Picormatics Today’s goal: Give you an overview of some recent technological bioinformatics developments that can be applied to picornaviruses. Where possible.
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Picormatics
Today’s goal:
Give you an overview of some recent technological bioinformatics developments that can be applied to picornaviruses.
Where possible in less than a day's work, I have applied those techniques, as an example, to 'my' virus: R14.
This is concluded from a low number of cross pointers, high numbers of dead links and incomplete sites, and from a lack of update dates,contact addresses, references, etc.
Your community is not very bioinformatics oriented either.Example, www.iah.bbsrc.ac.uk holds a beautifully complete list of VP1 sequences, one-by-one....
Your 'simple' bioinformatics options
Many protein structuresMany protein sequences
This allows for structure based sequence alignments that are very precise, and therefore allow for novel sequence analysis techniques
This is top left corner of alignment of ~1000 sequences of ~300 residues
Correlated mutations
APGADSFGDFHKM Gray is conservedALGADSFRDFRRL Black is variableARGLDPFGMNHSI Red/green areAGGLDPFRMNRRV correlated mutations
Correlated mutations guarantee a function.
Function is determined by the position in the structure; not by the residue type.
Correlated mutations
Pilot indicates this works for VP1,2,3 too.
Correlated mutations and drug design
Correlated mutations and drug design
Correlations between residues and ligands.
Correlated mutations and drug design
Automatic structure comparison
Rhino 9Polio 2FMDV 1Mengo 1
Automatic structure comparison
Automatic structure comparison
Automatic structure comparison
R14 drug placed in R16
antagonistagonist
Automatic structure comparison
Example from nuclear hormone receptor drug design study
Back to sequences
First rule of sequence analysis:
If a residue is conserved, it is important.
Sequence analysis (continued)
Second rule of sequence analysis:
If a residue is very conserved, it is very important.
But what about the variable residues
20
Ei = pi ln(pi) i=1
Sequence variability is the number of residues that is present in more than 0.5% of all sequences.
But what about the variable residues
Entropy - Variability
Entropy = Information Variability = Chaos
11 main function
12 first shell around main function
22 core residues (signal transduction)
23 modulator
33 mainly surface
Entropy - Variability
Most information about mutations is carefully hidden in the literature.Automatic extraction of this information is no longer science-fiction.More than 90% of the 2226 mutations used for the previous few slides were extracted automatically from the literature. We extracted160 more mutations 'by hand'.
Problems are mainly related to protein/gene nomenclature, residue numbering, and unclear description of the effects.
About 1 in 5 (in a small manually checked subset) contained identifiable mutation information in the abstract. But unfortunately often with nomenclature that 'our' software doesn't understand yet.
Picorna mutation information
Now something totally different
Motion is the main ingredient for protein function. Even if that function is as 'dumb' as being a container for the RNA.
For example, all early Rhino directed drugs were aimed at reducing the mobility of its VP1…
The simulation of protein motion is normally called molecular dynamics, or MD.MD is commonly known as a very difficult technique for which you need the help of an army of mathematicians.That is no longer true.Dynamite (based on Bert de Groot's CONCOORD software) predicts protein motions via the WWW.
Protein dynamics calculation
Protein dynamics calculation
A short break for a word from our sponsors
LaerteOliveira
Our industrial sponsor:
FLORENCE
HORN
Wilma Kuipers Weesp Bob Bywater CopenhagenNora vd Wenden The HagueMike SingerNew HavenAd IJzermanLeidenMargot Beukers LeidenFabien Campagne New YorkØyvind Edvardsen TromsØ
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