fault criteria (GFC) ............................................................. 100Application .................................................................................. 100

Phase preference logic.......................................................... 102Functionality ............................................................................... 102

Impedance measuring elements ........................................... 102Measuring elements for the ph-E faults................................. 102Measuring elements for ph-ph and three-phase faults .......... 104Current-based GFC elements ............................................... 106

Design ........................................................................................ 106Phase preference logic.......................................................... 112

Calculations ................................................................................ 116Setting instructions ................................................................ 116General setting parameters ................................................... 116Setting parameters for the I> mode of operation................... 117Setting parameters for the Z< mode of operation.................. 117

Phase preference logic.......................................................... 119

Power swing detection (PSD) .......................................................... 121

ContentsApplication .................................................................................. 121General .................................................................................. 121Basic characteristics .............................................................. 121

Functionality................................................................................ 122Theory of operation ............................................................... 122

Design......................................................................................... 123Basic detection logic .............................................................. 123Operating and inhibit conditions ............................................ 124

Calculations ................................................................................ 126Setting instructions ................................................................ 126Setting the reach of the inner characteristic .......................... 126Setting the reach of the outer characteristic .......................... 127Limitation of the resistive reach ............................................. 128Determination of the impedance difference and speed ......... 128Reactive reach....................................................................... 129tH hold timer .......................................................................... 129tR1 inhibit timer...................................................................... 130tR2 inhibit timer...................................................................... 130tEF timer for reclosing on persistent single-phase faults ....... 130

Radial feeder protection (PAP) ........................................................ 131Application .................................................................................. 131Functionality................................................................................ 131Design......................................................................................... 131Calculations ................................................................................ 136

Setting instructions ................................................................ 136Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) ........................................... 137

Application .................................................................................. 137Functionality................................................................................ 137

Theory of operation ............................................................... 137Blocking communication scheme .......................................... 137Permissive communication scheme ...................................... 138Direct inter-trip scheme.......................................................... 139

Calculations ................................................................................ 139Settings.................................................................................. 139

Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic (ZCAL)........................ 140Application .................................................................................. 140

Current reversal logic............................................................. 140Weak end infeed (WEI) logic ................................................. 140

Functionality................................................................................ 140Current reversal logic............................................................. 140Weak end infeed logic ........................................................... 141

Design......................................................................................... 141Current reversal logic............................................................. 141Weak end infeed logic ........................................................... 142

Calculations ................................................................................ 143Setting ................................................................................... 143Current reversal logic............................................................. 143Weak end infeed logic ........................................................... 144

Chapter 5 Current ......................................................................... 145

ContentsInstantaneous non-directional overcurrent protection (IOC)............ 146Application .................................................................................. 146Functionality ............................................................................... 147Design ........................................................................................ 147Calculations ................................................................................ 150

Setting instructions ................................................................ 150Meshed network without parallel line..................................... 150Meshed network with parallel line.......................................... 151Setting instructions ................................................................ 152Meshed network without parallel line..................................... 153.......................................... Meshed network with parallel line154

Definite time non-directional overcurrent protection (TOC) ............. 155Application .................................................................................. 155Functionality ............................................................................... 155Design ........................................................................................ 156Calculations ................................................................................ 158

Setting instructions ................................................................ 158Setting of operating current IP>............................................. 159Setting instructions ................................................................ 159Setting of operating current IN> ............................................ 160

Two step time delayed non-directional phase overcurrent protection (TOC2)......................................................... 162

Application .................................................................................. 162Functionality ............................................................................... 162Calculations ................................................................................ 163

Setting instructions ................................................................ 163Line protection in radial network............................................ 163Line protection in meshed network........................................ 165Setting characteristics ........................................................... 165

Two step time delayed directional phase overcurrent protection (TOC3) ........................................................ 167

Application .................................................................................. 167Functionality ............................................................................... 167

Theory of operation and design............................................. 167Current measuring element ................................................... 167Directional overcurrent function............................................. 168

Calculations ................................................................................ 174Setting instructions ................................................................ 174Line protection in a radial network......................................... 174Line protection in meshed network........................................ 176Setting characteristics ........................................................... 176

Time delayed residual overcurrent protection (TEF) ...................... 178Application .................................................................................. 178

Earth-fault overcurrent protection .......................................... 178Directional comparison logic function .................................... 179

Functionality ............................................................................... 179Theory of operation ............................................................... 179

Calculations ................................................................................ 182Setting instructions ................................................................ 182

Four step time delayed directional residual overcurrent protection (EF4) .......................................................... 186Application .................................................................................. 186Functionality ............................................................................... 186

ContentsTheory of operation ............................................................... 186Function logic ........................................................................ 186The directional measuring function........................................ 189Definite time overcurrent step 1............................................. 190Definite time overcurrent step 2 and 3................................... 191Overcurrent step 4................................................................. 191

Calculations ................................................................................ 192Settings.................................................................................. 192General .................................................................................. 192Step 1 .................................................................................... 192Step 2 and 3 .......................................................................... 195Step 4, non-directional........................................................... 196Inverse time delay ................................................................. 197Directional current function .................................................... 198Example of protection scheme .............................................. 199

Sensitive directional residual overcurrent protection (WEF1) .......... 200Application .................................................................................. 200Functionality................................................................................ 200Calculations ................................................................................ 203

Sensitive directional residual power protection (WEF2) .................. 207Application .................................................................................. 207Functionality................................................................................ 207Calculations ................................................................................ 211

Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFC) ......................................................... 215


Theory of operation ............................................................... 215Directional comparison logic function .................................... 215Blocking scheme ................................................................... 216Permissive overreach scheme............................................... 216

Design......................................................................................... 217Blocking scheme ................................................................... 217Permissive overreaching scheme.......................................... 218

Calculations ................................................................................ 218Setting ................................................................................... 218Blocking scheme ................................................................... 218Permissive communication scheme ...................................... 218

Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFCA) ........................................... 219

Application .................................................................................. 219Current reversal logic............................................................. 219Weak end infeed logic ........................................................... 219

Functionality................................................................................ 219Theory of operation ............................................................... 219Directional comparison logic function .................................... 219Fault current reversal logic .................................................... 220Weak and infeed logic ........................................................... 221

Design......................................................................................... 222Calculations ................................................................................ 223

Setting ................................................................................... 223Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) .................................... 224Application .................................................................................. 224

ContentsFunctionality ............................................................................... 224Calculations ................................................................................ 225

Breaker failure protection (BFP) ...................................................... 228Application .................................................................................. 228Functionality ............................................................................... 230

Input and output signals ........................................................ 231Start functions........................................................................ 231Measuring principles.............................................................. 231

Design ........................................................................................ 233Calculations ................................................................................ 234

Setting ................................................................................... 234Human-machine interface (HMI) ........................................... 234

Chapter 6 Voltage ......................................................................... 235

Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV) .................................. 236Application .................................................................................. 236Functionality ............................................................................... 236Design ........................................................................................ 237Calculations ................................................................................ 237

Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV) .................................... 238Application .................................................................................. 238Functionality ............................................................................... 238Design ........................................................................................ 238Calculations ................................................................................ 241

Setting ................................................................................... 241

Chapter 7 Power system supervision......................................... 243

Broken conductor check (BRC) ....................................................... 244Application .................................................................................. 244Functionality ............................................................................... 244Design ........................................................................................ 244Calculations ................................................................................ 245

Setting instructions ................................................................ 245Setting of the minimum operating current IP> ....................... 245Setting of time delay t ............................................................ 247

Loss of voltage check (LOV)............................................................ 248Application .................................................................................. 248Functionality ............................................................................... 248Design ........................................................................................ 248Calculations ................................................................................ 250

Setting instructions ................................................................ 250Overload supervision (OVLD).......................................................... 251

Application .................................................................................. 251Functionality ............................................................................... 251Design ........................................................................................ 251Calculations ................................................................................ 252Setting instructions ................................................................ 252Setting of operating current IP>............................................. 252

ContentsDead line detection (DLD)................................................................ 254Application .................................................................................. 254Design......................................................................................... 254Calculations ................................................................................ 255

Setting instructions ................................................................ 255

Chapter 8 Secondary system supervision.................................. 257

Current circuit supervision, current based (CTSU) .......................... 258Application .................................................................................. 258Functionality................................................................................ 258Calculations ................................................................................ 260

Setting instructions ................................................................ 260Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) ...................................................... 261


Negative sequence................................................................ 261Zero sequence ...................................................................... 262du/dt, di/dt .............................................................................. 265Logic ...................................................................................... 265

Calculations ................................................................................ 267Negative sequence function .................................................. 267Setting of negative sequence voltage 3U2> .......................... 267Setting of negative sequence current 3I2< ............................ 267Zero sequence function ......................................................... 268Setting of zero sequence voltage 3U0>................................. 268Setting of zero sequence current 3I0.............................................. 268Setting of current change DI

ContentsVoltage selection, single circuit breaker ................................ 285Voltage selection for a single bus and single bay.................. 286Voltage selection for a double bus and single bay ................ 287Phasing, double circuit breaker ............................................. 288Voltage connection, double circuit breaker and single bay ... 289

Functionality ............................................................................... 290Single circuit breaker ............................................................. 290Synchrocheck ........................................................................ 290Voltage selection ................................................................... 293Double circuit breaker............................................................ 295Synchrocheck ........................................................................ 295Phasing and synchrocheck, single circuit breaker................. 298Phasing and synchrocheck.................................................... 298Voltage selection ................................................................... 302Phasing and synchrocheck, double circuit breaker ............... 303Phasing and synchrocheck.................................................... 303

Calculations ................................................................................ 307Settings for single circuit breaker .......................................... 307Operation............................................................................... 307Input phase............................................................................ 307UMeasure .............................................................................. 307PhaseShift ............................................................................. 307URatio.................................................................................... 307USelection ............................................................................. 307AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 307ManDBDL .............................................................................. 308UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 308FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 308VTConnection........................................................................ 308tSync...................................................................................... 308Settings for double circuit breaker ......................................... 308Operation .............................................................................. 308Input phase............................................................................ 309UMeasure .............................................................................. 309PhaseShift ............................................................................. 309URatio.................................................................................... 309AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 309ManDBDL .............................................................................. 309UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 309FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 309tSync...................................................................................... 310Settings for single circuit breaker with phasing ..................... 310Operation............................................................................... 310Input phase............................................................................ 310PhaseShift ............................................................................. 310URatio.................................................................................... 310USelection ............................................................................. 310AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 310ManDBDL .............................................................................. 311UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 311FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 311

OperationSync....................................................................... 311ShortPulse ............................................................................. 311

ContentsFreqDiffSynch........................................................................ 311tPulse..................................................................................... 311tBreaker ................................................................................. 311VTConnection........................................................................ 311tSync...................................................................................... 311FreqDiffBlock ......................................................................... 311Settings for double circuit breaker with phasing .................... 312Operation............................................................................... 312Input phase............................................................................ 312PhaseShift ............................................................................. 312URatio.................................................................................... 312AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 312ManDBDL .............................................................................. 313UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 313FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 313FreqDiffSynch........................................................................ 313OperationSynch..................................................................... 313ShortPulse ............................................................................. 313tPulse..................................................................................... 313tBreaker ................................................................................. 313tSync...................................................................................... 313FreqDiffBlock ......................................................................... 313

Autorecloser (AR) ............................................................................ 314Application .................................................................................. 314Functionality................................................................................ 316

AR operation.......................................................................... 316Start and control of the auto-reclosing................................... 316Extended AR open time, shot 1 ............................................. 316Long trip signal ...................................................................... 317Reclosing programs............................................................... 317Blocking of a new reclosing cycle .......................................... 319Reclosing checks and Reclaim timer..................................... 319Pulsing of CB closing command............................................ 320Transient fault ........................................................................ 320Unsuccessful signal ............................................................... 320Permanent fault ..................................................................... 320Automatic confirmation of programmed reclosing attempts... 320

Calculations ................................................................................ 321Configuration and setting....................................................... 321Recommendations for input signals....................................... 321Recommendations for output signals .................................... 322Recommendations for multi-breaker arrangement ................ 324Settings.................................................................................. 326

Single command, 16 signals (CD) ................................................... 327Application .................................................................................. 327Design......................................................................................... 328Calculations ................................................................................ 329

Setting ................................................................................... 329Multiple command (CM)................................................................... 330

Application .................................................................................. 330Design......................................................................................... 330

General .................................................................................. 330

Binary signal interbay communication ................................... 330

ContentsCalculations ................................................................................ 331Settings.................................................................................. 331

Chapter 10 Logic............................................................................. 333

Tripping logic (TR) ........................................................................... 334Application .................................................................................. 334Functionality ............................................................................... 335Design ........................................................................................ 335

Three-phase front logic.......................................................... 336Phase segregated front logic................................................. 336Additional logic for 1ph/3ph operating mode ......................... 337Additional logic for 1ph/2ph/3ph operating mode .................. 338Final tripping circuits.............................................................. 339

Calculations ................................................................................ 340Pole discordance logic (PDc)........................................................... 341


Functionality for contact based pole discordance.................. 341Design ........................................................................................ 342Calculations ................................................................................ 344

Setting Instruction.................................................................. 344High speed binary output logic (HSBO)........................................... 345

Application .................................................................................. 345Functionality ............................................................................... 345Design ........................................................................................ 347

Communication channel test logic (CCHT)...................................... 350Application .................................................................................. 350Design ........................................................................................ 350

Selection of an operating mode............................................. 351Operation at sending end ...................................................... 351Operation at receiving end .................................................... 351

Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC12) ................................. 352Application .................................................................................. 352Design ........................................................................................ 352

Remote end data communication.......................................... 354Event function (EV).......................................................................... 355

Application .................................................................................. 355Functionality ............................................................................... 355Design ........................................................................................ 355

General.................................................................................. 355Double indication ................................................................... 356Communication between terminals ....................................... 356

Calculations ................................................................................ 357Event counter (CN) .......................................................................... 358


Reporting ............................................................................... 358Calculations ................................................................................ 358

ContentsChapter 11 Monitoring.................................................................... 359

Disturbance report ........................................................................... 360Application .................................................................................. 360

Requirement of trig condition for disturbance report .......... 360Functionality................................................................................ 360

Disturbance information......................................................... 361Indications ............................................................................. 362Event recorder ....................................................................... 362Fault locator ........................................................................... 362Trip values ............................................................................. 362Disturbance recorder ............................................................. 362Recording times..................................................................... 362Analog signals ....................................................................... 363Binary signals ........................................................................ 364Trigger signals ....................................................................... 364

Calculations ................................................................................ 365Settings during normal conditions.......................................... 365Operation............................................................................... 366Sequence number ................................................................. 366Recording times..................................................................... 367Binary signals ........................................................................ 367Analog signals ....................................................................... 367Behavior during test mode..................................................... 367

Indications........................................................................................ 369Application .................................................................................. 369Functionality................................................................................ 369Calculations ................................................................................ 370

Disturbance recorder (DR)............................................................... 371Application .................................................................................. 371Functionality................................................................................ 371

Recording Capacity ............................................................... 372Memory capacity ................................................................... 372Time tagging.......................................................................... 372Signal processing .................................................................. 372

Design......................................................................................... 373Calculations ................................................................................ 374

Event recorder (ER) ......................................................................... 376Application .................................................................................. 376Functionality................................................................................ 376Calculations ................................................................................ 376

Fault locator (FLOC) ........................................................................ 377Application .................................................................................. 377Functionality................................................................................ 377

Distance-to-fault locator......................................................... 377Measuring principle..................................................................... 378Accurate algorithm for measurement of distance to fault ........... 378The non-compensated impedance model .................................. 382Design......................................................................................... 383Calculations ................................................................................ 383

Trip value recorder (TVR) ................................................................ 385

Application .................................................................................. 385

ContentsDesign ........................................................................................ 385Calculations ................................................................................ 385

Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) .......................................... 386Application .................................................................................. 386Functionality ............................................................................... 386

User-defined measuring ranges ............................................ 387Continuous monitoring of the measured quantity .................. 387Continuous supervision of the measured quantity................. 388


Increased accuray of AC input quantities (IMA) .............................. 398Application .................................................................................. 398Functionality ............................................................................... 398

Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) ........................................... 399Application .................................................................................. 399Functionality ............................................................................... 399

User-defined measuring ranges ............................................ 399Continuous monitoring of the measured quantity .................. 400Continuous supervision of the measured quantity................. 401


Chapter 12 Metering ....................................................................... 411

Pulse counter logic for metering (PC).............................................. 412Application .................................................................................. 412Functionality ............................................................................... 412Design ........................................................................................ 413Calculations ................................................................................ 414

Setting ................................................................................... 414

Chapter 13 System protection and control functions ................. 415

Pole Slip Protection (PSP)............................................................... 416Application .................................................................................. 416

Oscillations of mechanical masses in power system............. 416Requirements on protection systems during pole slip conditions in network ................................................... 421

Functionality ............................................................................... 422Theory of operation ............................................................... 422Detection of the oscillations and transitions .......................... 425Tripping on way in and on way out ........................................ 428Close-in and remote end tripping areas ................................ 431

Design ........................................................................................ 431Detection of oscillations......................................................... 433Logic for cooperation with the line distance protection.......... 434Tripping criteria...................................................................... 436

Calculations ................................................................................ 443


Low active power protection (LAPP)................................................ 454

ContentsApplication .................................................................................. 454General .................................................................................. 454Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 454Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 455Breaker failure protection with transfer trip ............................ 455

Functionality................................................................................ 456General .................................................................................. 456Active power calculation ........................................................ 456Direction of active power ....................................................... 457Conditioning elements ........................................................... 458

Design......................................................................................... 458Calculation .................................................................................. 461

Setting instructions ................................................................ 461Setting example..................................................................... 462

Low active and reactive power protection (LARP)........................... 464Application .................................................................................. 464

General .................................................................................. 464Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 464Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 465Breaker failure protection with transfer trip ............................ 466

Functionality................................................................................ 466General .................................................................................. 466Active and reactive power calculation.................................... 467Direction of reactive power .................................................... 468Conditioning elements ........................................................... 468



High active power protection (HAPP) .............................................. 475Application .................................................................................. 475Functionality................................................................................ 475

General .................................................................................. 475Active power calculation ........................................................ 477Direction of active power ....................................................... 478



High active and reactive power protection (HARP).......................... 485Application .................................................................................. 485Functionality................................................................................ 486

General .................................................................................. 486Active and reactive power calculation.................................... 486Direction of reactive power .................................................... 487



Sudden change in phase current protection function (SCC1).......... 493Application .................................................................................. 493

General .................................................................................. 493

Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 493

ContentsLine connected shunt reactor ................................................ 494Breaker failure protection with transfer trip............................ 495

Functionality ............................................................................... 495General.................................................................................. 495Sudden change in current calculation ................................... 496

Design ........................................................................................ 496Calculation.................................................................................. 497


Sudden change in residual current protection function (SCRC) ...... 500Application .................................................................................. 500Functionality ............................................................................... 500Design ........................................................................................ 500Calculation.................................................................................. 502

Setting instructions ................................................................ 502Sudden change in voltage protection function (SCV) ...................... 503


General.................................................................................. 503Sudden change in voltage calculation ................................... 503


Setting instructions ................................................................ 505Overvoltage protection (OVP).......................................................... 507


General.................................................................................. 507Votage calculation ................................................................. 508



Accurate undercurrent protection function (UCP)............................ 513Application .................................................................................. 513

Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 513Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 514Breaker failure protection with transfer trip............................ 514

Functionality ............................................................................... 515Design ........................................................................................ 516Calculation.................................................................................. 517


Phase overcurrent protection (OCP) ............................................... 520Application .................................................................................. 520Functionality ............................................................................... 520Design ........................................................................................ 521Calculation.................................................................................. 523


Residual overcurrent protection (ROCP) ......................................... 526Application .................................................................................. 526

Functionality ............................................................................... 526

General.................................................................................. 526

ContentsCurrent calculation................................................................. 526Conditioning elements ........................................................... 526



Chapter 14 Data communication ................................................... 531

Remote end data communication .................................................... 532Application .................................................................................. 532

General .................................................................................. 532Design......................................................................................... 532Fibre optical module DCM-FOM ................................................. 534

Application ............................................................................. 534Design ................................................................................... 535Calculation............................................................................. 537

Galvanic interface ....................................................................... 537Application ............................................................................. 537Design ................................................................................... 540

Short range galvanic module DCM-SGM ................................... 541Application ............................................................................. 541

Short range fibre optical module DCM-SFOM ............................ 542Application ............................................................................. 542

Co-directional G.703 galvanic interface DCM-G.703.................. 545Application ............................................................................. 545

Carrier module ............................................................................ 545Application ............................................................................. 545Design ................................................................................... 546

Serial communication....................................................................... 547Serial communication, SPA ....................................................... 547

Application ............................................................................. 547Functionality .......................................................................... 548Design ................................................................................... 548Calculations ........................................................................... 549

Serial communication, IEC (IEC 60870-5-103 protocol) ............. 549Application ............................................................................. 549Functionality .......................................................................... 551Design ................................................................................... 551Calculation............................................................................. 553

Serial communication, LON ........................................................ 555Application ............................................................................. 555Functionality .......................................................................... 555Design ................................................................................... 555Calculations ........................................................................... 556

Serial communication modules................................................... 556SPA/IEC ................................................................................ 556LON ....................................................................................... 557

Chapter 15 Hardware modules ...................................................... 559

ContentsPlatform ........................................................................................... 560General ....................................................................................... 560Platform configuration................................................................. 5603/4x19" platform.......................................................................... 5611/2x19" platform.......................................................................... 562

Transformer module (TRM) ............................................................. 563A/D module (ADM)........................................................................... 566Main processing module (MPM) ...................................................... 568Input/Output modules ...................................................................... 570

General ....................................................................................... 570Binary input module (BIM) .......................................................... 572Binary output module (BOM) ...................................................... 573Binary I/O module (IOM)............................................................. 575

Power supply module (PSM) ........................................................... 577mA input module (MIM) ................................................................... 578Local LCD human machine interface (LCD-HMI) ............................ 579

Application .................................................................................. 57918 LED indication module (LED-HMI).............................................. 581

Application .................................................................................. 581Design ........................................................................................ 581LED indication function (HL, HLED) ........................................... 582

Application ............................................................................. 582Functionality .......................................................................... 582Calculation............................................................................. 593

Serial communication modules (SCM) ............................................ 594Design, SPA/IEC ........................................................................ 594Design, LON ............................................................................... 594

Data communication modules (DCM).............................................. 595

Contents

1About this chapter Chapter 1Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

About this chapterThis chapter introduces you to the manual as such.

2Introduction to the application manual Chapter 1Introduction

1 Introduction to the application manual

1.1 About the complete set of manuals for a terminalThe users manual (UM) is a complete set of four different manuals:

The Application Manual (AM) contains descriptions, such as application and functionality de-scriptions as well as setting calculation examples sorted per function. The application manual should be used when designing and engineering the protection terminal to find out when and for what a typical protection function could be used. The manual should also be used when calcu-lating settings and creating configurations.

The Technical Reference Manual (TRM) contains technical descriptions, such as function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameter tables and technical data sort-ed per function. The technical reference manual should be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase, installation and commissioning phase, and during the normal service phase.

The Operator's Manual (OM) contains instructions on how to operate the protection terminal during normal service (after commissioning and before periodic maintenance tests). The opera-tor's manual can be used to find out how to handle disturbances or how to view calculated and measured network data in order to determine the cause of a fault.

The Installation and Commissioning Manual (ICM) contains instructions on how to install and commission the protection terminal. The manual can also be used as a reference if a periodic test is performed. The manual covers procedures for mechanical and electrical installation, en-ergizing and checking of external circuitry, setting and configuration as well as verifying set-tings and performing a directional test. The chapters and sections are organized in the chronological order (indicated by chapter/section numbers) in which the protection terminal should be installed and commissioned.

1.2 About the application manualThe application manual contains the following chapters:

The chapter General describes the terminal in general. The chapter Common functions describes the common functions in the termi-

nal. The chapter Line distance describes the line distance functions in the terminal.

Applicationmanual

Technicalreference

manual

Installation andcommissioning

manual

Operatorsmanual

en01000044.vsd


The chapter Current describes the current protection functions. The chapter Voltage describes the voltage protection functions. The chapter Power system supervision describes the power system supervision

functions. The chapter Monitoring describes the monitoring functions. The chapter Metering describes the metering functions. The chapter System protection and control functionsdescribes the system pro-

tection and control functions. The chapter Data communication describes the data communication and the

associated hardware. The chapter Hardware modules describes the different hardware modules.

1.3 Intended audience

1.3.1 GeneralThe application manual is addressing the system engineer/technical responsible who is respon-sible for specifying the application of the terminal.

1.3.2 RequirementsThe system engineer/technical responsible must have a good knowledge about protection sys-tems, protection equipment, protection functions and the configured functional logics in the pro-tection.

1.4 Related documents

1.5 Revision notes

Documents related to REL 511*2.5 Identity number

Operator's manual 1MRK 506 165-UEN

Installation and commissioning manual 1MRK 506 167-UEN

Technical reference manual 1MRK 506 166-UEN

Application manual 1MRK 506 168-UEN

Buyer's guide 1MRK 506 164-BEN

Revision Description

B Minor updates in chapter:

Common functions/Configurable logic blocks (CL1) Line differential/Line differential protection, phase segregated (DIFL) Hardware/ Main processing module (MPM)


1.6 Glossary

AC Alternating Current

ACrv2 Setting A for programmable overvoltage IDMT curve, step 2

A/D converter Analog to Digital converter

ADBS Amplitude dead-band supervision

AIM Analog input module

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASCT Auxiliary summation current transformer

ASD Adaptive Signal Detection

AWG American Wire Gauge standard

BIM Binary input module

BLKDEL Block of delayed fault clearing

BOM Binary output module

BR Binary transfer receive over LDCM

BS British Standard

BSR Binary Signal Receive (SMT) over LDCM

BST Binary Signal Transmit (SMT) over LDCM

BT Binary Transfer Transmit over LDCM

C34.97

CAN Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial communi-cation

CAP 531 Configuration and programming tool

CB Circuit breaker

CBM Combined backplane module

CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephony. A United Nations sponsored standards body within the International Tele-communications Union.

CCS Current circuit supervision

CEM Controller area network emulation module

CIM Communication interface module

CMPPS Combined Mega Pulses Per Second

CO cycle Close-Open cycle

Co-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twisted pairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions

Contra-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves four twisted pairs of with two are used for transmitting data in both directions, and two pairs for transmitting clock signals


CPU Central Processor Unit

CR Carrier Receive

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRL POR carrier for WEI logic

CS Carrier send

CT Current transformer

CT1L1 Input to be used for transmit CT group 1line L1 in signal matrix tool

CT1L1NAM Signal name for CT-group 1line L1 in signal matrix tool

CT2L3 Input to be used for transmission of CT-group 2 line L3 to remote end

CT2N Input to be used for transmission of CT-group 2 neutral N to remote end.

CVT Capacitive voltage transformer

DAR Delayed auto-reclosing

db dead band

DBDL Dead bus dead line

DBLL Dead bus live line

DC Direct Current

DIN-rail Rail conforming to DIN standard

DIP-switch Small switch mounted on a printed circuit board

DLLB Dead line live bus

DSP Digital signal processor

DTT Direct transfer trip scheme

EHV network Extra high voltage network

EIA Electronic Industries Association

EMC Electro magnetic compatibility

ENGV1 Enable execution of step one

ENMULT Current multiplier used when THOL is used for two or more lines

EMI Electro magnetic interference

ESD Electrostatic discharge

FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech, data and protection signals

FOX 512/515 Access multiplexer

FOX 6Plus Compact, time-division multiplexer for the transmission of up to seven duplex channels of digital data over optical fibers

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array

FRRATED Rated system frequency

FSMPL Physical channel number for frequency calculation


G.703 Electrical and functional description for digital lines used by local tele-phone companies. Can be transported over balanced and unbalanced lines

G.711 Standard for pulse code modulation of analog signals on digital lines

GCM Communication interface module with carrier of GPS receiver module

GI General interrogation command

GIS Gas insulated switchgear.

GOOSE Generic Object Orientated Substation Event

GPS Global positioning system

GR GOOSE Receive (interlock)

HDLC protocol High level data link control, protocol based on the HDLC standard

HFBR connector type Fibre connector receiver

HMI Human-Machine Interface

HSAR High-Speed Auto-Reclosing

HV High voltage

HVDC High voltage direct current

HysAbsFreq Absolute hysteresis for over and under frequency operation

HysAbsMagn Absolute hysteresis for signal magnitude in percentage of Ubase

HysRelMagn Relative hysteresis for signal magnitude

HystAbs Overexcitation level of absolute hysteresis as a percentage

HystRel Overexcitation level of relative hysteresis as a percentage

IBIAS Magnitude of the bias current common to L1, L2 and L3

IDBS Integrating dead-band supervision

IDMT Minimum inverse delay time

IDMTtmin Inverse delay minimum time in seconds

IdMin Operational restrictive characteristic, section 1 sensitivity, multiple Ibase

IDNSMAG Magnitude of negative sequence differential current

Idunre Unrestrained prot. limit multiple of winding1 rated current

ICHARGE Amount of compensated charging current

IEC International Electrical Committee

IEC 186A

IEC 60044-6 IEC Standard, Instrument transformers Part 6: Requirements for pro-tective current transformers for transient performance

IEC 60870-5-103 Communication standard for protective equipment. A serial master/slave protocol for point-to-point communication

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEEE 802.12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twisted-pair or optical fiber cable


IEEE P1386.1 PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC) standard for local bus modules. References the CMC (IEEE P1386, also known as Common Mezzanine Card) stan-dard for the mechanics and the PCI specifications from the PCI SIG (Special Interest Group) for the electrical

EMF Electro magnetic force

IED Intelligent electronic device

I-GIS Intelligent gas insulated switchgear

IL1RE Real current component, phase L1

IL1IM Imaginary current component, phase L1

IminNegSeq Negative sequence current must be higher than this to be used

INAMPL Present magnitude of residual current

INSTMAGN Magnitude of instantaneous value

INSTNAME Instance name in signal matrix tool

IOM Binary Input/Output module

IPOSIM Imaginary part of positive sequence current

IPOSRE Real component of positve sequence current

IP 20 Enclosure protects against solid foreign objects 12.5mm in diameter and larger but no protection against ingression of liquid according to IEC60529. Equivalent to NEMA type 1.

IP 40 Enclosure protects against solid foreign objects 1.0mm in diameter or larger but no protection against ingression of liquid according to IEC60529.

IP 54 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) according to IEC 60529. Dust protected. Protected against splashing water. Equiva-lent to NEMA type 12.

Ip>block Block of the function at high phase current in percentage of base

IRVBLK Block of current reversal function

IRV Activation of current reversal logic

ITU International Telecommunications Union

k2 Time multiplier in IDMT mode

kForIEEE Time multiplier for IEEE inverse type curve

LAN Local area network

LIB 520

LCD Liquid chrystal display

LDCM Line differential communication module

LDD Local detection device

LED Light emitting diode

LNT LON network tool

LON Local operating network


MAGN Magnitude of deadband value

MCB Miniature circuit breaker

MCM Mezzanine carrier module

MIM Milliampere Input Module

MIP

MPPS

MPM Main processing module

MV Medium voltage

MVB Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally developed for use in trains

MVsubEna Enable substitution

NegSeqROA Operate angle for internal/external negative sequence fault discrimina-tor.

NSANGLE Angle between local and remote negative sequence currents

NUMSTEP Number of steps that shall be activated

NX

OCO cycle Open-Close-Open cycle

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCM Pulse code modulation

PISA Process interface for sensors & actuators

PLD Programmable Logic Device

PMC

POTT Permissive overreach transfer trip

PPS Precise Positioning System

Process bus Bus or LAN used at the process level, that is, in near proximity to the measured and/or controlled components

PSM Power supply module

PST Parameter setting tool

PT ratio Potential transformer or voltage transformer ratio

PUTT Permissive underreach transfer trip

R1A Source resistance A (near end)

R1B Source resistance B (far end)

RADSS Resource Allocation Decision Support System

RASC Synchrocheck relay, from COMBIFLEX range.

RCA Functionality characteristic angle

REVAL Evaluation software

RFPP Resistance of phase-to-phase faults


RFPE Resistance of phase-to-earth faults

RISC Reduced instruction set computer

RMS value Root mean square value

RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in point-to-point connections

RS485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485

RS530 A generic connector specification that can be used to support RS422, V.35 and X.21 and others

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

RTC Real Time Clock

SA Substation Automation

SC Switch or push-button to close

SCS Station control system

SLM Serial communication module. Used for SPA/LON/IEC communication

SMA connector Sub Miniature version A connector

SMS Station monitoring system

SPA Strmberg Protection Acquisition, a serial master/slave protocol for point-to-point communication

SPGGIO Single Point Gxxxxx Generic Input/Output

SRY Switch for CB ready condition

ST3UO RMS voltage at neutral point

STL1 Start signal from phase L1

ST Switch or push-button to trip

SVC Static VAr compensation

t1 1Ph Open time for shot 1, single phase

t1 3PhHS Open time for shot 1, high speed reclosing three phase

tAutoContWait Wait period after close command before next shot

tCBCLosedMin Minimum time that the circuit breaker must be closed before new sequence is permitted

tExtended t1 Open time extended by this value if Extended t1 is true

THL Thermal Overload Line cable

THOL Thermal overload

tInhibit Reset reclosing time for inhibit

tPulse Pulse length for single command ou

PID Control and Design

Documents

information product

hwsw product

product description

revision notes

voltage transformers

current transformers

intended audience

particular reproduction