YWT-1 PIC 16F84(A) Practical Part(1) – Basic Introduction To view the following file names with underline, press mouse’s left click. But your windows must have corresponding software. 1. .jpg files – need photo viewer software to view this images. 2. .avi files and .mp4 files - need video viewer software to view this video. 3. .rpp files – need Real PIC Simulator software to open this project files. When you place mouse pointer over these names for 2 seconds, detail file location will be appeared. Parts list to be used in circuits using project board from Chapter 1 to 3 Main PIC16F84A IC x 1 4 MHz (clock) crystal x 1 22pF ceramic disc capacitor x 2 4.7kΩ (or) 10KΩ resistor (½ Watt) x 1 Project Board x 1 network cable(CAT5) 4 inch x 3 (to use as connector wires) Accessories LED red x 8 330Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 8 Micro switch x 3 10kΩ resistor (½ Watt) x 3 Speaker(8Ω,0.2Watt) x 1 10μF capacitor x 1 Optional (not important) Transparent Red LED x 1 Transparent Orange LED x 1 Transparent Yellow LED x 1 Transparent Green LED x 1 Transparent Blue LED x 1 Transparent Violet LED x 1 Transparent Pink LED x 1 Transparent RGB color LED x 1 Transparent White LED x 1 Transparent White Short LED x 1 Yellow LED x 1 Green LED x 1 100Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 3 150Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 5 220Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 2 330Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 2 5V Power Adaptor (USB phone charger) x 1 USB cable( to use with phone charger) x 1
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YWT-1
PIC 16F84(A) Practical
Part(1) – Basic
Introduction
To view the following file names with underline, press mouse’s left click. But your
windows must have corresponding software.
1. .jpg files – need photo viewer software to view this images.
2. .avi files and .mp4 files - need video viewer software to view this video.
3. .rpp files – need Real PIC Simulator software to open this project files.
When you place mouse pointer over these names for 2 seconds, detail file
location will be appeared.
Parts list to be used in circuits using project board from Chapter 1 to 3
Main
PIC16F84A IC x 1
4 MHz (clock) crystal x 1
22pF ceramic disc capacitor x 2
4.7kΩ (or) 10KΩ resistor (½ Watt) x 1
Project Board x 1
network cable(CAT5) 4 inch x 3
(to use as connector wires)
Accessories
LED red x 8
330Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 8
Micro switch x 3
10kΩ resistor (½ Watt) x 3
Speaker(8Ω,0.2Watt) x 1
10µF capacitor x 1
Optional (not important)
Transparent Red LED x 1
Transparent Orange LED x 1
Transparent Yellow LED x 1
Transparent Green LED x 1
Transparent Blue LED x 1
Transparent Violet LED x 1
Transparent Pink LED x 1
Transparent RGB color LED x 1
Transparent White LED x 1
Transparent White Short LED x 1
Yellow LED x 1
Green LED x 1
100Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 3
150Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 5
220Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 2
330Ω resistor(½ Watt) x 2
5V Power Adaptor (USB phone charger) x 1
USB cable( to use with phone charger) x 1
YWT-2
Photo of require components(Parts list)
=>img_283.jpg
=>img_285.jpg
=>img_286.jpg
Internal Connection of Project Board
Image => ProjectBoard_Internal_Connection.jpg
If you want to use other color LED instead of red LED, the following resistor
values can be used. Resistor value may be change if size of LED change.
Use 150Ω resistor(½ Watt) for (Red, Orange, Yellow, Pink, Green) transparent
LED.
Use 330Ω resistor(½ Watt) for (Red, Yellow) normal LED.
Use 220Ω resistor(½ Watt) for (Green) normal LED.
Use 100Ω resistor(½ Watt) for (White, Violet, Blue) transparent LED.
Use 330Ω resistor(½ Watt) for RGB color transparent LED. While power on, this
LED always changes its color with (Red, Green and Blue) combination color.
Video file => MVI_0203.avi
Hidden lines on money can be seen with violet transparent LED.
Image => img_0158.jpg
img_0159.jpg
Supply 5V to PIC circuit on the project board
(1) You can supply PIC circuit directly from 5V power supply.
Image => img_0195.jpg
(OR)
(2) You can supply PIC circuit by 5V USB phone charger .Use modified USB
power cable.
Image =>img_0378.jpg
(OR)
YWT-3
(3) You can supply PIC circuit by 5V USB phone power bank(battery). Use
modified USB power cable.
Image =>img_0375.jpg
(OR)
(4) You can get 5V from 9V battery by using 7805 IC.
Image => img_0200.jpg
(OR)
(5) You can get 5V from DC 12V adaptor by using 7805 IC.
Image => img_0384.jpg
Prepare 12V adaptor to be used easily with project board
Step 1 – Cut 12V adaptor dc cable and strip wires.
Image => img_0380.jpg
Step 2 – Find two wire by using meter which are +12V and ground. Extend +12V
wire with red wire and extend ground wire with black wire.
Image => img_0381.jpg
Step 3 – use wire tape not to touch two joints each other.
Image => img_0382.jpg
YWT-4
7805
Vin Vout
Gnd9V(or)12V5V
+ +
__
Fig 1-1.Convert from 9V (or) 12V to 5V by using 7805 IC
Making modified USB power cable from bad usb mouse/keyboard
Step 1 – cut usb cable from bad usb mouse/keyboard and strip wires.
Image => img_0365.jpg
Step 2 – find two wire by using meter which are 5V and ground. Extend +5V wire
with red wire and extend ground wire with black wire.
Image => img_0368.jpg
img_0366.jpg
Step 3 – use wire tape not to touch two joints each other.
Image => img_0370.jpg
Supply 5V to PIC Board
(1) You can supply PIC Board directly from 5V USB phone charger.
Image => img_0289.jpg
(OR)
YWT-5
(2) You can supply PIC board by 5V USB phone charger .Use modified USB power
cable.
Image => img_0373.jpg
img_0374.jpg
(OR)
(3) You can supply PIC Board directly from 5V USB phone power bank.
Image => img_0364.jpg
(OR)
(4) You can supply PIC board by 5V USB phone power bank. Use modified USB
power cable.
Image => img_0371.jpg
img_0372.jpg
(OR)
(5) You can supply PIC board directly from 5V power supply.
Image => img_0196.jpg
(OR)
(6) You can get 5V from 9V battery by using 7805 IC.
Image => img_0287.jpg
(OR)
(7) You can get 5V from DC 12V adaptor by using 7805 IC.
Image => img_0385.jpg
img_0387.jpg
Warning – Do not use Computer’s USB port to get 5V for this board. It can
damage the computer due to error of short circuit by board error or user error.
Prepare PIC to be ready to work with input/output pins
To run a PIC, need some steps.
Step 1 –Connect Vdd pin to +5V and Vss pin to ground. In pic16f84 Vdd pin is 14
and Vss pin is 5.
YWT-6
Step 2 -Connect MCLR pin to +5V using 4.7kΩ(or 10kΩ) resistor. In pic16f84, MCLR
pin is 4.
Step 3 -Some modern PIC can run without external clock because they have built-
in (internal) clock(oscillator).But pic16F84 need external clock circuit (in this
example, use one 4MHz crystal and two of 22pf capacitor to operate as 4Mhz
external clock circuit.).
Connect OSC1 and OSP2 pins with the clock circuit. In pic16f84, OSC1 pin
is 16 and OSC2 pin is 15.
Now,pic16F84 is in running mode and any input/output pins can be used.
Image => img_0023.jpg
img_0195.jpg
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7KΩ
(or)
10KΩ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
Fig 1-2.Basic PIC configuration with Crystal oscillator mode.
YWT-7
Fig 1-3 - PIC 16F84 with 8 LED(colour) PCB Board
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7KΩ
+5
VG
nd
3x4 Project Board
3x3 Project Board
+5V
USB
connector
For
5V power
Screw
connector
330Ω RGB
LED
100Ω Blue
LED
100Ω Violet
LED
150Ω Pink
LED
Green
LED
Ground
Jumper
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84A (or) PIC 16F84
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
RA1RA0 RA2 RA3 RA4
connector
connector connector
150Ω
150Ω
150Ω
Yellow
LED
Orange
LED
Red
LED
+5V in/out
Gnd
150Ω
+5V
R
The value of R may be vary depend upon the color, size and type of LED.
By Ohm Law(V=IR) => R = V/I =>So, Resistance for LED=(Supply Voltage – LED
Voltage)/LED current
If ( red, orange, yellow, pink, green ) transparent LED use 2V & 20mA,
R=(5V-2V)/20mA = 150Ω,so 150Ω resistor can be used.
YWT-8
If (white, violet, blue) transparent LED use 3V & 20mA, R=(5V-3V)/20mA =
100Ω, so 100Ω resistor can be used.
If (red, yellow) LED use 1.5V & 10mA, R=(5V-1.5V)/10mA = 350Ω, so 330Ω
resistor can be used.
If RGB color LED use 1.5V & 10mA, R=(5V-1.5V)/10mA = 350Ω, so 330Ω
resistor can be used.
If green LED use 2V & 15mA, R=(5V-2V)/15mA = 200Ω, so 220Ω resistor
can be used.
If LED size is larger , more current may be needed. So the required resistor
value may be smaller.
This PCB contain
(1) Basic PIC circuit as shown in Fig 1.1
(2) Connect all PORTB pins with color LED.( to use as binary display for
up/down counter, Temperature sensor, Light sensor, Timer circuits, etc… )
(3) Connect all PORTA pins with connectors.( to use with other components
and circuits )
(4) 3x3 project board , 3x4 project board , +5V(1) connectors and Ground(0)
connectors. (to use as external project board for adding a few
components.)
(5) USB connector and screw connector to get 5V power.
This PCB board can be used with PIC16F84, PIC16F84A, PIC16F627, PIC16F627A,
PIC16F628, PIC16F628A.
Datasheet for PIC16F84A => PIC16F84A_DataSheet.pdf
Datasheet for PIC16F627A, PIC16F628A => PIC16F628A_Datasheet.pdf
Image => IMG_1942.jpg
IMG_1943.jpg
IMG_0005.jpg
IMG_0004.jpg
Image with ZIF => IMG_0003.jpg
IMG_0022.jpg
Image with red LED => IMG_0021.jpg
YWT-9
Chapter (1)
OUTPUT with LED
In PIC 16F84 or PIC 16F627A, any I/O pin from PortA(RA0,RA1,RA2,RA3,RA4) and
any I/O pin from PortB (RB0 ,RB1 ,RB2 ,RB3, RB4, RB5, RB6,RB7) can be use
separately as input or output as you like. But you must declare them as input or
output before use them. To assign input or output pins for portA, we use TRISA
(Tri-state A) register, and TRISB (Tri-state B) register for portB. If we assign pins
for neither input nor output, the program assume these pins as output.
Fig 1-4
For example ,in Fig 1-4, assign RA0,RA1,RA4 as input(mark by "1") and
RA2,RA3 as output(mark by "0"),so enter binary (0b00010011) or hexa (0x13) or
decimal(19) to TRISA.
After assigning as output pins, if you enter that these pins to "logic 1",they
will become 5V.And if you enter these pins to "logic 0",they will become 0V.Input
pins can be neglect when enter values to output pins. In Fig 1-4, enter PORTA to
8(or 0b00001000 or 0x08) to become RA2 to 0V and RA3 to 5V.
Fig 1-5 is for PORTB with TRISB=0xF0; and PORTB=0x03;
TRISA
0x85
PORTA
0x05
RA0RA1RA2RA3RA4
0 0 111xxx
oi iio
01xxx
5VG
0 11
(LSB)
0V5V5V
RA0RA1RA2RA3RA4 (LSB)
TRISB
0x86
PORTB
0x06
RB0(LSB)RB1RB2RB3RB4
RB0(LSB)RB1RB2RB3RB4
0 01
oi o
0 11
0 0111
o oiii
0 1
5V
RB5RB6RB7
RB5RB6RB7
00 1
5V0V0V5V5VGG
YWT-10
Example 1-0 => After burning Exp1_0.hex to PIC, PortB’s RB0 pin will be assign
as output pin and produce 5V( logic “1” ).So, the red LED will be ON.
Fig 1-6
Exp1_0.c
According to “TRISB=0;” , all of 8 bits in TRISB register will be fill with “0”
and it means that it declare that all of 8 pins in PORTB(RB0 to RB7) will be used
as output pins.
In, “PORTB=1” , convert “1” to binary is “0000 0001”.So last bit(bit 0=RB0)
of PORTB will be “1” and it mean that RB0 pin will produce 5V.
When logic “1”, RB0 pin produce 5V which exceed Red LED’s normal
working voltage(1.5V with 10mA) and the LED may be burn.
Therefore, a resistor is needed to reduce 5V to 1.5V.The require resistance
is (Total Volt-LED Volt)/(LED current) = (5-1.5)/10m=350 ,So 330 Ohm resistor can
be used.
Fig 1-7 . Complete circuit diagram for example 1-0 and 1-1
330 Ohm Red LED
RB0
main()
TRISB=0;
PORTB=1;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7KΩ
(or)
10KΩ
330
OhmRed
LED
YWT-11
Creating my first very simple program of Exp1-0 and burn(write) it to a PIC
Step 1 – install MikroC to write C program.
Video => InstallMikroC.avi
Step 2 - write a program with mikroC and compile it to be a hex file.
Video => CreatingHex.avi
In our circuit,we use pic16f84A and 4MHz crystal. So, in this video file, I
select pic16f84A in device section and 004.0000 in clock. And click default button
for default setting and click OK .
After creating hex file, you can also use that hex file virtually with Simulator
softwares (such as Real PIC Simulator, PIC Simulator IDE) without using real PIC
and real electronics components.PIC Simulator IDE will explain in coming
example of Exp1_3.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Install.mp4
RealPicSimulator_Exp1_0.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp1_0.rpp
Step 3(i) - If your PIC programmer is GTP-USB Board-
- Install WinPic800 only on Windows XP to burn(write) into PIC.
- Copy winpic800 folder to desktop.
- Then connect usb cable of programmer to computer and install driver.
- Then run winpic800.exe file.
Video => InstallWinPic800.avi
Step 3(ii) - If your PIC programmer is PicKit3 Device-
- Microsoft dotNet Framework 4 must be installed first .This exe file already
contain in that installation folder. If not, you can download from Microsoft.
- Then, install PicKit3 programmer application software on Windows XP or
Windows 7 to burn(write) into PIC.
Video => InstallPicKit3.mp4
Step 4 (i)- If your PIC programmer is GTP-USB Board-
- write that hex file to a PIC(pic16F84A) by using a PIC programmer device
and software. Notice Jumper position.
YWT-12
Image => DeviceConnection.jpg
JumperConnection.jpg
DeviceConnection_ZIF.jpg
JumperConnection_ZIF.jpg
Video => DetectPIC16F84A.avi
BurnToPIC.avi
Step 4 (ii)- If your PIC programmer is PicKit3 Device -
- write that hex file to a PIC(pic16F84A) by using a PIC programmer device
and software. Notice Jumper position.
Image => DeviceConnectionPicKit3_1.jpg
DeviceConnectionPicKit3_2.jpg
DeviceConnectionPicKit3_3.jpg
JumperConnectionPicKit3.jpg
JumperConnectionPicKit3_2.jpg
Video => DetectPIC16F84AwithPicKit3.mp4
BurnToPICwithPicKit3.mp4
Note– In this video , we use GTP-USB Board and PicKit3 as PIC programmer
device and WinPIC800 and PicKit3 programmer application as PIC programmer
software. If you use another type of PIC programmer and programmer software,
step 3 and 4 may be different. You can buy pickit3 programmer from “Circuit
World Electronics shop”, Mandalay. Phone-09-6800396 .
Step 5 – Then, insert the PIC and required electronics components to project
board as shown in Fig1-7. The LED will be ON.
Image => BeforeProgramBurn.jpg
AfterProgramBurn.jpg
Making my GTP-USB PIC Programmer
If you want to burn GTP_USB.hex file to new PIC18F2550(24 pin) for your
new GTP-USB PIC programmer PCB board, change jumper position and burn.
Image => NewPICandBoard.jpg
BurnPic18F2550.jpg
BurnPic18F2550_JumperConnection.jpg
BurnPic18F2550_ZIF_JumperConnection.jpg
YWT-13
Video => DetectPIC18F2550.avi
BurnPic18F2550.avi
If you want to burn into PIC16F877(40 pin),jumper position must be same
as in PIC18F2550(24 pin).
Image => BurnPic16F877.jpg
BurnPic16F877_JumperConnection.jpg
BurnPic16f877_ZIF.jpg
BurnPic16F877_ZIF_JumperConnection.jpg
Pic16F877withPicKit3JumperConnection
DetectPic16F877withPicKit3.jpg
Video => DetectPIC16F877.avi
If found 16F877 in detection, then burn into it.
Some available PIC and ZIF(Zero Insertion Force) sockets
Image => SomePIC.jpg
GTP-USB programmer and adaptor bottom view
Image => IMG_0362.jpg
IMG_0363.jpg
Circuit diagram of GTP_USB => USB_PIC_SCH.pdf
Example 1-1 => Example 1-1 uses the same circuit in example 1-0 (Fig 1-7). This
program will blink LED in every second. 0.5 second ON and 0.5 second OFF.
Fig 1-6
Exp1_1.c
330 Ohm Red LED
RB0
main()
TRISB = 0xFE ; while(1)
PORTB = 0x01; Delay_ms(500);
PORTB = 0x00; Delay_ms(500);
YWT-14
Explanation
TRISB=0xFE; => put the hexa-decimal value of FE to TRISB register.
Hexa FE(0xFE) = Binary 1111 1110(0b11111110) = Decimal 254(254).
So you can replace TRISB=0xFE; with TRISB=0b11111110; (or) TRISB=254;
You can use windows 7 built-in calculator with programmer mode to change
hexa => binary,octa,decimal video => HexToOthersWithWin7Calc.mp4
Binary => hexa,octa,decimal video => BinToOthersWithWin7Calc.mp4
Decimal => binary, hexa, octa video => DecToOthersWithWin7Calc.mp4
According to this statement, last bit(bit 0) of TRISB register which is assigned to
RB0 is 0 and other bits(bit 1 to 7 which is assigned to RB1 to RB7) are 1.That
mean that this program declare RB0 pin as output and declare RB1 to RB7 pins
as input.
While(1) Process 1; Process 2; Process 3;etc.. => means that the program
lines between “ “ and “” will do repeat and repeat forever.
Eg. Will do =>Process 1; Process 2; Process 3;etc.. Process 1; Process 2;
Process 3; etc..Process 1; Process 2; Process 3;etc.. Process 1; Process 2;
Process 3;etc… until program stop.
PORTB=0x01; => put the hexa-decimal value of 01 to PORTB register.
Hexa 01(0x01) = Binary 0000 0001(0b00000001) = Decimal 1(1).
So you can replace PORTB=0x01; with PORTB=0b00000001; (or) PORTB=1;
This command made output pin RB0(last bit or bit 0 of PortB) to logic “1”.While
RB0 pin is “1”, that pin produce 5V.
Delay_ms(500); => the program will be in waiting state for 500 mili-seconds.
1000 mili-seconds = 1 seconds
PORTB=0x00; => put the hexa-decimal value of 00 to PORTB register.
YWT-15
Hexa 01(0x00) = Binary 0000 0000(0b00000001) = Decimal 0(0).
So you can replace PORTB=0x00; with PORTB=0b00000000; (or) PORTB=0;
This command made output pin RB0(last bit or bit 0 of PortB) to logic “0”.While
RB0 pin is “0”, that pin produce 0V or connect internally with ground.
In Brief,
At the first of program, declare RB0 as output.
Step 1 to 4 are in while(1) loop. So, step 1 to 4 will do in sequence and repeatedly
forever.
Step 1 – RB0 become logic “1” and produce 5V.So LED will ON.
Step 2- wait for 500 mili-second (or) 0.5 second. During this time, the
program do nothing. So, LED will still ON.
Step 3 - RB0 become logic “0” and produce 0V.So LED will OFF.
Step 4- wait for 500 mili-second (or) 0.5 second. During this time, the
program do nothing. So, LED will still OFF.
So, while running this program, LED at RB0 will blink in every second.
Example 1-1 also use circuit diagram in Fig 1-7.
You can run Example 1-1 with Real PIC Simulator.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp1_1.mp4
RealPicSimulator_Exp1_1Osc.mp4 (with Oscilloscope)
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp1_1.rpp
Exp1_1_Osc.rpp (with Oscilloscope)
You can run Example 1-1 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC.
7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
YWT-16
This section shows Example 1-1 circuit with various color of LED.
Image => IMG_0206.jpg (Red LED with 330 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0204.jpg (Red LED with 330 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0207.avi (Red LED with 330 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0210.jpg (Green LED with 220 Ohm, OFF)
Video => MVI_0211.avi (Green LED with 220 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0208.jpg (Yellow LED with 330 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0209.avi (Yellow LED with 330 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0216.jpg (Red Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0215.jpg (Red Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0218.avi (Red Transparent LED with 150 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0216.jpg (Orange Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0220.jpg (Orange Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0219.avi (Orange Transparent LED with 150 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0216.jpg (Yellow Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0221.jpg (Yellow Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0222.avi (Yellow Transparent LED with 150 Ohm)
YWT-17
Image => IMG_0216.jpg (Green Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0223.jpg (Green Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0224.avi (Green Transparent LED with 150 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0229.jpg (Blue Transparent LED with 100 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0226.jpg (Blue Transparent LED with 100 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0225.avi (Blue Transparent LED with 100 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0229.jpg (Violet Transparent LED with 100 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0230.jpg (Violet Transparent LED with 100 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0231.avi (Violet Transparent LED with 100 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0216.jpg (Pink Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0233.jpg (Pink Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0232.avi (Pink Transparent LED with 150 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0229.jpg (White Transparent LED with 100 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0234.jpg (White Transparent LED with 100 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0235.avi (White Transparent LED with 100 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0214.jpg (White Short Transparent LED with 220 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0213.jpg (White Short Transparent LED with 220 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0212.avi (White Short Transparent LED with 220 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0201.jpg (RGB color Transparent LED with 330 Ohm, OFF)
YWT-18
IMG_0202.jpg (RGB color Transparent LED with 330 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0203.avi (RGB color Transparent LED with 330 Ohm)
You can run Example 1-1 on Project board with 5V power supply.
This section shows Example 1-1 circuit with various color of LED.
Image => IMG_0025.jpg (Red LED with 330 Ohm, OFF)
IMG_0181.jpg (Red LED with 330 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0031.avi (Red LED with 330 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0033.jpg (Red Transparent LED with 150 Ohm, OFF)
Video => MVI_0034.avi (Red Transparent LED with 150 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0036.jpg (White Transparent LED with 100 Ohm, ON)
Video => MVI_0037.avi (White Transparent LED with 100 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0182.jpg (RGB color Transparent LED with 330 Ohm)
You can run Example 1-1 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Video => MVI_0291.avi
YWT-19
Example 1-2 => Exp1_2.c will blink two LED alternatively with 500 mili-seconds
delay. Exp1_2_2.c will "on" two LED(LED1&LED2=01,10,11,00) with 1000 mili-
seconds(1 second) delay.
Fig 1-8
Exp1_2.c Exp1_2_2.c
Fig 1-9 . Complete circuit diagram for example 1-2 and 1-2-2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7KΩ
(or)
10KΩ
330
Ohm Red LED 2
330
OhmRed LED 1
330 Ohm Red LED 2
RB1
330 Ohm Red LED 1
RB0
main()
TRISB = 0xFC; while(1)
PORTB = 0x01; Delay_ms(500);
PORTB = 0x02; Delay_ms(500);
main()
TRISB=252; while(1)
PORTB=1; Delay_ms(1000); PORTB=2;
Delay_ms(1000); PORTB=3; Delay_ms(1000);
PORTB=0; Delay_ms(1000);
YWT-20
You can run Example 1-2 with Real PIC Simulator.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp1_2.mp4
RealPicSimulator_Exp1_2Osc.mp4 (with Oscilloscope)
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp1_2.rpp
Exp1_2Osc.rpp (with Oscilloscope)
You can run Example 1-2 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC.
7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
This section shows Example 1-2 circuit with various color of LED.
Image => IMG_0237.jpg (Two Red LED with 330 Ohm)
Video => MVI_0238.avi (Two Red LED with 330 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0240.jpg ( Red(use 330 Ohm) and Green(use 220 Ohm) LED )
Video => MVI_0241.avi ( Red(use 330 Ohm) and Green(use 220 Ohm) LED )
You can run Example 1-2 on Project board with 5V power supply.
This section shows Example 1-2 circuit with various color of LED.
Image => IMG_0052.jpg ( Red(use 330 Ohm) and Green(use 220 Ohm) LED )
IMG_0053.jpg ( Red(use 330 Ohm) and Green(use 220 Ohm) LED )
Video => MVI_0054.avi ( Red(use 330 Ohm) and Green(use 220 Ohm) LED )
YWT-21
Image => IMG_0043.jpg (Red(use 330 Ohm) and Yellow(use 330 Ohm) LED )
IMG_0048.jpg (Red(use 330 Ohm) and Yellow(use 330 Ohm) LED )
Video => MVI_0050.avi ( Red(use 330 Ohm) and Yellow(use 330 Ohm) LED )
Image => IMG_0039.jpg (Red(150 Ohm) and Yellow(150 Ohm) Transparent LED )
IMG_0040.jpg (Red(150 Ohm) and Yellow(150 Ohm) Transparent LED )
IMG_0041.jpg (Red(150 Ohm) and Yellow(150 Ohm) Transparent LED )
Video => MVI_0042.avi ( Red(150 Ohm) and Yellow(150 Ohm) Transparent LED )
You can run Example 1-2 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Video => MVI_0292.avi
You can run Example 1-2-2 with Real PIC Simulator.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp1_2_2.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp1_2_2.rpp
You can run Example 1-2-2 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Video => MVI_0055.avi ( Red(use 330 Ohm) and Green(use 220 Ohm) LED )
You can run Example 1-2-2 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Video => MVI_0293.avi
YWT-22
main()
char i,j;
TRISB = 0x00;
while(1)
j=1;
for(i=1;i<=8;i++)
PORTB = j;
j = j<<1;
Delay_ms(50);
Example 1_3 will run 8 LEDs from right to left(LED1 to LED8) by 1.
Fig 1-10
Explanation Exp1_3.c
At first of while loop, j=1; => j is 0000 0001, so only last bit (bit 0) will be “1”.
In for loop, i start with 1 and increase by 1 then end at 8.So this loop will do 8
times.
In for loop, put value of j to portB, so only RB0 will be ON because j is 00000001.
j=j<<1; => left shift j by 1 and override the new result to j. So, left shift 0000 0001
by 1 get 0000 0010. Then put this value to j. So, j’s current value is 0000 0010.
j=j<<1;(in binary) is same with j=jx2;(in decimal).
Delay_ms(50); => wait for 50 mili-seconds.
Then, repeat the first line of for loop with j value of 0000 0010. So, only RB1 will
be ON.then,left shift by 1, so j=00000100 ,50mili second delay,
Then repeat and this time, only RB2 will on.. till only RB7 will On and finish for
loop. Then repeat the first line of while loop … and while loop will do forever.
RB4
RB6
330 Ohm Red LED 1
RB0
330 Ohm
RB1
330 Ohm
RB2
330 Ohm
RB3
330 Ohm
330 Ohm
RB5
330 Ohm
330 Ohm
RB7
Red LED 2
Red LED 3
Red LED 4
Red LED 5
Red LED 6
Red LED 7
Red LED 8
YWT-23
main()
char i,j;
TRISB = 0x00;
while(1)
j=1;
for(i=1;i<=8;i++)
PORTB = j;
j = j<<2;
Delay_ms(50);
main()
char i,j;
TRISB = 0x00;
while(1)
j=128;
for(i=1;i<=8;i++)
PORTB = j;
j = j>>1;
Delay_ms(50);
Example1_3_2.c will run 8 LEDs from right to left(LED1 to LED8) by 2.
Example1_3_3.c will run 8 LEDs from left to right(LED8 to LED1) by 1.
Exp1_3_2.c Exp1_3_3.c
Explanation
Exp1-3-2
j=1; => 0000 0001 in binary … j=j<<2; => left shift by 2 => 0000 0100
j=j<<2;(in binary) is same with j=jx4;(in decimal).
Exp1-3-3
j=128; => 1000 0000 in binary .. j=j>>1; => right shift by 1 => 0100 0000
j=j>>1;(in binary) is same with j=j/2;(in decimal).
YWT-24
Fig 1-10 . Complete circuit diagram for example 1-3 and 1-3-2 and 1-3-3
You can run Example 1-3 with Real PIC Simulator.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp1_3.mp4
RealPicSimulator_Exp1_3Osc.mp4 (with Oscilloscope)
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp1_3.rpp
Exp1_3Osc.rpp (with Oscilloscope)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7KΩ
(or)
10kΩ
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
Red LED 2
330
OhmRed LED 1
Red LED 3
Red LED 4
Red LED 5
Red LED 6
Red LED 7
Red LED 8
YWT-25
PIC Simulator IDE Software
PIC Simulator IDE software is also a PIC simulator that can watch the changes of
Special Function Registers (SFRs) and General Purpose Registers (GPRs) of PIC
while running program in Hex file.
Special Function Registers and PIC’s internal hardware functions have exact
relations. For example, if you set TRISB register to 0 and PORTB register to 255,
all PortB pins(RB0 to RB7) will produce 5V.
You can see the value of TRISB and changing values of PORTB register in Hex
and Graphical form of bit by bit while running hex file in PIC simulator IDE.
PIC Simulator IDE installation video => PicSimulatorIDE_Install.mp4
Run Example 1_3 in PIC Simulator IDE video => PicSimulatorIDE_Exp1_3.mp4
You can run Example 1-3 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC.
7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0070.jpg ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
IMG_0077.jpg ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
Video => MVI_0080.avi ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0121.jpg ( color LED )
Video => MVI_0122.avi ( color LED )
You can run Example 1-3 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0056.jpg ( Red LED with 330 Ohm-before connecting wires)
IMG_0059.jpg ( Red LED with 330 Ohm-before connecting wires)
IMG_0060.jpg ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
YWT-26
IMG_0064.jpg ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
Video => MVI_0065.avi ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
Image => IMG_0127.jpg ( color Transparent LED )
Video => MVI_0130.avi ( color Transparent LED )
You can run Example 1-3 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Video => MVI_0294.avi ( color LED )
MVI_0295.avi ( with ZIF )
MVI_0296.avi ( Red LED )
You can run Example 1-3-2 with Real PIC Simulator.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp1_3_2.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp1_3_2.rpp
You can run Example 1-3-2 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC.
7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Video => MVI_0079.avi ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
MVI_0123.avi ( color LED )
You can run Example 1-3-2 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Video => MVI_0066.avi ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
MVI_0129.avi ( color LED )
YWT-27
You can run Example 1-3-2 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Video => MVI_0298.avi ( color LED )
MVI_0297.avi ( Red LED )
You can run Example 1-3-3 with Real PIC Simulator.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp1_3_3.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp1_3_3.rpp
You can run Example 1-3-3 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC.
7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Video => MVI_0075.avi ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
MVI_0124.avi ( color LED )
You can run Example 1-3-3 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Video => MVI_0067.avi ( Red LED with 330 Ohm)
MVI_0128.avi ( color LED )
You can run Example 1-3-3 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Video => MVI_0300.avi ( color LED )
MVI_0299.avi ( Red LED )
YWT-28
CHAPTER (2)
INTPUT with Push Button
Example 2-1 and Example 2-2 with Fig 2-1.
Exp2_1.c
Fig 2-1 .s1 is normal =0, pressed =1 type
switch
Exp2_2.c
In Fig 2-1, Red LED will ON when RB0 pin is “1”(5V).
Before S1 press, RA0 is only connected to ground(0V) through 10K Ohm resistor,
so RA0 pin will be 0V(logic 0).
When S1 press, RA0 will connect 5V directly(virtually consider as through 0 Ohm
resistor) and connect to ground through 10K Ohm resistor .According to voltage
divider law , RA0 pin will be 5V(logic 1).
main()
TRISA = 1 ;
TRISB = 0 ;
while(1)
PORTB.F0=~PORTA.F0;
main()
TRISA = 1 ;
TRISB = 0 ;
while(1)
PORTB.F0=PORTA.F0;
330 Ohm
Red
LED
RB0
RA0
+5V
s1
10K
Ohm
YWT-29
In Example 2-1 (when use with Fig 2-1), declare RA0 pin as input (by TRISA=1; )
and declare all Port B pins (RB0 to RB7) as output (by TRISB=0;).
Then set the PORTB.F0(bit 0 of Port B or RB0) to the value of PORTA.F0(bit 0 of
Port A or RA0) within continuously while loop. That mean that, when RA0 is 1,
RB0 will 1 and LED will ON. Otherwise , LED will be OFF. By using this program
with Fig 2-1, LED will only ON while push button S1 is pressed.
In Example 2-2 (when use with Fig 2-1), declare RA0 pin as input (by TRISA=1; )
and declare all Port B pins (RB0 to RB7) as output (by TRISB=0;).
Then set the PORTB.F0(bit 0 of Port B or RB0) to the opposite value of PORTA.F0
(bit 0 of Port A or RA0) within continuously while loop. That mean that, when RA0
is 0, RB0 will 1 and LED will ON. Otherwise , LED will be OFF. ( “~” means “apply
by Not Gate” ). By using this program with Fig 2-1, LED will only OFF while push
button S1 is pressed.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7KΩ
(or)
10KΩ
330
OhmRed
LED
+5V
S1
10K
Ohm
Fig 2-2 .Complete circuit diagram for Example 2-1 and Example 2-2 with Fig 2-1.
YWT-30
You can run Example 2-1 with Fig 2-1 in Real PIC Simulator.
Video => Exp2_1 with Fig2_1.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp2_1 with Fig2_1.rpp
You can run Example 2-1 with Figure 2-1 on Project board with 9V battery and
7805 IC. 7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0243.jpg
Video => MVI_0245.avi
You can run Example 2-1 with Figure 2-1 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0177.jpg
IMG_0178.jpg
Video => MVI_0179.avi
You can run Example 2-1 with Figure 2-1 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0301.jpg
Video => MVI_0304.avi
YWT-31
You can run Example 2-2 with Fig 2-1 in Real PIC Simulator.
Video => Exp2_2 with Fig2_1.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp2_2 with Fig2_1.rpp
You can run Example 2-2 with Figure 2-1 on Project board with 9V battery and
7805 IC. 7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0250.jpg
Video => MVI_0251.avi
You can run Example 2-2 with Figure 2-1 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0174.jpg
IMG_0175.jpg
Video => MVI_0176.avi
You can run Example 2-2 with Figure 2-1 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Video => MVI_0305.avi
YWT-32
Example 2-1 and Example 2-2 with Fig 2-3.
Exp2_1.c
Ex2_2.c
Fig 2-3 . s1 is normal =1, pressed =0 type switch
In Fig 2-3, Red LED will ON when RB0 pin is “1”(5V).
Before S1 press, RA0 is only connected to 5V through 10K Ohm resistor, so RA0
pin will be 5V(logic 1).
When S1 press, RA0 will connect to ground(0V) directly(virtually consider as
through 0 Ohm resistor) and connect to 5V through 10K Ohm resistor .According
to voltage divider law , RA0 pin will be 0V(logic 0).
In Example 2-1 (when use with Fig 2-3, declare RA0 pin as input (by TRISA=1; )
and declare all Port B pins (RB0 to RB7) as output (by TRISB=0;).
Then set the PORTB.F0 (bit 0 of Port B or RB0) to the value of PORTA.F0 (bit 0 of
Port A or RA0) within continuously while loop. That means that, when RA0 is 1,
main()
TRISA = 1 ;
TRISB = 0 ;
while(1)
PORTB.F0=PORTA.F0;
330 Ohm
Red
LED
RB0
RA0
+5V
s1
10K
Ohm
main()
TRISA = 1 ;
TRISB = 0 ;
while(1)
PORTB.F0=~PORTA.F0;
YWT-33
RB0 will 1 and LED will ON. Otherwise, LED will be OFF. By using this program
with Fig 2-3, LED will only OFF while push button S1 is pressed.
In Example 2-2 (when use with Fig 2-3), declare RA0 pin as input (by TRISA=1; )
and declare all Port B pins (RB0 to RB7) as output (by TRISB=0;).
Then set the PORTB.F0 (bit 0 of Port B or RB0) to the opposite value of PORTA.F0
(bit 0 of Port A or RA0) within continuously while loop. That means that, when
RA0 is 0, RB0 will 1 and LED will ON. Otherwise, LED will be OFF. ( “~” means
“apply by Not Gate” ). By using this program with Fig 2-3, LED will only ON while
push button S1 is pressed.
Fig 2-4 . Complete circuit diagram for Example 2-1 and Example 2-2 with Fig 2-3.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7K Ohm
(or)
10K Ohm
330
OhmRed
LED
+5V
10K
Ohm
S1
YWT-34
You can run Example 2-1 with Fig 2-3 in Real PIC Simulator.
Video => Exp2_1 with Fig2_3.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp2_1 with Fig2_3.rpp
You can run Example 2-1 with Figure 2-3 on Project board with 9V battery and
7805 IC. 7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0246.jpg
Video => MVI_0247.avi
You can run Example 2-1 with Figure 2-3 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0170.jpg (Red LED-330 Ohm Resistor)
IMG_0155.jpg (Red Transparent LED-150 Ohm Resistor)
IMG_0156.jpg (Green Transparent LED-150 Ohm Resistor)
IMG_0160.jpg (Blue Transparent LED-100 Ohm Resistor)
IMG_0165.jpg (Green LED-220 Ohm Resistor)
Video => MVI_0169.avi (Red LED-330 Ohm Resistor)
You can run Example 2-1 with Figure 2-1 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0306.jpg
Video => MVI_0308.avi
YWT-35
You can run Example 2-2 with Fig 2-3 in Real PIC Simulator.
Video => Exp2_2 with Fig2_3.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp2_2 with Fig2_3.rpp
You can run Example 2-2 with Figure 2-3 on Project board with 9V battery and
7805 IC. 7805 IC is used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0252.jpg
Video => MVI_0249.avi
You can run Example 2-2 with Figure 2-3 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0171.jpg
IMG_0172.jpg
Video => MVI_0173.avi
You can run Example 2-2 with Figure 2-3 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0306.jpg
Video => MVI_0307.avi
YWT-36
Example 2-4.Toogle LED by S1 push button .
Fig 2-4 .
Exp2_3.c
In Fig 2-4, Red LED will ON when RB0 pin is “1”(5V).
Before S1 press, RA0 is only connected to 5V through 10K Ohm resistor, so RA0
pin will be 5V(logic 1).
When S1 press, RA0 will connect to ground(0V) directly(virtually consider as
through 0 Ohm resistor) and connect to 5V through 10K Ohm resistor .According
to voltage divider law , RA0 pin will be 0V(logic 0).
main()
TRISA = 1;
TRISB = 0;
PORTB=0;
while(1)
while(PORTA.F0==0)
while(PORTA.F0==0)
Delay_ms(100);
PORTB.F0=~PORTB.F0;
330 Ohm
Red
LED
RB0
RA0
+5V
s1
10K
Ohm
YWT-37
Example 2-3 explanation
Declare RA0 pin as input by TRISA=1; command. Declare RB0 to RB7 pins
as output by TRISB=0; command. Then set PORTB’s initial value to 0 by
PORTB=0; , that means all PortB’s pins(RB0 to RB7) will be 0V at first.
This program has three while loop.
External while loop( while(1) ) will do continuously till the program run.
Middle while loop will do while RA0 pin(bit 0 of PortA) is 0V(logic 0) by the line of
“while(PORTA.F0==0)”. That means that this loop will do when you start to press
S1 push button.
Then the inner while loop will do until you release S1 push button because it will
also do if PORTA.F0 is 0. In this loop, wait 100 mili-second (0.1 second) by
Delay_ms(100); command. If you press S1 for 0.5 second and then release, this
internal loop will do 5 times and out to middle while loop because PORTA.F0 is
not equal to 1 now.
Then, the second command in the middle loop do. According to this command,
invert the current state of RB0(PORTB.F0) and then put to RB0. For example, if
current RB0 is logic 0(LED OFF), inverted value will be logic 1 and put that value
to RB0.So, RB0 is now logic 1(LED ON). If current RB0 is logic 1(LED ON),
inverted value will be logic 0 and put that value to RB0.So, RB0 is now logic
0(LED OFF).
Now, this middle while loop will also out to external while loop because current
value of RA0 is not equal to 0.
Then, go to first line of external while loop( while(1) ) and wait for the next time
of S1 press.This loop will do forever.
YWT-38
Fig 2-5 . Complete circuit diagram for Example 2-3.
You can run Example 2-3 in Real PIC Simulator.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp2_3.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp2_3.rpp
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7K Ohm
(or)
10K Ohm
330
OhmRed
LED
+5V
10K
Ohm
S1
YWT-39
You can run Example 2-3 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0252.jpg
Video => MVI_0255.avi
You can run Example 2-3 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Video => MVI_0164.avi (Red LED-330 Ohm Resistor)
MVI_0168.avi (Green LED-220 Ohm Resistor)
MVI_0154.avi (Red Transparent LED-150 Ohm Resistor)
MVI_0157.avi (Green Transparent LED-150 Ohm Resistor)
MVI_0161.avi (Blue Transparent LED-100 Ohm Resistor)
You can run Example 2-3 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0306.jpg
Video => MVI_0309.avi
YWT-40
Example 2-4 .Press S1 to ON the LED and press S2 to OFF.
Fig 2-6.
Exp2_4.c
Fig 2-6 Explanation
While S1 is pressing, RA0 pin will “0”(0V) , otherwise “1”(5V).
While S2 is pressing, RA1 pin will “0”(0V) , otherwise “1”(5V).
While RB0 is being “1”(5V), LED will ON, otherwise OFF.
Example 2-4 Explanation
Declare the last two bits of PORTA(RA0 and RA1) as input by writing TRISA
register to 3(as binary-0b00000011) using the command-TRISA=0b00000011;
330 Ohm
Red
LED
RB0
RA0
+5V
S1
10K
Ohm
RA1
+5V
S2
10K
Ohm
main()
TRISA = 0b00000011;
TRISB = 0b11111110;
PORTB=0;
while(1)
while(PORTA.F0==0)
PORTB.F0=1;
while(PORTA.F0==0)
Delay_ms(100);
while(PORTA.F1==0)
PORTB.F0=0;
while(PORTA.F1==0)
Delay_ms(100);
YWT-41
Declare the last bit of PORTB(RA0) as output and others in PORTB as input by
writing TRISB register to 254(as binary-0b11111110) using the command-
TRISB=0b11111110;
Set PORTB’s initial value to 0 to be 0V at all PORTB’s pins by PORTB=0;
Then, while(1) … loop will repeat continuously until the program stop.
In while(1) loop, there are two while loops. while(POTRA.F0==0) loop and
while(POTRA.F1==0) loop.
while(POTRA.F0==0) loop will do while RA0 is “0”(while S1 is pressed).In this
loop, set RB0 to “1”(to ON LED) and use other 0.1 second waiting while loop until
RA0 is “1”(when S1 is released).
while(POTRA.F1==0) loop will do while RA1 is “0”(while S1 is pressed).In this
loop, set RB0 to “0”(to OFF LED) and use other 0.1 second waiting while loop
until RA1 is “1”(when S1 is released).
Fig 2-7 . Complete circuit diagram for Example 2-4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7K Ohm
(or)
10K Ohm
330
OhmRed
LED
+5V
10K
Ohm
S1+5V
10K
Ohm
S2
YWT-42
You can run Example 2-4 in Real PIC Simulator.
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp2_4.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp2_4.rpp
You can run Example 2-4 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0258.jpg
Video => MVI_0259.avi
You can run Example 2-4 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0147.jpg
IMG_0148.jpg
IMG_0149.jpg
IMG_0150.jpg
Video => MVI_0151.avi
You can run Example 2-4 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0310.jpg
Video => MVI_0311.avi
Image => IMG_0312.jpg ( with Project Board )
Video => MVI_0313.avi ( with Project Board )
YWT-43
CHAPTER (3)
PRODUCING SOUND
Frequency(f) is a number of cycles in one second. It's unit is Hertz(Hz).
Amplitude is a peak voltage. In sound wave,higher amplitude make louder sound.
In Fig3-1,the frequency(f) for that sine wave is 2Hz beause it contains 2
cycles in one second.The time for each cycle is called T and T=1/f .For this sine
wave,T for each cycle is ( T = 1/f = 1/2 = 0.5 second) 0.5 second.The frequency
range that can heard by human is from 20Hz to 20kHz.
Fig 3-1 .
PIC can generate square wave frequency with 5V amplitude as shown in Fig3-2.
The total time(T) for each cycle equal the sum of "on time" and "off time" of that
cycle. T=T1+T2=Ton+Toff=3ms+1ms =4ms. For frequency, f = 1/T = 1/4ms = 250
Hz.
Fig 3-2.
1st cycle 2ndcycle
Amplitude
(Voltage)
Time(second)0 0.5 1
T1 T2
0.5 second 0.5 second
Amplitude
(Voltage)
Time
(mili-second)1
T1 T2
4 mili-sec
4 5 8 90 2 3 6 7 10
0V
5V
4 mili-sec
Ton
3ms
1m
s
1st
cycle 2nd
cycle
To
ff
YWT-44
So,we can hear that frequency by connecting with a speaker circuit as shown in
Fig3-3.
Fig 3-3.
If we want to produce 1kHz frequency(f) (with 50% duty cycle) for 2 second by PIC
, we need to calculate the time(T) for one cycle and also need to know how many
cycles(number of cycles-NC) are required for 2 seconds.
To calculate T, T = 1/f = 1/1k = 1ms.
Duty cycle = (Ton/T) *100% , if duty cycle is 50%, Ton =Toff = T/2 = 1ms/2 = 0.5ms
= 500 µs(micro-second).
For number of cycles (NC) for 2 seconds, NC = 2 second / T = 2sec/1msec = 2000
cycles.
To write a program, use 500 micro-second delay for Ton and Toff for one cycle
and need to produce 2000 cycles by looping as shown in Fig 3-4,Fig3-5 and
exp3_0.c.
Fig 3-4
PIC
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF
capacitor
Time-ms
(mili-second)
Amplitude
(Voltage)
Ton
5V, logic "1"
Toff
1ms 2ms0ms 2000ms
(2 seconds)
0V, logic "0"
.5m
s
1st
cycle
2nd
cycle
2000th
cycle
.5ms
YWT-45
Example 3-0. Produce 1 KHz sound for 2 seconds.
Fig 3-5 .
Exp3_0.c
Fig 3-5 Explanation
The speaker will produce sound when RA3 pin produce some frequencies (by
changing RA3’s pin state- logic “0”(0V) and logic “1”(5V) a few hundreds or
thousands of times during per second) .
Example 3-0 Explanation
Declare i as integer by int i; and Declare RA3 as output pin by TRISA.F0 = 1;
Then, do for loop 2000 times (i=0 to 1999). Each time produce 1 frequency by RA3
pin. This program use RA3, but any I/O pin of PIC16F84(except RA4) can be used.
At each frequency, ON time(Ton) is 500 micro-second(0.5 mili-second) because
set RA3 to “1” by PORTA.F3=1; command and then wait 500 micro-second by
Delay_us(500); command.
After 500 micro-second of ON time, OFF time will occur for 500 micro-second (0.5
mili-second) because set RA3 to “0” by PORTA.F3=0; command and then wait 500
micro-second by Delay_us(500); command.
Each for loop produce a frequency and that frequency has 0.5 mili-second for ON
time(Ton) and 0.5 mili-second for OFF time(Toff). So,T=Ton+Toff = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1
mili-second.
RA3PIC
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF
capacitor
main()
int i;
TRISA.F3 = 0;
for (i=0;i<2000;i++)
PORTA.F3 = 1;
Delay_us(500);
PORTA.F3 = 0;
Delay_us(500);
YWT-46
There are 2000 for loop, 1 mili-second x 2000 = 2000 mili-second = 2 seconds.
To calculate the frequency (f), (f=1/T ), f = 1/1 mili-second = 1000= 1 Kilo Hertz =
1KHz .So, this program produce 1KHz frequency for 2 seconds.
Fig 3-6 . Complete circuit diagram for Example 3-0, 3-1, 3-4 and 3-5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7K Ohm
(or)
10K Ohm
10µF
capacitor8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
YWT-47
You can run Example 3-0 in Real PIC Simulator.
(Note - Real PIC Simulator version 1.1 has some sound error. Therefore, to run
sound simulations, Real PIC Simulator version 1.3 should be used.)
Video => RealPicSimulator_1.3_30dayTrial_Install.mp4
RealPicSimulator_Exp3_0.mp4
RealPicSimulator1.3_RunExp3_0.mp4
RealPicSimulator_1.3_Exp3_0Osc.mp4 ( with Oscilloscope)
RealPicSimulator1.3_RunExp3_0Osc.mp4( with Oscilloscope)
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp3_0.rpp
Exp3_0Osc.rpp(with Oscilloscope)
You can run Example 3_0 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0269.jpg
Video => MVI_0268.avi
You can run Example 3_0 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0131.jpg
Video => MVI_0133.avi
You can run Example 3_0 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0314.jpg
Video => MVI_0316.avi
YWT-48
Example 3-1. Produce 500 Hz sound for the whole time.
Fig 3-5 .
Exp3_1.c
Complete circuit for this example is shown previously in Fig 3-6 .
Explanation
This example is similar to example 3-0.
Example 3-0 use 500 micro-second delay to get frequency of 1 KHz. But this
example use 1000 microsecond to get 500 Hz.
Example 3-0 use for loop for limited times. But this example use while(1) loop for
unlimited times or the whole time until the program stop.
You can run Example 3-1 in Real PIC Simulator.
(Note - Real PIC Simulator version 1.1 has some sound error. Therefore, to run
sound simulations, Real PIC Simulator version 1.3 should be used.)
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp3_1.mp4
RealPicSimulator1.3_RunExp3_1.mp4
RealPicSimulator_Exp3_1Osc.mp4 ( with Oscilloscope)
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp3_1.rpp
Exp3_1Osc.rpp(with Oscilloscope)
RA3PIC
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF
capacitor
main()
TRISA.F3 = 0;
While(1)
PORTA.F3 = 1;
Delay_us(1000);
PORTA.F3 = 0;
Delay_us(1000);
YWT-49
You can run Example 3_1 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0269.jpg
Video => MVI_0270.avi
You can run Example 3_1 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0131.jpg
Video => MVI_0135.avi
You can run Example 3_1 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0314.jpg
Video => MVI_0317.avi
YWT-50
Example 3-2 . 1 KHz sound will be produced by speaker during the time while
press "s1" push button.
Fig 3-7 .
Exp3_2.c
Explanation
Declare RA3 pin as output by TRISA.F3=0; command and declare RA0 pin as
input by TRISA.F0=1; command.
Then, while(1) loop will do continuously until the program stop.
While you press s1 push button, RA0 will change to logic “0” and internal while
loop ( while(PORTA.F0) loop ) will do to produce 1 KHz sound from RA3 pin.
RA0
+5V
s1
10kO
RA3
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF
capacitor
main()
TRISA.F3 = 0;
TRISA.F0 = 1;
while(1)
while(PORTA.F0==0)
PORTA.F3 = 1;
Delay_us(500);
PORTA.F3 = 0;
Delay_us(500);
YWT-51
Fig 3-8 . Complete circuit diagram for Example 3-2
You can run Example 3-2 in Real PIC Simulator.
(Note - Real PIC Simulator version 1.1 has some sound error. Therefore, to run
sound simulations, Real PIC Simulator version 1.3 should be used.)
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp3_2.mp4
RealPicSimulator1.3_RunExp3_2.mp4
RealPicSimulator_Exp3_2Osc.mp4 ( with Oscilloscope)
RealPicSimulator1.3_RunExp3_2Osc.mp4 ( with Oscilloscope)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7K Ohm
(or)
10K Ohm
+5V
10K
Ohm
S1
10µF
capacitor8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
YWT-52
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp3_2.rpp
Exp3_2Osc.rpp(with Oscilloscope)
You can run Example 3_2 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0262.jpg
Video => MVI_0263.avi
You can run Example 3_2 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0142.jpg
IMG_0143.jpg
Video => MVI_0144.avi
You can run Example 3_2 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0328.jpg
Video => MVI_0329.avi
Image => IMG_0326.jpg ( with Project Board )
Video => MVI_0327.avi ( with Project Board )
YWT-53
Example 3-3. Creating 3 different sound using 3 push button.
Fig 3-9.
Exp3_3.c
Explanation
Declare last 3 bits of PORTA register (RA0, RA1 and RA2) as input and other
PORTA pins as output by TRISA=7; command( “7”in binary is 00000111).
Example 3-3 is similar to example 3-2.
main()
TRISA = 7;
while(1)
while(PORTA.F0==0)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(477);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(477);
while(PORTA.F1==0)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(425);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(425);
while(PORTA.F2==0)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(380);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(380);
RA0
+5V
S1
10kO
RA3
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF
capacitor
RA1
+5V
S2
10kO
RA2
+5V
S3
10kO
YWT-54
Example 3-2 has one button in circuit and one while loop in while(1) loop to
produce one frequency while pressing that button.
But example 3-3 has three buttons in circuit and three while loop in while(1) loop
to produce three different frequencies while pressing each of three button.
Fig 3-10. Complete circuit for example 3-3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7K Ohm
(or)
10K Ohm
+5V
10K
Ohm
S1
+5V
10K
Ohm
S2
10µF
capacitor8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
+5V
10K
Ohm
S3
YWT-55
You can run Example 3_3 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0281.jpg
Video => MVI_0282.avi
You can run Example 3_3 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0146.jpg
IMG_0148.jpg
Video => MVI_0146.avi
You can run Example 3_3 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0330.jpg
IMG_0331.jpg
Video => MVI_0333.avi
Image => IMG_0335.jpg ( with Project Board )
Video => MVI_0336.avi ( with Project Board )
YWT-56
Example 3-4. Producing long notes
for "Do" "Ray" "Mi" "Fa" "So" "La"
"Ti" “Do(high)”.
Fig 3-5.
Table for frequency of notes
Exp3_4.c
RA3PIC
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF
capacitor
N_C()
Note Sound Frequency(Hz)
Do 1047
N_D() Ray 1175
N_E() Mi 1319
N_F() Fa 1397
N_G() So 1568
N_A() La 1760
N_B() Ti 1976
N_C1() Do(high) 2093
N_S() no sound 0
void N_C(void);
void N_D(void);
void N_E(void);
void N_F(void);
void N_G(void);
void N_A(void);
void N_B(void);
void N_C1(void);
void N_S(void);
void main()
TRISA.F3=0;
N_C();N_C();N_C();
N_D();N_D();N_D();
N_E();N_E();N_E();
N_F();N_F();N_F();
N_G();N_G();N_G();
N_A();N_A();N_A();
N_B();N_B();N_B();
N_C1();N_C1();N_C1();
void N_C(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<150;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(477);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(477);
void N_D(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<168;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(425);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(425);
void N_E(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<189;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(379);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(379);
void N_F(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<200;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(358);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(358);
void N_G(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<225;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(318);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(318);
void N_A(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<252;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(284);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(284);
void N_B(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<282;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(253);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(253);
void N_C1(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<300;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(239);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(239);
void N_S(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<567;i++)
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(126);
YWT-57
Explanation
This program uses 9 functions. These functions must be declare before main
program.
Void N_C(void) function produce the sound with 1047 Hz frequency for 0.25
seconds at RA3 pin which is equivalent with “Do” sound(Note C) of piano.
Void N_D(void) function produce the sound with 1175 Hz frequency for 0.25
seconds at RA3 pin which is equivalent with “Ray” (Note D)of piano.
Void N_E(void) function produce the sound with 1319 Hz frequency for 0.25
seconds at RA3 pin which is equivalent with “Mi” (Note E)of piano.
Void N_F(void) function produce the sound with 1397 Hz frequency for 0.25
seconds at RA3 pin which is equivalent with “Fa” (Note F)of piano.
Void N_G(void) function produce the sound with 1568 Hz frequency for 0.25
seconds at RA3 pin which is equivalent with “So” (Note G)of piano.
Void N_A(void) function produce the sound with 1760 Hz frequency for 0.25
seconds at RA3 pin which is equivalent with “La” (Note A)of piano.
Void N_B(void) function produce the sound with 1976 Hz frequency for 0.25
seconds at RA3 pin which is equivalent with “Ti” (Note B)of piano.
Void N_C1(void) function produce the sound with 2093 Hz frequency for 0.25
seconds at RA3 pin which is equivalent with “Do(High)” (Note C#)of piano.
Void N_S(void) function produce no sound( 0 Hz) for a very short period at RA3
pin. This function can be used as a break between two consecutive sound(notes).
The first “void” found in these functions means this function has no return value.
The last “void” found in these functions means that there is no need to use input
parameters to run that function.
When call these functions from main program, you can omit both of first “void”
word and last “void” word. For example, N_C(); , N_D(); , N_E(); , N_F(); , N_G(); ,
N_A(); , N_B(); , N_C1(); , N_S();
If long note of “C” take for 0.75 second, you can call N_C(); function 3 times
because it takes 0.25 second for N_C(); function 1 time. Eg - N_C(); N_C(); N_C();
If short note of “C” take for 0.5 second, you can call N_C(); function 2 times
because it takes 0.25 second for N_C(); function 1 time. Eg - N_C(); N_C();
YWT-58
Complete circuit diagram for example 3-4 is shown in Fig 3-6 .
You can run Example 3_4 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0269.jpg
Video => MVI_0272.avi
You can run Example 3_4 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0131.jpg
Video => MVI_0137.avi
You can run Example 3_4 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0314.jpg
Video => MVI_0318.avi
YWT-59
Example 3-5 - Producing “Mya Nandar” song using piano key notes.
RA3PIC
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF
capacitor
void N_C(void);
void N_D(void);
void N_E(void);
void N_F(void);
void N_G(void);
void N_A(void);
void N_B(void);
void N_C1(void);
void N_S(void);
void main()
TRISA.F3=0;
N_F();N_F();N_F(); N_D();N_D();N_D();
N_A();N_A();N_A(); N_F();N_F();
N_E();N_E(); N_D();N_D();
N_D();N_D(); N_C();N_C();
N_B();N_B(); N_A();N_A();
N_S();N_S();N_S(); N_C();N_C();
N_D();N_D(); N_A();N_A();
N_C();N_C(); N_A();N_A();
N_G();N_G(); N_F();N_F();N_F();
N_G();N_G();N_G(); N_A();N_A();N_A();
N_C();N_C();N_C(); N_S();N_S();N_S();
N_E();N_E(); N_D();N_D();
N_C();N_C(); N_A();N_A();
N_G();N_G(); N_F();N_F();
N_F();N_F(); N_A();N_A();
N_E();N_E(); N_E();N_E();
N_E();N_E(); N_G();N_G();
N_G();N_G(); N_C();N_C();
N_F();N_F();N_F();
void N_C(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<150;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(477);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(477);
void N_D(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<168;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(425);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(425);
void N_E(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<189;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(379);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(379);
void N_F(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<200;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(358);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(358);
void N_G(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<225;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(318);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(318);
void N_A(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<252;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(284);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(284);
void N_B(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<282;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(253);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(253);
void N_C1(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<300;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(239);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(239);
void N_S(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<567;i++)
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(126);
YWT-60
Explanation
Example 3-5 is similar to example 3-4. All functions and function declarations are
exactly the same. The difference is only in main program section. Both example
use RA3 pin as output(by TRISA.F0=3) and to connect to speaker via capacitor.
The main program section in Example 3-4 call functions to produce “Do” “Ray”
“Mi” “Fa” “So” “La” “Ti” “Do(high)” sound.
The main program section in Example 3-5 call functions to produce “Mya Nandar”
song.
Complete circuit diagram for example 3-5 is shown in Fig 3-6 .
You can run Example 3_5 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0269.jpg
Video => MVI_0275.avi
You can run Example 3_5 on Project board with 5V power supply.
Image => IMG_0131.jpg
Video => MVI_0140.avi
You can run Example 3_5 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0314.jpg
Video => MVI_0320.avi
YWT-61
Example 3-6 – This example will do the following these 5 steps.
(1)produce notes for "Do" "Ray" "Mi" "Fa" "So" "La" "Ti" Do(high).
(2)make 5 seconds delay.
(3) produce “Mya Nandar” song using above notes.
(4) During the “ Mya Nandar” song -
While producing “Do”(note C) sound, LED at RB0 will be ON.
While producing “Ray”(note D) sound, LED at RB1 will be ON.
While producing “Mi”(note E) sound, LED at RB2 will be ON.
While producing “Fa”(note F) sound, LED at RB3 will be ON.
While producing “So”(note G) sound, LED at RB4 will be ON.
While producing “La”(note A) sound, LED at RB5 will be ON.
While producing “Ti”(note B) sound, LED at RB6 will be ON.
While producing “Do(High)”(note C#) sound, LED at RB7 will be ON.
(5)Blink all LEDs with 5 seconds ON and 4 seconds OFF until the power off.
Fig 3-11 .
RB4
RB6
330 Ohm Red LED 1
RB0
330 Ohm
RB1
330 Ohm
RB2
330 Ohm
RB3
330 Ohm
330 Ohm
RB5
330 Ohm
330 Ohm
RB7
Red LED 2
Red LED 3
Red LED 4
Red LED 5
Red LED 6
Red LED 7
Red LED 8
RA3PIC
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF
capacitor
YWT-62
void N_C(void); // Do for 0.25 sec
void N_D(void); //Ray for 0.25 sec
void N_E(void); //Mi for 0.25 sec
void N_F(void); //Fa for 0.25 sec
void N_G(void); //So for 0.25 sec
void N_A(void); //La for 0.25 sec
void N_B(void); //Ti for 0.25 sec
void N_C1(void); //High Do for 0.25 sec
void N_S(void); // No Sound
void main()
TRISA.F3=0; //assign RA3 as output pin
TRISB=0; //assign RB0 to 7 as output pin
PORTB=0;
// start Do Ray Mi Fa So La Ti DoHIGH
N_C();N_C();N_C(); // Do for 0.75 seconds( 0.25 x 3 )
N_D();N_D();N_D(); // Ray for 0.75 seconds
N_E();N_E();N_E(); // Mi for 0.75 seconds
N_F();N_F();N_F(); // Fa for 0.75 seconds
N_G();N_G();N_G(); // So for 0.75 seconds
N_A();N_A();N_A(); // La for 0.75 seconds
N_B();N_B();N_B(); // Ti for 0.75 seconds
N_C1();N_C1();N_C1(); // Do HIGH for 0.75 seconds
//no sound for 5 seconds
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
//Start Mya Nandar(chos)
N_F();N_F();N_F(); N_D();N_D();N_D(); N_A();N_A();N_A();
N_F();N_F(); N_E();N_E(); N_D();N_D();
N_D();N_D(); N_C();N_C(); N_B();N_B(); N_A();N_A();
N_S();N_S();N_S(); N_C();N_C(); N_D();N_D();
N_A();N_A(); N_C();N_C(); N_A();N_A(); N_G();N_G();
N_F();N_F();N_F(); N_G();N_G();N_G(); N_A();N_A();N_A();
N_C();N_C();N_C();
N_S();N_S();N_S(); N_E();N_E(); N_D();N_D();
N_C();N_C(); N_A();N_A(); N_G();N_G(); N_F();N_F();
N_F();N_F(); N_A();N_A(); N_E();N_E();
N_E();N_E(); N_E();N_E(); N_G();N_G();
N_G();N_G(); N_C();N_C(); N_F();N_F();N_F();
// LEDs Blink
do
PORTB=255;
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
PORTB=0;
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
Delay_ms(1000);
while(1);
void N_C(void) // produce "Do" sound
int i;
PORTB.F0=1; // ON LED at RB0 pin
for (i=0;i<150;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(477); //delay for 477 micro seconds
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(477);
PORTB.F0=0; // OFF LED at RB0 pin
void N_D(void) // produce "Ray" sound
int i;
PORTB.F1=1; // ON LED at RB1 pin
for (i=0;i<168;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(425);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(425);
PORTB.F1=0; // OFF LED at RB1 pin
void N_E(void) // produce "Mi" sound
int i;
PORTB.F2=1; // ON LED at RB2 pin
for (i=0;i<189;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(379);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(379);
PORTB.F2=0; // OFF LED at RB2 pin
void N_F(void) // produce "Fa" sound
int i;
PORTB.F3=1; // ON LED at RB3 pin
for (i=0;i<200;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(358);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(358);
PORTB.F3=0; // FF LED at RB3 pin
void N_G(void) // produce "So" sound
int i;
PORTB.F4=1; // ON LED at RB4 pin
for (i=0;i<225;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(318);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(318);
PORTB.F4=0; // OFF LED at RB4 pin
void N_A(void) // produce "La" sound
int i;
PORTB.F5=1; // ON LED at RB5 pin
for (i=0;i<252;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(284);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(284);
PORTB.F5=0; // OFF LED at RB5 pin
void N_B(void) // produce "Ti" sound
int i;
PORTB.F6=1; // ON LED at RB6 pin
for (i=0;i<282;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(253);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(253);
PORTB.F6=0; // OFF LED at RB6 pin
void N_C1(void) // produce "Do(high)" sound
int i;
PORTB.F7=1; // ON LED at RB7 pin
for (i=0;i<300;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(239);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(239);
PORTB.F7=0; // OFF LED at RB7 pin
void N_S(void) // make a break (or) no sound
int i;
for (i=0;i<567;i++)
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(126);
YWT-63
Explanation
This example combine example 3-4 and example 3-5 . And add some Delays and
modified N_C(), N_D(), N_E(), N_F(), N_G(), N_A(), N_B(), N_C1() functions to ON
corresponding LED at the beginning of the function and to OFF that LED at the
end of the function.
You can see comments to know the concept of lines in program. Comments are
used by programmers( start with “//” ) to note about something. You can write
comment by start with “//” and then follow any words as you like and these
comments will not take effect to the program’s working sequences.
The purpose of comments written in Exp3_6.c are only to understand the
program and you can omit that comments when you write again Exp3_6.c in
mikroC to compile.
You can run Example 3-6 in Real PIC Simulator.
(Note - Real PIC Simulator version 1.1 has some sound error. Therefore, to run
sound simulations, Real PIC Simulator version 1.3 should be used.)
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp3_6.mp4
RealPicSimulator1.3_RunExp3_6.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp3_6.rpp
You can run Example 3_6 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0081.jpg (Red LED-330 Ohm resistor)
IMG_0111.jpg (color LED)
MG_0113.jpg (color LED)
IMG_0115.jpg (color LED)
Video => MVI_0088.avi (Red LED-330 Ohm resistor)
MVI_0119.avi (color LED)
YWT-64
You can run Example 3_6 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0314.jpg
Video => MVI_0321.avi
YWT-65
Example 3-7 is the binary up / down counter .When you press S1 push button,
current binary value will increase by 1 and “Do” sound will be produced from
speaker connected with RA3 via 10uF capacitor. The resulted binary value will be
shown with 8 LED connected to RB0 to RB7.When you press S2 push button,
current binary value will increase by 1 and “Mi” sound will be produced from
speaker connected with RA3 via 10uF capacitor. The resulted binary value will be
shown with 8 LED connected to RB0 to RB7.
10kΩ
RA0
+5V
S1
(Up)
RA1
S2
(Down)
10kΩ
+5V
RA3
8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
10µF capacitor
RB4
RB6
330 Ohm Red LED 1
RB0
330 Ohm
RB1
330 Ohm
RB2
330 Ohm
RB3
330 Ohm
330 Ohm
RB5
330 Ohm
330 Ohm
RB7
Red LED 2
Red LED 3
Red LED 4
Red LED 5
Red LED 6
Red LED 7
Red LED 8
Fig 3-12 .
void N_C(void);
void N_E(void);
void main()
int i=0;
TRISA = 3;
TRISB = 0;
PORTA.F0=0;
PORTA.F1=0;
PORTB=0;
while(1)
PORTB=i ;
if (PORTA.F0==1)
i++;
if (i>255) i=255;
N_C();
if (PORTA.F1==1)
i--;
if (i<0) i=0;
N_E();
Delay_ms(100);
void N_C(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<150;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(477);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(477);
void N_E(void)
int i;
for (i=0;i<189;i++)
PORTA.F3=1;
Delay_us(379);
PORTA.F3=0;
Delay_us(379);
YWT-66
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84 (or) PIC 16F84A
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7K Ohm
(or)
10k Ohm
Red LED 2
330
OhmRed LED 1
Red LED 3
Red LED 4
Red LED 5
Red LED 6
Red LED 7
Red LED 8
10µF
capacitor8 Ohm
0.2 Watt
speaker
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm
330
Ohm+5V
10K
Ohm
S1
(Up)
+5V
10K
Ohm
S2
(Down)
Fig 3-13 . Complete circuit diagram for example 3-7
You can run Example 3-7 in Real PIC Simulator.
(Note - Real PIC Simulator version 1.1 has some sound error. Therefore, to run
sound simulations, Real PIC Simulator version 1.3 should be used.)
Video => RealPicSimulator_Exp3_7.mp4
Project file to open with Real PIC Simulator => Exp3_7.rpp
YWT-67
You can run Example 3_7 on Project board with 9V battery and 7805 IC. 7805 IC is
used to convert 9V from 9V battery to 5V to supply PIC circuit.
Image => IMG_0090.jpg (Red LED-330 Ohm resistor)
IMG_0092.jpg (Red LED-330 Ohm resistor)
IMG_0098.jpg (color LED)
IMG_0104.jpg (color LED)
Video => MVI_0094.avi (Red LED-330 Ohm resistor)
MVI_0107.avi (color LED)
You can run Example 3_7 on PIC16F84 PCB board.
Image => IMG_0322.jpg
Video => MVI_0323.avi
Image => IMG_0324.jpg ( with Project Board )
Video => MVI_0325.avi ( with Project Board )
YWT-68
22pF22pF
4MHz
Crystal
+5V
+5V
4.7KΩ+
5V
Gn
d
3x4 Project Board
3x3 Project Board
+5V
USB connector
for 5V power
Screw
connector
330Ω RGB
LED
100Ω Blue
LED
100Ω Violet
LED
150Ω Pink
LED
Green
LED
Ground
Jumper
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
PIC 16F84A (or) PIC 16F84
RA2 RA3 RA4 MCLR VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3
RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4RA1 RA0 OSC1 OSC2 VDD
RA1RA0 RA2 RA3 RA4
connector
connector connector
150Ω
150Ω
150Ω
Yellow
LED
Orange
LED
Red
LED
+5V in/out
Gnd
150Ω
+5V
10µF
capacitor
8 Ω speaker
10kΩ
10kΩ
S2S1
Up
Down
Fig 3-14 - Example 3_6 on PIC16F84 PCB board
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