Piaget's Three Mountains Experiment. Variations on Three Mountain Experiments.

Piaget's Three Mountains Experiment

Variations on Three Mountain Experiments

Semantic Relations in Two-Word Utterances

Relationship Example

Agents + actionAction + objectAgent + objectAction + locative (location)Object + locativePossessor + possessedAttribute + objectDemonstrative + object

Baby cryEat cookieBobby cookieJump stairTeddy bedMommy sandwichBig dogThere Daddy

2 to 5 Year Language Explosion

• Prelinguistic: crying signals, gooing, cooing,

babbling, squeals, yells, inflection by 9 months

• Holophrastic: One word means many things. Starts

about 1 year. 40 to 50 words by 18 months, 300

words by 2 years.

• Telegraphic: Two or three word phrases (“Where

go?” “More milk.” “No bath!” “Big boat.” “Mommy’s

dress.”). From about 18 to 24 months.

• Stage II Grammar: Includes plurals,

overgeneralizations. From about 2 to 3 years.

• Adult-like Speech: Starts at about 5 to 6 years.

• Prelinguistic: crying signals, gooing, cooing,

babbling, squeals, yells, inflection by 9 months

• Holophrastic: One word means many things. Starts

about 1 year. 40 to 50 words by 18 months, 300

words by 2 years.

• Telegraphic: Two or three word phrases (“Where

go?” “More milk.” “No bath!” “Big boat.” “Mommy’s

dress.”). From about 18 to 24 months.

• Stage II Grammar: Includes plurals,

overgeneralizations. From about 2 to 3 years.

• Adult-like Speech: Starts at about 5 to 6 years.

Broca'sarea

Primaryauditoryarea Wernicke's

area

Motor cortex

• Social Learning Theories: Language acquisition through imitation or

modeling

• Reinforcement: The child is conditioned to perform verbal behavior. (B.F.

Skinner, 1957)

• Innateness: We are “pre-wired” or “preprogrammed” to learn language

through a language acquisition device (L.A.D.) in the brain. (Chomsky)

• Combined View: Includes predisposition and input from the environment, but

the child plays an active, creative role in learning language. Perception,

cognition, motor, social and emotional factors are all involved.

• Social Learning Theories: Language acquisition through imitation or

modeling

• Reinforcement: The child is conditioned to perform verbal behavior. (B.F.

Skinner, 1957)

• Innateness: We are “pre-wired” or “preprogrammed” to learn language

through a language acquisition device (L.A.D.) in the brain. (Chomsky)

• Combined View: Includes predisposition and input from the environment, but

the child plays an active, creative role in learning language. Perception,

cognition, motor, social and emotional factors are all involved.

Theories of Language Acquisition

• Preoperational thinking, not yet logical,

unable to see another’s viewpoint.

• Child has gone through “language

explosion,” emerging with vocabulary of

over 14,000 words, and syntactically

correct usage.

• Preoperational thinking, not yet logical,

unable to see another’s viewpoint.

• Child has gone through “language

explosion,” emerging with vocabulary of

over 14,000 words, and syntactically

correct usage.

Summary of Early Childhood Cognitive Development