Playing techniques[edit] Despite their apparent similarity, keyboard instruments of different types require different techniques. With a piano, the piano hammer mechanism produces a louder note when the key is struck faster and harder, and a softer note when the key is pressed lightly and gently. In contrast, the harpsichord's plectrum mechanism does not perceptibly ary the olume of the note with different touch on the keyboard. !hepipe organ's olume and timbre are controlled by the flow of air from the bellows and the stops preselected by the player. "ressing a pipe organ's keys harder or faster does not make the notes sound louder. "layers of these instruments use different techniques on harpsichord and pipe organ, such as note length and changing the stops,to add e#pression to their playing. $ %&()era electronic arranger keyboard may be preset to produce any of a range of oices as well as percussion and other accompaniment patterns *e.g., an automatic bassline+ that matches the chords played by the left hand. Different keyboard instruments hae different types of keyboards. $n acoustic piano has wooden weighted keys, an approach which is imitated on high)end digital pianos and stage pianos. Ine#pensie electronic keyboards hae lightweight, unweighted keys made from plastic. Different keyboard instruments hae a different touchand feel. "rofessional players must hae training and e#perience with the different types of keyboard instruments to be able to perform on them at a professional standard. -ome keyboard students in music conseratories and uniersities study more than one style of keyboard playing. eyboard players who aim to speciali/e in 0aroque music *ca. 1&&)2(&+ often study pipe organ and harpsichord. 3ach instrument has a different type of keyboard and different stops. $ harpsichord may hae stops that add additional octaes to the keys that are pressed or a lute stopwhich imitates the sound of a lute.$ pipe organ may hae stops for adding octae pipes aboe and below a key that is pressed, a fifth aboe *called the quintet stop+ and stops that imitate wind instruments such as horns. "ipe organ players also learn to play the foot) operatedpedal keyboard,which is use to play deep bass notes. -ome keyboard students preparing for a 4a// performance career study both the acoustic piano and the5ammond organ. With the 4a// e#ample, each of these keyboard instruments requires a different playing technique and each has its own idioms and stylistic features that students must learn about. 6rom a technical perspectie, an skilled acoustic piano student learning to play the 5ammond organ will immediately be able to play chord and scales in the organ, but she would hae to learn a numberof new techniques. -he would need to learn to use the features of the organ which are not present on a piano7 tone)controllingdrawbars, two manuals *two rows of keyboards stacked stepwise+, bass pedalboardplayed with the feet, use the olume pedal and operate the 8eslie speaker, a rotating speaker horn which has controls allowing the organist to start the speaker rotation and change the speed for e#pressie chorus effects.
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3en though the keyboard layout is simple and all notes are easily accessible, playing requires skill.
$ proficient player has undertaken much training to play accurately and intempo. 0eginners seldom
produce a passable rendition of een a simple piece due to lack of technique. !he sequences of
moements of the player's hands can be ery complicated. "roblems include wide)spanned chords,
which can be difficult for people with small hands, chords requiring unusual hand positions that caninitially be uncomfortable, and fast scales, trills and arpeggios.
"laying instruments with velocity sensitive *or dynamic + keyboards *i.e., that respond to arying
playing elocity+ may require finger independence, so that some fingers play harder while others
play more softly. eyboardists speak of playing harder and softer, or with more or less force. !his
may accurately describe the player's e#perience9but in the mechanics of the
keyboard, elocity controls musical dynamics. !he faster the player depresses the key, the louder
the note. "layers must learn to coordinate two hands and use them independently. :ost music is
written for two hands; typically the right hand plays the melody in the treble range, while the left
plays an accompaniment of bass notes and chords in the bass range. 3#amples of music written forthe left hand alone include seeral of 8eopold <odowsky's (= -tudies on >hopin's 3tudes, :aurice
?ael's"iano >oncerto for the 8eft 5and and -ergei "rokofie's "iano >oncerto @o. A for the left
hand. In music that uses counterpoint technique, both hands play different melodies at the same
time.
Other uses[edit]
eyboard of a 8etter)"rinting !elegraph -et built by -iemens B 5alske in -aint "etersburg, ?ussia, ca. C&&
$ number of percussion instruments share the keyboard layout, although they are not keyboard
instruments with leers that are depressed to sound the notes. Instead, the performer of instruments
such as the #ylophone, marimba, ibraphone, and glockenspiel strikes the separate)sounding tone
bar of metal or wood for each note using a mallet. !hese bars are laid out in the same configuration
as a common keyboard.
!here are some e#amples of a musical keyboard layout used for non)musical deices. 6or e#ample,
some of the earliest printing telegraph machines used a layout similar to a piano keyboard.[A][(]
Keyboards with alternative sets of keys[edit]
!here are some rare ariations of keyboards with more or fewer than % keys per octae, mostly
used in microtonal music, after the discoeries and theoretical deelopments of musician and
inentor uliEn >arrillo *F2(GC1(+.
-ome free)reed instrument keyboards such as accordions and Indian harmoniums includemicrotones. 3lectronic music pioneer "auline Hlieros plays one of these. 3gyptian belly)dance
musicians like 5assam ?am/y use custom)tuned accordions so they can play traditional scales. !he
small <armon accordion played in the :usic of $/erbai4ansometimes has keys that can play