Nir’s Notes Dear Music lovers, I am very happy to welcome back to our stage, the versatile violin virtuoso and former Concertmaster of the Santa Barbara Symphony, Gilles Apap. Gilles will perform with the orchestra Aram Khachaturian’s colorful Violin Concerto, a piece dedicated to the great Russian violinist David Oistrakh, which became one of the standard pieces in the 20th century violin repertoire. Prior to the Khachaturian, Gilles will play with us the world premiere of the Violin Concertino by Santa Barbara composer— Robin Frost. Modest Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition — one of the most brilliant and popular Symphonic works ever written, was born actually as a piano piece. The Russian composer wrote his piano work as a memory for his close friend — painter and architect — Viktor Hartmann, but this original piano score was published only 5 years after the composer’s death. While this piano version woke only little interest among pianists, over two dozen composers were obsessed with orchestrating it— quite a rare phenomenon! By far, the most famous orchestration is by Maurice Ravel, capturing, with a master technique, the mood of each piece from exquisite delicacy, profound atmosphere, to the glorious ending. Musically yours, Nir Kabaretti Music and Artistic Director Join Ramón Araïza for “Music Behind the Music” beginning one hour before each concert! Sponsored by Marlyn Bernard Bernstein The Santa Barbara Symphony 2010-2011 SEASON March 19-20, 2011 Nir Kabaretti, Conductor Gilles Apap, Violin FROST Concertino for Solo Violin (b. 1930) and Orchestra Moderate — Cadenza Slow — Cadenza Fast World Premiere KHACHATURIAN Violin Concerto in D minor (1903-1978) Allegro con fermezza Andante sostenuto Allegro vivace — INTERMISSION — MUSSORGSKY Pictures at an Exhibition (1839-1881) Promenade — The Gnome arr. Ravel Promenade — The Old Castle (1875-1937) Promenade — Tuileries Bydlo Promenade — Ballet of the Chicks in Their Shells Samuel Goldenberg and Schmuyle The Marketplace at Limoges — Catacombs, Roman Tombs Cum Mortuis in Lingua Mortua The Hut on Fowl’s Legs — The Great Gate of Kiev On the U pbeat MARCH 2011 • VOLUME 4, EDITION 5 Frank and Amanda Clark Frost ARTIST SPONSORS MEDIA SPONSORS CONCERT SPONSOR
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Pictures at an Exhibition On the Upbeat Program Notes
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Nir’s NotesDear Music lovers,
I am very happy to welcome back to our stage, the versatile violin virtuoso and former Concertmaster of the Santa
Barbara Symphony, Gilles Apap.Gilles will perform with the orchestra Aram
Khachaturian’s colorful Violin Concerto, a piece dedicated to the great Russian violinist David Oistrakh, which became one of the standard pieces in the 20th century violin repertoire.
Prior to the Khachaturian, Gilles will play with us the world premiere of the Violin Concertino by Santa Barbara composer— Robin Frost.
Modest Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition —one of the most brilliant and popular Symphonic works ever written, was born actually as a piano piece. The Russian composer wrote his piano work as a memory for his close friend — painter and architect—Viktor Hartmann, but this original piano score was published only 5 years after the composer’s death. While this piano version woke only little interest among pianists, over two dozen composers were obsessed with orchestrating it— quite a rare phenomenon! By far, the most famous orchestration is by Maurice Ravel, capturing, with a master technique, the mood of each piece from exquisite delicacy, profound atmosphere, to the glorious ending.
Musically yours,
Nir KabarettiMusic and Artistic Director
Join Ramón Araïza for “Music Behind the Music” beginning one hour before each concert! Sponsored by Marlyn Bernard Bernstein
The Santa Barbara Symphony2 0 1 0 - 2 0 11 S E A S O N
March 19-20, 2011Nir Kabaretti, Conductor
Gilles Apap, Violin
FROST ConcertinoforSoloViolin (b.1930) andOrchestra Moderate—Cadenza Slow—Cadenza Fast
ninewitha littlemoredesire thanks tomydearGabyGaglio,of theNiceConservatory,mydearDedeRobert,afriendofthefamily,mydearVedaReynoldsattheLyonConservatoryandofcourse,Marie-ClaudeApap,mycreatress,whobroughtmewithoutmyrequest,onPlanetEarth.But I thankher for it.Soanyway, these teachers taughtmehow toplaySevcikandKreutzeralmostintuneandconcertoswithvibratooneverynote,almostintune.Atthesametime, I listened to the late,greats—Fritzi,YehudiandZino.Learnedmoreaboutcrusty,oldJaschathroughthegreatNinaBodnar.
Robinwasespecially fortunate tomeet the lateEricZeislwhowasawell-establishedcomposerinAustriabeforecomingtoLosAngeles.TheyearsofprivatestudywithZeisl,untilhisuntimelydeathin1995,taughthimnotonlymusicbutalsolessonsindedicationandthatonelearnsandimprovesbyproducing.
ROBIN FROST (BORNIN1930)Concertino for Solo Violin and OrchestraComposedin1960-2010.WorldPremiere.Pairsofwoodwindsplusbassclarinetandaltosaxophone,twohorns,twotrumpets,twotrombones,timpani,glockenspiel,celesta,harpandstrings.Approximately14minutes.
The composer has kindly provided the following information for these performances:
ARAM KHACHATURIAN (1903-1978)Violin Concerto in D minorComposedin1940.PremieredonNovember16,1940inMoscow,withDavidOistrakhassoloist.Piccolo,twoflutes,twooboes,Englishhorn,twoclarinets,twobassoons,fourhorns,threetrumpets,threetrombones,tuba,timpani,percussion,harpandstrings.Approximately32minutes
AramKhachaturianwasoneoftheleadingcomposersoftheSovietUnionandthemostcelebratedmusicianofhisnativestateofArmenia.WhenhearrivedinMoscowin1921fromhishometownofTbilisi,hehadhadvirtuallynoformaltraininginmusic,buthistalentwassoonrecognized,andhewasadmittedtotheacademyofMikhailGnessin,astudentofRimsky-Korsakov.Khachaturian’sfirstpublishedworksdatefrom1926;threeyearslaterheenteredtheMoscowConservatory.HisinternationalreputationwasestablishedwiththesuccessofthePianoConcertoin1936,composedatthesametimethathebecameactiveinthenewlyfoundedUnionofSovietComposers,ofwhichhewaselectedDeputyChairmanoftheMoscowbranchin1937andDeputyPresidentoftheNationalOrganizingCommitteetwoyearslater.In1939,hereturnedtoliveforsixmonths inArmenia,wherehe immersedhimself in the folkmusicofhisboyhoodhome inpreparation forcomposingthe balletHappiness. Boris Schwarz noted that the composer’s synthesis of vernacular and cultivatedmusical styles inthatwork “represents the fulfillmentofabasicSovietartspolicy: the interpenetrationof regional folklorismand thegreatRussian tradition.”Khachaturian’scompositionalcolleagueDmitriKabalevskywrote, “Theespeciallyattractive featuresofKhachaturian’smusicareinitsrootsinnationalfolkfountainheads.ThecaptivatingrhythmicdiversityofdancesofthepeoplesofTranscaucasiaandtheinspiredimprovisationsoftheashugs[Armenia’snativebards]—sucharethesourcesfromwhichhavesprung thecomposer’screativeendeavors.Fromthe interlockingof these twoprinciples theregrewKhachaturian’ssymphonism—vividanddynamic,withkeencontrasts,nowenchantingintheirmellowlyricism,nowstirringintheirtensionanddrama.”Khachaturian remainedaproudandsupportiveArmenian throughouthis life, serving in1958as thestate’sdelegatetotheSupremeSovietoftheUSSR.“Mywholelife,everythingthatIhavecreated,belongstotheArmenianpeople,”heoncesaid.TheViolinConcertoof1940isimbuedwiththemusicofKhachaturian’sArmenianhomeland.
The Concerto’s opening movement is disposed in traditional sonata form, with two contrasting themes and a fulldevelopmentsection.Afterabriefintroductoryoutburstbytheorchestra,thesoloistpresentsananimatedmotifthatsoonevolves intoabounding,close-interval folkdance.Thistheme,punctuatedoncebythestrongorchestralchordsfromtheintroduction,continuesforsometimebeforeitgiveswaytoalyricalcomplementarystrainofnostalgicemotionalcharacter.Asthemovementunfolds,thesoloistisrequiredtodisplayonedazzlingtechnicalfeatafteranother,culminatinginahugecadenzathatservesasthebridgetotherecapitulation.Bothoftheearlierthemesarereturnedinelaboratedsettingstoroundoutthemovement.Thesecondmovementisinabroadthree-partdesignprefacedbyabassoonsolothatGrigoryShneerson,inhisstudyofKhachaturian,saidimitatedtheimprovisationsoftheArmenianashugs,orbards.Amelancholytuneoccupiesthemovement’soutersectionswhilethecentralportionismoreanimatedandrhapsodicinnature.Thefinaleisanirresistiblerondo,filledwithfestivebrilliance,blazingorchestralcolorandsparklingvirtuosity.
MODEST MUSSORGSKY (1839-1881)Pictures at an ExhibitionTranscribedforOrchestrabyMauriceRavel(1875-1937)Composedin1874;transcribedin1923.OrchestralversionpremieredonMay3,1923inParis,conductedbySergeiKoussevitzky.Piccolo,threeflutes,threeoboes,Englishhorn,twoclarinets,bassclarinet,twobassoons,contrabassoon,altosaxophone,fourhorns,threetrumpets,threetrombones,tuba,timpani,percussion,celesta,gong,twoharps,pianoandstrings.Approximately32minutes.
Intheyearsaround1850,withthespiritofnationalismsweepingacrossEurope,severalyoungRussianartistsbandedtogethertoridtheirartofforeigninfluencesinordertoestablishadistinctivenationalistcharacterfortheirworks.Leadingthismovementwasagroupofcomposersknownas“TheFive,”whosemembersincludedModestMussorgsky,NikolaiRimsky-Korsakov,AlexanderBorodin,CésarCuiandMilyBalakirev.AmongthealliesthatTheFivefoundinotherfieldswastheartistandarchitectVictorHartmann,withwhomMussorgskybecameclosefriends.Hartmann’sprematuredeathat39stunnedthecomposerandtheentireRussianartisticcommunity.VladimirStassov,anotedcriticandthejournalisticchampionoftheRussianartsmovement,organizedamemorialexhibitofHartmann’sworkinFebruary1874,anditwasundertheinspirationofthatshowingthatMussorgskyconceivedhisPictures at an Exhibition.Atthetimeoftheexhibit,MussorgskywasengagedinpreparationsforthefirstpublicperformanceofhisoperaBoris Godunov,andheonlybeganseriousworkonthepiecethefollowingsummer.
Themovementsmostlydepictsketches,watercolorsandarchitecturaldesignsshownpubliclyattheHartmannexhibit,thoughMussorgskybasedtwoorthreesectionsoncanvasesthathehadbeenshownprivatelybytheartistbeforehisdeath.Thecomposerlinkedhissketchestogetherwithamusical“Promenade”inwhichhedepictedhisownrotundselfshuffling—inanunevenmeter—fromonepicture to thenext.ThoughMussorgskywasnotgiven tomuchexcitementoverhisowncreations,hetookspecialdelightinthisone.EspeciallyinthemasterfultranscriptionfororchestrathatMauriceRaveldidin1922fortheParisianconcertsofconductorSergeiKoussevitzky,itisaworkofvividimpacttowhichlistenersandperformersalikecanreturnwithundiminishedpleasure.
Promenade.AccordingtoStassov,thisrecurringsectiondepictsMussorgsky“rovingthroughtheexhibition,nowleisurely,nowbrisklyinordertocomeclosetoapicturethathadattractedhisattention,and,attimessadly,thinkingofhisfriend.”The Gnome.Hartmann’sdrawingisforafantasticwoodennutcrackerrepresentingagnomewhogivesoffsavageshriekswhilehewaddlesaboutonshort,bandylegs.Promenade —The Old Castle.Atroubadour(representedbythesaxophone)singsadoleful lamentbeforea foreboding, ruinedancient fortress.Promenade —Tuileries.Mussorgsky’ssubtitle is “DisputeoftheChildrenafterPlay.”Hartmann’spictureshowsacornerofthefamousParisiangardenfilledwithnursemaidsandtheiryouthfulcharges.Bydlo. Hartmann’spicturedepictsaruggedwagondrawnbyoxen.Thepeasantdriversingsaplaintivemelody(solotuba)heardfirstfromafar,thenclose-by,beforethecartpassesawayintothedistance.Promenade — Ballet of the Chicks in Their Shells.Hartmann’scostumedesignforthe1871fantasyballetTrilbyshowsdancersenclosedinenormouseggshells,withonlytheirarms,legsandheadsprotruding.Samuel Goldenberg and Schmuyle.ThetitlewasgiventothemusicbyStassov.Mussorgskyoriginallycalledthismovement“TwoJews:onerich,theotherpoor.”ItwasinspiredbyapairofpicturesthatHartmannpresentedtothecomposershowingtworesidentsoftheWarsawghetto,onerichandpompous(aweightyunisonforstringsandwinds),theotherpoorandcomplaining(mutedtrumpet).MussorgskybasedboththemesonincantationshehadheardonvisitstoJewishsynagogues.The Marketplace at Limoges.Alivelysketchofabustlingmarket,withanimatedconversationsflyingamongthefemalevendors.Catacombs, Roman Tombs. Cum Mortuis in Lingua Mortua.Hartmann’sdrawingshowshimbeingledbyaguidewithalanternthroughcavernousundergroundtombs.Themovement’ssecondsection,bearingthetitle“WiththeDeadinaDeadLanguage,”isamysterioustransformationofthePromenadetheme.The Hut on Fowl’s Legs.Hartmann’ssketchisadesignforanelaborateclocksuggestedbyBabaYaga,thefearsomewitchofRussianfolklorewhoeatshumanbonesshehasgroundintopastewithhermortarandpestle.Shealsocanflythroughtheaironherfantasticmortar,andMussorgsky’smusicsuggestsawild,midnightride.The Great Gate of Kiev.Mussorgsky’sgrandconclusiontohissuitewasinspiredbyHartmann’splanforagatewayforthecityofKievinthemassiveoldRussianstylecrownedwithacupolaintheshapeofaSlavicwarrior’shelmet.Themajesticmusicsuggestsboththeimposingbulkoftheedifice(neverbuilt,incidentally)andabrilliantprocessionpassingthroughitsarches.TheworkendswithaheroicstatementofthePromenadethemeandajubilantpealingofthegreatbellsofthecity.
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