PIANC London June 11th€¢LNG ships transport liquefied natural gas ... LNG Loading arms Powered Emergency ... •Base of loading arm

CONFIDENTIAL PRIVATE INFORMATION 6/19/2012

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PIANC London June 11th 2012 Bigger Ships, Bigger Ports Oil & Gas : Martin Mannion

Presentation Title

Presentation Format

•Shipping / market trends

•Oil & gas port issues

•Examples / illustrations

CONFIDENTIAL PRIVATE INFORMATION 6/19/2012

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Presentation Title

Shipping Trends

• Oil ships transport liquids in bulk, wide size range

• Circa 4,000 greater than 10,000DWT, 2/3rds double hulled

• Panamax 60,000DWT to 80,000DWT

• Aframax 80,000DWT to 120,000DWT

• Suezmax 120,000DWT to 165,000DWT

• VLCC 200,000DWT to 320,000DWT (90 number)

• ULCC 320,000DWT to 550,000DWT (7 number)

• Supertanker Seawise Giant 458m LOA scrapped 2010

• LNG ships transport liquefied natural gas (1/600th volume),

have increased in size from 160km3 to 266km3 (Qmax)

Presentation Title

Oil – Geography of Demand

Average Global Oil Demand Growth, 2009-15

thousand barrels per day

NORTH AMERICA

+60

LATIN AMERICA

+206

AFRICA

+94

EUROPE

-122

ASIA

+759

MIDDLE EAST

+345

FSU

+71

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Presentation Title

Oil & Gas Exports

• Growth in activity in

emerging markets

including:

• Africa – Tanzania /

Mozambique

• Brazil

• SE Asia

• Upstream and

downstream investments

required in producing

countries

• Supply bases

• Ship repair facilities

• Export terminals (import too)

• Growth in LNG

• Changes in hubs, trade flows

Presentation Title

Oil and gas port issues

• Oil & Gas industry high HSE standards

• Deepwater access – dredge depth? Tranship offshore/SPM?

• Pressure to use jetty for wide shipping range

• Pressure to use older jetties for bigger ships

• Harder to find good sites – waves, currents, siltation

• Environmental protection

• Security

• LNG considering floating solutions

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Presentation Title

Jetty planning issues

• Define ships - range with min, max; manifold variation

• Water depth at berth / underkeel clearance - ships, soils, waves, passing ships

• Navigation – channel to & from berth, turning, safety

• Safety distance : other berths, passing ships etc

• Dredging versus longer trestle to shore

• Downtime at berth (waves, winds, breakwater?) & access channel/traffic impacts

• Number & position of dolphins, elevation

• Platform layout (equipment), trestle alignment (road access?), deck level(s)

Presentation Title

Petroleum berth

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Presentation Title

Marine Transfer Equipment

• Loading arms

• Cranes and lifting equipment, including cables

• Piping/manifolds, supports

• Oil transfer hoses

• Sumps/sump tanks

• Containment bunds

• Pumps/pump systems

Presentation Title

Topsides equipment : HSE, space issues

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Presentation Title

Oil jetty hose tower

Presentation Title

LNG Tanker (Moss/spherical type)

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Presentation Title

Qflex : 216,000m3, membrane tanks, 300m Long (Qmax 266,000m3, 345m long)

Presentation Title

LNG tanker manifolds

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Presentation Title

LNG Loading arms

Powered

Emergency

Release

Coupling

QC/DC (quick

connect/qick

disconnect

coupling Presentation Title

Typical LNG Loading Platform Typical LNG Platform

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Presentation Title

Mooring lines : synthetic, flexible tails

Presentation Title

Typical LNG terminals

• Ships pointing seaward for ease of exit

• Wide range of ship manifold positions (+30m fwd, -5m aft)

• 4 breasting dolphins, separate from platform

• 6 mooring dolphins, 25 to 50m set back

• Ships berth one side only (port or starboard)

• Turning circle min 1.5 x LOA, preferably 2+ times LOA

• Separation to other berths & adjacent channels vital

• Water depth 13.5-15m, depends on ships, local conditions

• Design for OCIMF : 60 knot winds @ berth, currents

• Platform main deck & raised mezzanine, containment

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Presentation Title

NorthWest Sea Eagle at Dapeng PRC

Presentation Title

Golden Pass LNG, Texas

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Presentation Title

Golden Pass LNG, Texas

Presentation Title

Loading platform, arms, gangway

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Presentation Title

• Loading arms and

mezzanine platform

• Base of loading arm

Presentation Title

Dolphins, Quick Release Hooks

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Presentation Title

Costa Azul LNG, Mexico

Presentation Title

Ship arrival, tug assistance

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Presentation Title

Mooring analysis

Mooring Pattern for Cases 1 & 2

(107,000 DWT Vessel)

6 x head breast lines

4 x head spring lines 4 x stern spring lines

6 x stern breast lines

Presentation Title

Small ship on platform

4 x head breast lines

4 x stern breast lines

Mooring Pattern for Cases 7 & 8

(1,000 DWT Vessel)

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Presentation Title

Single Point Mooring (SPMs)

421 27

Presentation Title

Floating LNG : newer concept

• LNG regas ships pumping ashore gas via SPM

• LNG regas ship at berth as storage with tankers to/from

• Small LNG & CNG ships in use also