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12th International ConferenceInternational Phytotechnology
Society
2015 September 27-30 Hilton Garden Inn - Manhattan, KS
Hosted by the International Phytotechnology Society and Kansas
State University
ABSTRACT BOOK
Phytotechnologies for Sustainable Development
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Abstract Book12th International Phytotechnologies Conference
Organized by:International Phytotechnology Society
Hosted by:Kansas State University
Editor:Larry E. EricksonISBN 178-0-692-50825-1
Published by:Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS
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Table of ContentsPlatform Abstracts 4 – 97
Poster Abstracts 98 – 139
Author Index 140 – 143
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PLATFORM ABSTRACTS12th International Conference | International
Phytotechnology Society
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PLATFORM ABSTRACTS
Interplay between Brassinosteroids and Abascisic Acid Confers
Cadmium Tolerance in Tomato
Golam Jalal Ahammed*, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou-310058, P.R. China; Yan-Hong Zhou, Department
of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou-310058, P.R. China;
Jing-Quan Yu, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou-310058, P.R. China
Environmental pollution by heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) is
a serious problem worldwide. We observed that Cd-induced high
concentration of reactive oxygen species caused oxidative damage to
photosynthetic pigments, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation
and photoinhibition in tomato. Brassinosteroids (BRs) and abscisic
acid (ABA) are two key plant hormones play critical role in plant
stress responses. Previously, we demonstrated that BR could
effectively ameliorate Cd stress in tomato; however, its
interaction with ABA in Cd tolerance still remains elusive. Here,
we used tomato genotypes Condine red (CR, wild-type) and its
partially BR synthesis mutant dim, and Ailsa Craig (AC, wild-type)
and its partially ABA-deficient mutant
notabilis (not) to investigate the interactive effects of BR and
ABA under Cd stress. Results show that a basal level of endogenous
BR or ABA is essential for Cd tolerance. Either BR or ABA could
confer Cd tolerance in wild-type plants which was associated with
an increase in endogenous ABA level. Meanwhile, both dim and not
plants were more sensitive to Cd stress; however, pre-treatment
with ABA could improve Cd tolerance in both dim and not plants.
Moreover, exogenous application of BR could improve Cd tolerance in
dim plants, but not in not plants. Further investigation shows that
ABA could complement BR-deficiency for Cd tolerance in dim plants.
Inhibition of ABA biosynthesis by fluridone aggravated Cd
phytoxicity; however, ABA supplementation but not BR, could reverse
fluridone effect, which indicated that BR might function upstream
of ABA to confer Cd tolerance in tomato.
Keywords: abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cadmium,
phytotoxicity, tomato
Golam Jalal Ahammed, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou-310058, P.R. China, [email protected]
2. Ahammed, Golam Jalal
3. Ahmad, Rafiq
Phytoremediation potential of Cannabis sativa and Parthenium
hysterophorus: Identification and characterization of GR and PLDα
genesRafiq Ahmad*, Zara Tehsin, Sabaz Ali Khan, Mohammad Maroof
Shah,
Soil pollution caused by heavy metals is one of the major
problems throughout the world. To maintain a safe and healthy
environment for human beings, there is a dire need to identify
hyperaccumulator plants. This study was designed to explore the
potential of Cannabis sativa and Parthenium hysterophorus to
accumulate the toxic metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cr in
plant samples collected from industrial area of Rawalpindi,
Pakistan. In addition, this research was conducted to identify two
important heavy metals tolerant genes, glutathione-disulfide
reductase (GSR) and phospholipase D-α (PLDα) in both plants. Our
results showed that C. sativa plants collected from heavy metals
contaminated site accumulated toxic metal concentrations
significantly and in this pattern: Cu>Cd>Ni>Pb. In
addition, the accumulation pattern of heavy metals in another plant
P. hysterophorus leaves was: Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni. These
results revealed that both these plants have the ability to
accumulate heavy metals in their leaves and could be used in
phytoremediation technology. Moreover, GR and PLDα genes were
present in P. hysterophorus and C. sativa plants and could help
plants to survive in heavy metal stress conditions. Bioinformatic
analysis of GSR and PLDα genes exhibit 60-80% sequence identity to
previously reported genes in other plant species. In conclusion,
these results will help to improve our understanding about the
phytoremediation potential of P. hysterophorus and C. sativa as
well as in manipulating GSR and PLDα genes in breeding programs to
produce transgenic heavy metals tolerant varieties.
Keywords: soil, phytoextraction, P. hysterophorus, C. sativa,
genes, GSR, PLDα
*presenting author: Dr. Rafiq AhmadEmail:
[email protected]: + 92 3007297761 Address: Department of
Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information
Technology, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Phytoremediation of heavy metals by Lemna gibba in a Kashmir
Himalayan Ramsar siteSyed Shakeel Ahmad* University of Kashmir,
Zafar A. Reshi University of Kashmir, Manzoor Ahmad Shah University
of Kashmir, Irfan Rashid University of KashmirHeavy metals are
important class of contaminants having hazardous impact on plants
animals and humans. Wetland macrophytes offer important, cheap and
natural alternatives for the removal of heavy metals from the
contaminated environment. Diferent macrophytes vary in their
potential to remove heavy metals from the surrounding environment.
In this context the present study was carried out to investigate
the metal removal capability of Lemna gibba growing densely in the
Hokersar wetland of the Kashmir, an imporant Ramsar site of Kashmir
Himalayas. The order of heavy metals in Lemna gibba was Fe > Al
> Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn >
Co > Cr > Ni > Cd. The EF of the different heavy metals
in this species indicates that Fe is the most transferred metal
into this species followed by Cd and Mn thus reducing the supply of
Fe, Cd and Mn to marsh detrivores, avifauna, other bioaccumulators
and surface waters. The highest BCF of Lemna gibba also
corresponded to Fe metal which also supports the good
phytoremediation ability of this species. Thus our results suggest
that Lemna gibba is potent wetland macrophytes that can be used for
removal of Fe from the contaminated soils.
Key words: Lemna gibba, Heavy metal, wetland, removal,
avifauna.
*Presenting author: Syed Shakeel Ahmad, University of Kashmir E
mail: [email protected]
4. Ahmad, Syed Shakeel
5. Ahmad, Waqar
Interaction of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and
gibberellic acid to facilitate the hyperaccumulation of selenium in
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Waqar Ahmad*, Hafiz Naeem
Asghar, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Yayha Khan, Zahir Ahmad
ZahirInstitute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
Selenium (Se) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is an
essential nutrient for human and animals, however, it is also toxic
at higher concentrations. The aim of this study was to check the
effectiveness of Se tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
(PGPR) alone as well as in combination with gibberellic acid (GA)
for enhancing Se hyperaccumulation in Indian mustard. Bacteria were
isolated from rhizosphere of Indian mustard. These rhizobacteria
were tested for Se tolerance capability and efficient Se tolerant
rhizobacteria were used as inoculum. Plants were irrigated with
Hoagland solution contaminated with 20 μM sodium selenite in Se
contaminated treatments. The total concentration applied till
harvesting in each jar was 14.4 mg
Se L-1. Gibberellic acid at the rate of 10 μM was applied at 5,
10 and 15 days after sowing in each jar. All the jars were arranged
by following the completely randomized design with three
replications under controlled conditions in growth chamber. Crop
was harvested after 40 days. Study revealed that plant growth was
suppressed significantly (53.4% compared to plant growing in
non-contaminated sand) due to selenium toxicity. However,
inoculation with different Se tolerant PGPR without application of
GA improved growth and physiological parameters in selenium
contamination. But more improvement in biomass (up to 76%),
physiological parameters and Se accumulation in plants were
observed by inoculation of PGPR in combination with GA as compared
to plants growing in sand neither treated with GA, nor inoculated
with PGPR.
Keywords: PGPR, phytohormone, selenium, rhizosphere
*Waqar Ahmad, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
[email protected]
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7. Akhtar, ShaziaEffect of Chelating Agents, Fungi and Native
Plants in Remediation of Metals Contaminated Soils
Shazia Akhtar* Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall
Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Shazia Iram, Fatima Jinnah Women University,
The Mall Rawalpindi, Pakistan
In present study four peri-urban agricultural areas (Multan,
Kasur, Lahore and Gujranwala) in Pakistan were selected and
surveyed in April 2012. Total 138 soil samples, 131 plants and 52
wastewater samples were collected. Soil and waste water samples
were analyzed for their physiochemical parameters and processed for
fungal isolation. Plants samples were tested for heavy metals
contents. In overall assessment Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd was showing high
level of contamination in the studied areas. Maximum fungal
diversity was found in Multan followed by Kasur, Lahore and
Gujranwala. In second phase soil shacking and incubation
experiments were conducted to evaluate the changes in Cu, Cd, Cr
and Pb solubility by addition of different concentration of
Ethylene dinitrilo tetra acetic acid, Diethylene triamine penta
acetic acid, Nitrilo
tri acetic acid and fungal spore suspensions of six metals
tolerant species. It was found that with increasing chelating agent
doses metals availability was increased. Shaking hours of 120 and
20-30 incubation days were noticed the best optimum value for
further experiments. Aspergillus species were proved best for
metals solubilisation from soil matrix. In third phase in-vitro
experiments were conducted growing different seed varieties of
local crops e.g wheat, maize, barely, bajra, sunflower, soybean and
mustard. Root and shoot biomass was recorded and heavy metal
concentrations were checked plants tissues. Higher biomass
production was noticed in maize and mustards crops and these plants
were proved good phytoextractants for heavy metals.
Keywords: Soil, Heavy metals, Chelating agents, Fungi,
Phytoremediation
*Shazia Akhtar, Research Associate and Ph.D Scholar, Department
of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, the mall
Rawalpindi, 46000. [email protected]
6. Aiyesanmi, Ademola FestusAssessing the Potential of Goat Weed
(Ageratum Conyzoidies) for the Phytoremediation of Lead-Polluted
SoilsAdemola F. Aiyesanmi*; Afamefuna E. Okoronkwo; Iyalabake O.
Ajayi, Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of
Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil has been a serious
chanllege to most developing nations of the World. In this study,
Ageratum conyzoides was investigated for its potential to remediate
lead-polluted soil in green house conditions, both naturally and
chelate-induced. Pot experiments were conducted in nursery beds
using lead spiked soils. Varing concentrations of lead salt
solution were used. The plant was grown both directly on the soil
and on soils modified with EDTA and Oxalic acid. The concentration
of lead absorbed by the plants in the unmodified soil gradually
increased with time. The maximum concentration absorbed in the root
over a four-week study period was 37.12 mg/kg, while that of the
shoot was 36.33 mg/kg. This increased significantly in the Ethylene
diamine tetra acetic
acid (EDTA) and Oxalic acid-modified soils with maximum values
(Root:84.98.mg/kg, Shoot: 85.19 mg/kg) and (Root: 81.89 mg/kg,
Shoot: 80.16 mg/kg) respectively. The plant growth was not affected
by the increase in concentration of lead absorbed by the roots and
shoots. This implies that Ageratum conyzoides exhibited a moderate
tolerance for lead-contaminated soils and that of lead-contaminated
soil amended with EDTA and Oxalic acid. The transfer factor ranged
from 0.62 - 0.95 in unammended lead-contaminated soil; 0.75 - 1.04
and 0.84 - 0.98 in soils amended with chelating agents (EDTA and
Oxalic acid respectively). Thus EDTA and Oxalic acid can be used to
enhance the absorption of lead from contaminated soil by Ageratum
conyzoides.
Keywords: polluted soil, lead, remediation, Ageratum conyzoides
, chelating agents
*Aiyesanmi Ademola Festus, Department of Chemistry, The Federal
University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, [email protected]
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8. Ali, Shafaqat
Mannitol alleviates chromium toxicity in wheat plants in
relation to growth, oxidative stress and Cr uptake in sand and soil
media
Shafaqat Ali*; Mujahid Farid; Rehan Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan,
Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University
Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most phyto-toxic metals in the
agricultural soils and its concentration is continuously increasing
mainly through anthropogenic activities. Little is known on the
role of mannitol on plant growth and physiology under metal stress.
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of growth
amelioration and antioxidant enzyme activities in Cr-stressed wheat
(Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lasani 2008) by exogenously applied
mannitol (M). For this, wheat seedlings were planted in pots
containing soil or sand and subjected to increasing Cr
concentration (0, 0.25 and 0.5 mM) in the form of of K2Cr2O7 with
and without foliar application of 100 mM mannitol. Plants were
harvested
after four months and data regarding growth characteristics,
biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzymes were
recorded. Mannitol application increased plant biomass,
photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes while decreased Cr
uptake and accumulation in plants as compared to Cr treatments
alone. In this study, we showed that M applied exogenously to
Cr-stressed wheat plants, which normally cannot synthesize M,
improved their Cr tolerance by increasing growth, photosynthetic
pigments and enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes and by
decreasing Cr uptake and translocation in wheat plants. It is
concluded that M could be used to grow crops on marginally
contaminated soils for which separate remediation techniques are
time consuming and not cost effective.Keywords: anthropogenic,
antioxidant enzymes, chromium, mannitol, photosynthetic
*Shafaqat Ali, Department of Environmental Sciences and
Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road,
Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan [email protected]
9. Ali, ShafaqatCitric acid enhances the phytoextraction of
chromium, plant growth and photosynthesis by alleviating the
oxidative damages in Brassica napus L.
Shafaqat Ali*; Mujahid Farid; Rehan Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan,
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government
College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000,
Pakistan
The present study was performed to assess the performance of
citric acid (CA) through growing Brassica napus in the
phytoextraction of Cr from contaminated soil. Different Cr (0, 100
and 500 µM) and citric acid (0, 2.5 and 5.0 mM) treatments were
applied alone and in combinations to four-week-old seedlings of B.
napus plants in soil under wire house condition. Plants were
harvested after twelve weeks of sowing and the data was recorded
regarding growth characteristics, biomass, photosynthetic pigments,
malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolytic leakage (EL), antioxidant
enzymes and Cr uptake and accumulation. The results showed that the
plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll contents and carotenoid as well
as soluble protein
concentrations significantly decreased under Cr stress alone
while these adverse effects were alleviated by application of CA.
Cr concentration in roots, stem and leaves of CA-supplied plant was
significantly reduced while total uptake of Cr increased in all
plant parts with CA application. Furthermore, in comparison with Cr
treatments alone, CA supply reduced the MDA and EL values in both
shoots and roots. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase
(SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate
peroxidase (APX) in shoots and roots markedly increased by 100 µM
Cr exposure, while decreased at 500 µM Cr stress. CA application
enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to the same
Cr treatment alone. Thus, the data indicate that exogenous CA
application can increase Cr uptake and can minimize Cr stress in
plants.
Keywords: biomass, Brassica napus, chromium, electrolyte
leakage, guaiacol peroxidase*Shafaqat Ali, Department of
Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College
University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
[email protected]
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Preliminary Study for Revegetation of Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings:
Effect of Different Amendments on Plant Growth and Survival
Mariam Al-Lami, MST*; Joel Burken, MSTMine tailings are of
environmental concern due to the potential threat to surrounding
environment arising from eolian and water dispersion of tailings.
Tailings revegetation is required to stabilize tailings materials
and promote in situ immobilization of heavy metals (HMs). Tailings
revegetation is difficult due to poor soil properties, lack of
nutrients, and elevated HMs content. Adding appropriate soil
amendments should be considered to improve physicochemical and
biological properties of tailings. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the viability of biochar, humic substances (HS),
mycorrhiza, and biosolids for their use in revegetation of Pb/Zn
mine tailings with willows, poplars, and miscanthus. Three pot
experiments were carried out using tailings from DOE RUN Mine 28
tailings, Viburnum, MO, U.S. The tailings are characterized by high
Pb/Zn content, slightly alkaline pH, and very low organic matter.
Adding 3% and 5% biochar
increased tailings water holding capacity (WHC) by 9% and 16%,
respectively, compared to control. While hydraulic conductivity
decreased by 17% and 20% with the addition of 3% and 5 % biochar,
respectively. Root and shoot biomass varied among plant species and
treatments. Although HS did not increase biomass, plants looked
more healthy with less leaf necrosis and chlorosis compared to
control which suffered from the most severe chlorosis and necrosis.
A current greenhouse experiment indicates that biosolids
application at 40 dt/acre level significantly enhanced plant growth
for the three species. Being the most effective amendment,
biosolids will be tested for their effects on tailings fertility
and HMs uptake and phytoavailibilty.
Keywords: lead/zinc mine tailings, biochar, humic substances,
mycorrhiza, biosolids.
*Mariam Al-Lami, 1401 North Pine St., 325 Butler Carlton Hall,
Rolla, MO [email protected]
Growth performance, metal accumulation and biochemical responses
of three fern species grown on fly ash contaminated soil
1 *Kumari Alka 1 *Biodiversity division, CSIR- Institute of
Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur- 176 061, H.P., India 2
Pakade Yogesh B 2 Hill Area Tea Science Division, CSIR- Institute
of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur- 176 061, H.P., India
3 Rai Upendra Nath 3 Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory,
CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow – 226001.
U.P., India
Three fern species viz.; Pteris vittata L., Ampelopteris
prolifera (Retz.) Copel. and Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. were
evaluated in terms of plant growth, metal accumulation and
antioxidant responses when grown on different amendments of fly ash
(FA) with garden soil (GS). All the species accumulated significant
amount of metals in both plant parts, fronds and rhizome including
roots; however the
extent of metal accumulation varied. The significant increase in
biomass and photosynthetic pigments were found in the test species
grown on 50 % FA amendment in comparison to 100 % GS as control but
it further decreased, when 100 % fly ash was used. It indicates
that 50 % FA amendment did not generate oxidative stress in ferns
and seems to be suitable substratum for healthy fern growth. The
activity of antioxidant enzymes, like melanoaldehydes (MDA),
superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol
peroxidase (GPX) were induced in 50:50 ratio of FA and GS, and
found maximum in 100 % FA. Further, the fronds of all the species
accumulated more metals than the rhizome with roots as experienced
more oxidative stress, which was reflected by higher activities of
anti-oxidant enzymes in frond biomass. Results showed usefulness of
these species in phytoremediation of toxic metals from FA and their
further implication in revegetation of FA polluted wastelands to
develop dust free, healthy and sustainable environment.
Keywords: fly ash, fern, metals, photosynthetic pigments and
oxidative stress
*Kumari Alka, E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected] Mob. +91-9816937373; Fax.
01894-230411
11. Al-Lami, Mariam
10. Alka, Kumari
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Biodegradation of engine oil by fungi from Mangrove habitat
Fuad Ameen, Sarfaraz Hadi, and Mohamed Moslem, Department of
Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Pollution of land and water by petroleum compounds is a matter
of growing concern necessitating development of methodologies
including microbial biodegradation to minimize the impending
impacts. It has been extensively reported that fungi from polluted
habitats have the potential to degrade pollutants including
petroleum compounds. Red Sea being treaded extensively for
transport of oil is substantially polluted due to leaks, spills and
occasional accidents. Tidal water, floating debris and soil
sediment was collected from mangrove stands on three polluted sites
along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia and forty five fungal
isolates belonging to 13 genera were recovered from these samples.
The isolates were identified on the basis of sequence analysis of
18S rDNA gene fragment.
Nine of these isolates were found to be able to grow in
association with engine oil as sole carbon source under in vitro
conditions. These selected isolates and their consortium
accumulated greater biomass, liberated more CO2 and produced higher
levels of extracellular enzymes during cultivation with engine oil
as compared to he controls. These observations were authenticated
by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis,
which elucidated that many high mass compounds present in the oil
before treatment either disappeared or showed diminished level and
some smaller molecules turned up de novo after treatment with the
fungal isolates.
Key words: Biodegradation; Petroleum hydrocarbons; 18 rDNA;
Biomass
*Fuad Ameen, Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of
Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
[email protected]
12. Ameen, Faud
13. Anjum, Nasser A.
Nanoscale-Copper Responses of Salt Marsh Halophyte Halimione
portulacoides L.
Naser A. Anjum*, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine
Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal;
Iqbal Ahmad, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies,
Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Aveiro,
Portugal; Armando C. Duarte, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro,
Portugal; Eduarda Pereira, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro,
Portugal
In coastal areas, estuarine and salt marsh system can be the
major sink of rapidly produced, multidisciplinary used and
inevitably released engineered nanoparticles, where their obvious
impact on inhabiting biota, and their remediation are least
explored. In this study, for the first time, the effects of
nanoscale-copper oxide (nano-CuO) (
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Phytotoxicity and Phytoremediation Potential of Kenaf (Hibiscus
cannabinus Linn.) in Diesel-Contaminated Soil Amended with Poultry
Manure and N-P-K Fertilizer Babatunde Saheed Bada1*, Semilogo
Gabriel Ogunyade1, Adewole Micheal Gbadebo1, Godwin Anjorin
Ajiboye1 1Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology,
2Department of Soil Science and Land Management, Federal University
of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
AbstractRemediation methods such as soil washing and excavation
are not sustainable. This study determined the phytotoxicity and
phytoremediation potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus Linn.) in
diesel-contaminated soil amended with Poultry Manure (PM) and N-P-K
fertilizer. Phytotoxicity experiment was carried-out using four
kenaf varieties (Cuba 108, Ifeken 400, Ex-shika and Tianung 1) with
10 diesel Contamination Levels (CLs): 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100,
150 and 200 g kg-1 and replicated three times in Completely
Randomized Design (CRD). Germination rate
and growth parameter were taken to compute Emergence Percentage
(EP), Vigour Index (VI) and Tolerance Index (TI). Phytoremediation
experiment was 3 (diesel CLs: 0, 1 and 1.5 % w/w) × 2 (amendments:
PM and N-P-K) factorial in CRD, replicated thrice. After
harvesting, kenaf was separated into leaf, root, core and bast
fibers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and
standard deviation) and ANOVA. Cuba 108 had the highest number of
germinated seedlings (16) with highest EP, VI and TI of 41.67 %,
345.83 and 135.971 % observed at 1, 1 and 1.5 % w/w respectively.
There was significant (p < 0.05) difference between growth and
yield parameters of the control and other CLs. Significantly (p
< 0.05) higher Cr, Cd and Ni were observed in bast fibre at 1.5
% w / w. Highest Cr and Ni values of 21.00 ± 0.50 and 8.33 ± 1.26
mg kg-1 were observed at 1 and 0 % w/w amended with N-P-K.
Keywords: Kenaf varieties, Tolerance, Oil spiked soil, Soil
amendments*presenting author, Department of Environmental
Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, Nigeria [email protected]
15. Bada, Babatunde Saheed
14. Ansari, Abid AliPhytoremediation: Utilizing aquatic plants
for the management of contaminants in aquatic environment.
*Abid Ali Ansari, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
University of Tabuk, Tabuk-71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
This study mainly deals with the discussions on application of
phytoremediation technology in aquatic environments utilizing
aquatic plants for the removal of contaminants. There are many
methods employed to clean up aquatic environment, but most of them
are not as cost effective as phytoremediation. Most of the aquatic
macrophytes have very high potential of phytoremediation by
hyperaccumulation of inorganic and organic forms of various
contaminants, with their metabolism, growth, development and
reproduction unaffected. Aquatic plants are highly capable to
accumulate pollutants in their root
and shoot system and to form phytochelates and stabilized ions.
More studies are required to observe the mechanism behind the
phytoremediation of contaminants from aquatic environment, role of
different environmental factors need to be determined.
Keywords: aquatic plants, contaminants, hyperaccumulators,
phytochelates
*Abid Ali Ansari, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge
financial support from the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR),
University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, under the no.
S-0021-1436.
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16. Bakht, Jehan
NATURAL AND ASSISTED PHYTOEXTRACTION CAPACITY OF TOBACCO
CULTIVARS, THEIR GROWTH AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION UNDER HEAVY METALS
CONTAMINATED SOIL
Jehan Bakht1, Mohammad Shafiq2, Mohammad Shafi31Institute of
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of
Agriculture Peshawar KPK Pakistan2Department of Agronomy, The
University of Agriculture Peshawar KPK Pakistan*= Author for
Correspondence (Email: [email protected])Fax No.
0092-91-9216520
The present study investigates the phyto-accumulating capacity,
growth parameters and protein profiling of two tobacco cultivars
when exposed to heavy metals and EDTA. Heavy metal along with
application of EDTA had a significant effect on growth parameters
(shoot length, leaf fresh weight
and dry weight) and heavy metal accumulation 15 and 30 days
after treatments. All growth parameters were reduced with
increasing concentration of different heavy metals. Growth
parameters were reduced more in dark sun cured as compared to flue
cured Virginia. Application of Cr at the rate of 500 mg kg-1
revealed maximum reduction in leaf fresh weight, dry weight and
shoot length. The data also showed that maximum accumulation of
heavy metals was recorded in flue cured virginia compared with dark
sun cured. Analysis of the proteome of the shoot tissues of heavy
metal and EDTA treated and untreated plants by SDS-PAGE identified
several proteins that are induced by heavy metals and/or by EDTA
application in tobacco plant and which may be involved in
conferring heavy metal metal tolerance. SDS-PAGE revealed that
tobacco cultivars treated with different concentrations of heavy
metal and EDTA induced few proteins while some proteins were
expressed abundantly.
HEAVY METAL TOXICITY: IMPACT ON PLANT DEVELOPMENT AND METAL
UPTAKE BY WHEAT VARIETIES (Ghaznavi-98 and Siren)
Jehan Bakht1*, Syed Adnan Haider1, Mohammad Shafi2 and Muhammad
Adil Khan3 1 Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering,
The University of Agriculture Peshawar KPK Pakistan 2 Department of
Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar KPK Pakistan
considered as a potential hyperaccumulator plant variety. 3
Division of Plant Sciences,Research School of Biology,The
Australian National University,134 Linnaeus Way,Acton, Australian
Capital Territory, 2601, Australia * = Author for Correspondence
(Email: jehanbakht@ yahoo.co.uk) Fax No. 0092-91-9216520
This study investigates the effect of heavy metals and EDTA on
the plant development and heavy metals uptake by wheat (Triticum
Aestivum L.) cultivars, that is, Ghaznavi-98 and Siren. The results
revealed that heavy metals and EDTA
exposure had significantly affected plant physiological traits
such as shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and also its ability
to accumulate heavy metals. A trend of reduction in plant growth
was noticed when heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) were applied in
increasing concentrations. Maximum decrease was noted in Cd
treatment at 40 mg.kg-1. However, minimum reduction was measured
when treated with 100 mg Pb kg-1, showing that these plants are
more tolerant to lead. The statistical data also revealed that
application of EDTA (5mM) had significantly increased heavy metal
accumulation in plants especially Siren. A general pattern of
increase in heavy metal accumulation was observed when heavy metals
were applied in increasing concentrations. The data depicted that
maximum uptake was noted at 200 mg Pb kg-1. The outcome of this
study corroborated that heavy metal uptake was enhanced by the
application of EDTA and also had a drastic significant effect on
plant physiological characteristics. Furthermore, amongst
cultivars, Siren can accumulate more heavy metal in their tissue
and can be used for decontamination of heavy metal polluted soil
and thus can be considered as a potential hyperaccumulator plant
variety.
17. Bakht, Jehan
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18. Balcom, Ian
Microbial ecology of an ecological wastewater treatment plant:
insights intopharmaceutical removal processes.
Ian Balcom, PhD, Lyndon State College, Dept. of Natural
Sciences, 1001 College Rd, Lyndonville, VT 05581
The effects of environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals
and personal care products (PPCPs) have received significant
attention in recent years. Due to their widespread use, incomplete
removal during wastewater treatment, contamination of aquatic
environments, presence in municipal drinking water, and regulatory
status, this diverse class of pollutants may represent a
significant risk to people and the environment. While PPCP removal
processes in conventional wastewater treatment plants have
beenthoroughly examined, few studies have examined PPCP removal
processes in engineered ecological wastewater treatment systems
(Eco-Machines®). Ecological wastewater treatment systems utilize
microbial metabolic processes to treat aqueous wastes including
human wastewater. However, the microbial ecology of these systems
has not been described. To address these gaps in knowledge of the
functioning of ecological wastewater treatment systems, the
microbial ecology an Eco-Machine® treating human
wastewater at an interstate rest area in central Vermont was
characterized using culture-independent next-generation DNA
sequencing methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from aqueous and
plant root-associatedimmersed biofilm phases of each component of
the wastewater treatment system. Additionally, the aqueous phase
concentration of PPCPs in each of the system components was
quantified. By employing bioinformatic characterization of the
translated DNA sequences, the taxonomic and metabolic diversity of
the system’s microbiome was characterized. A greaterabundance and
diversity of both microbial genera and xenobioticmetabolizing genes
was identified in the plant-associated immersed biofilm samples.
Additionally, the immersed biofilm samples showed greater
phylogenetic and metabolic variability than the aqueous phase
samples. These results indicate plant root associated microbial
populations are driving aqueous PPCP biodegradation in ecological
wastewater treatment systems. Moreover, differences in phylogenetic
and metabolic diversity between samples collected from separate
locations with identical phyiochemical conditions indicate plant
selection may be influencing aqueous PPCP biodegradation.
Phytoremediation Case Studies in Manhattan, Kansas
Charles Barden, KSU, Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and
Recreation Resources; Ashley Stiffarm, Davey Tree, Resource
Group
Phytoremediation case studies at two sites in Manhattan, Kansas
were conducted; the KSU Old Chemical Waste Landfill; and Biosolids
Disposal Farm, operated by the City of Manhattan. The remediation
goal at the KSU Old Chemical Waste Landfill is to get hydraulic
control of a polluted groundwater plume, using trees to take up and
transpire 1, 4 Dioxane. Several rows of poplar, Populus species,
were deep planted to facilitate root growth to a greater depth in
the heavy clay loam soil, to enhance the probability of pollutant
uptake from the shallow groundwater. Additional rows of trees were
also established down gradient. The remediation goal at the
Biosolids Disposal Farm was to establish a tree
root barrier to reduce the flow of nitrate-rich groundwater into
the Kansas River, with a three row planting established in 2004. In
2006, a trench study was installed to improve tree establishment on
a sandy outwash area where an earlier tree planting had failed.
Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila, and two sources of cottonwood, Populus
deltoides, were planted. Treatments included trenching, composted
manure, and tree shelters. There were significant interactions
between the treatments on planting stock performance, but the
planting was successfully established. An average-sized cottonwood
from the 2004 planting was excavated at age 10, and was found to be
rooted to a depth of 18’, close to the water table.
Keyword: nitrate, dioxane, biosolids, cottonwood, Populus
*Charles Barden, 2021 Throckmorton, Manhattan, KS 66506,
[email protected]
19. Barden, Charles
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21. Bokhari, Syeda
Phytoremediation Potential of Lemna minor L. for Heavy
Metals
Syeda Bokhari, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection,
PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National
Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan*; Iftikhar Ahmad,
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, PARC Institute of
Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research
Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan; Muhammad Mahmood-ul-Hassan, Department
of Natural Resource Management, PARC Institute of Advanced Studies
in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad,
Pakistan; Ashiq Mohammad, Department of Plant and Environmental
Protection, PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture,
National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan; Anjum
Munir, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, PARC
Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural
Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Conventional remediation methods of waste water treatment are
expensive and are not environment friendly. A glass house
experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation potential
of Lemna minor for cadmium, copper, lead and nickel by growing in
raw sewage mixed industrial effluent and municipal effluent for a
period of
31 days. Plant and water were sampled periodically from
experimental tubs at days 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 and were analyzed
for heavy metal concentration. Phytoremedial parameters, i.e.,
percentage removal efficiency, metal uptake and bio concentration
factor were calculated. Results of physical, chemical and
microbiological composition showed that municipal effluent was more
contaminated in terms of organic and nutrient load. Heavy metal
concentration in the effluents was decreased with increasing
exposure time and significant differences were found between
initial and subsequently sampled water. Heavy metal concentration
in plant was also increased and uptake of lead (Pb) was
significantly higher (p < 0.01) than other metals. Removal
efficiency (%) of plant was greater than 80 percent for all heavy
metals. Maximum bio concentration factor values were observed for
copper and lead which were 558 and 523, respectively. L. minor
demonstrated the ability to remove heavy metals from both types of
effluent and high removal percentage and metal uptake capacity give
evidence of its phytoremediation efficacy.
Keywords: industrial and municipal effluents, heavy metal,
phytoremediation, duckweed, metal uptake
*Syeda Bokhari, House No. 658, Street No. 18, Sector I-8/2,
Islamabad, Pakistan [email protected]
22. Boyer, Will
Vegetative Buffer for Treating Surface Runoff from Livestock
Confinement Facilities in Kansas
Will Boyer, Kansas State University Research and Extension
Vegetative buffers are used in Kansas to treat runoff from
livestock facilities which do not have state or federal permits.
Permits are required of facilities having at least 1,000 animal
units or having “significant water pollution potential.” Regardless
of size, any facility with a waste storage structure or piped
discharge is considered a significant pollution potential.
Confinement facilities without a permit are expected maintain an
adequate vegetative buffer to avoid having significant pollution
potential. Eleven surface water pollution potential factors are
used to evaluate the adequacy of a buffer. Animal units,
utilization period and pen slope are factors related to the amount
of waste which could runoff from a pen. Annual rainfall, 25 year/24
hour storm, and extraneous drainage are factors influencing the
amount
and intensity of water which could carry waste downstream.
Vegetation type, soil type, and the size of the buffer in relation
to the size of the pen area are buffer treatment factors. And
finally, distance to protected water body and slope to protected
water body are factors related to the chance that pollutants could
impact a classified stream. Each factor is ranked on scale from 1-9
or 1-10 and the score for all eleven factors are summed. If the
total is 60 or less then the facility is considered to have an
adequate buffer. This system is applied statewide but it is only a
guide to for evaluating surface water pollution potential. A number
of other things are considered in determining Kansas water
pollution potential.
Key words: buffers, decision support, regulation, water quality,
livestock waste
Will Boyer, 2014 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, Kansas
[email protected]
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23. Bradfield, Scott
Accumulation of metal oxide engineered nanoparticle in sweet
potato
Scott Bradfield*, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois
University Carbondale; Pawan Kumar, Department of Plant Biology,
Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Xingmao Ma, Deparment of
Civil Engineering, Texas A &M University; Stephen Ebbs,
Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern
Illinois University Carbondale
The increased production of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has
raised concern about their potential release into the environment,
both intentionally and unintentionally. There are several avenues
of exposure for ENPs to come in contact with plant foods. Of plant
foods, root vegetables have the greatest likelihood of taking up
and accumulating ENPs due to their direct contact with soils. A
suite of metal oxide ENPs and their ionic counterparts were used to
evaluate the uptake and accumulation of metal oxide ENPs in sweet
potatoes. The sweet potatoes were grown outdoors in 6 quart pots
containing a mixture of potting mix, perlite, and sand treated with
four concentrations of the ENPs and ions (0, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg
kg-1). The leachate from the pots was collected and recirculated
to
prevent the loss of ENPs or ions through leaching. After
harvest, tubers of similar dimensions were selected to be processed
for elemental analysis. Additional steps were made to examine
whether common food preparation steps alter metal oxide ENP dietary
exposure. Dietary exposure modeling will be used to determine the
potential nutritional bioaccessibility of the metals from the ENPs
in the sweet potatoes. In order to provide a comprehensive
assessment of the potential food safety risk posed by metal oxide
ENPs, the nutritional bioaccessibility of the metals from the ENPs
will be demonstrated and models projecting dietary exposures will
be produced. Future work with the remainder of the tissues may be
used for a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) to gain
additional knowledge on how metal oxide ENPs may affect the
nutrition.
Keywords: engineered nanoparticles, food safety, dietary
exposure
Scott Bradfield, presenting author, 420 Life Science II, 1125
Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901-6509, Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale, IL [email protected]
24. Burken, JoelNovel Plant Sensing of Landfill Flaws for
Ecological and Human Health Benefits.
Joel Burken, Missouri University of Science and Technology*,
Rahul Sukharia, Missouri University of Science and Technology;
Danielle West, Missouri University of Science and Technology;
Jordan Wilson, Missouri University of Science and Technology, and
Tommy Goodwin, Missouri University of Science and Technology
The scale and number of landfills in the US is staggering, and
many were closed long before current regulations (RCRA) worked to
limit what was placed in landfills and how landfills were
constructed, operated and closed. As a result we have a vast number
of waste repositories that are not a question of ‘will they impact
environment and human health?’ the question is ‘When and how?’
Novel methods of plant sensing have been used to delineate
leachate plumes, including hydrocarbons, chlorinated
compounds, and inorganics. Current and past approaches will be
overviewed in this talk. A specific case study will be presented,
where large areas of urban, industrial and active landfilling areas
were assessed for multiple organics and radionuclides. Current
research methods are looking at assessing plant health with remote
sensing and aerial-based scanning of large areas to assess leachate
plumes, seeps, and gas emissions. These methods could streamline
problem identification long before traditional methods would have
been enacted to determine leachate or emissions. Methods can also
be integrated with living ECaps that are now approved for
mitigating percolation and treating collected leachate. The speed,
large spatial scale and reduced costs offered with integrated plant
assessments are protective of human health and preventative of
ecological impacts.
Keywords: landfill leachate, plant sensing, phytoforensics,
*Presenting author: 1401 N. Pine St, Rolla, MO 65409
[email protected]
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25. Burken, JoelPhytoforensic Detection of Subsurface
Geochemistry Reactions: Field, Laboratory and Classroom
Applications
Joel Burken, Missouri University of Science and Technology*,
Matt Limmer, University of Delaware; Danielle West, Missouri
University of Science and Technology; Jordan Wilson, Missouri
University of Science and Technology and Tommy Goodwin, Missouri
University of Science and Technology
Plants are well known to transport both organic and inorganic
chemicals from the subsurface, which is beneficial in assessing the
spatial extent of subsurface pollutants. However this transport
also provides insight to the potential for subsurface degradation,
when assessing the presence of parent compounds and also
metabolites (i.e. daughter products). At numerous field sites the
presence of daughter products and ratios of degradable to
recalcitrant compounds are indicative of subsurface reactions and
reaction rates.
A set of laboratory and field experiments were also conducted,
revealing a correlation of in-planta
concentrations with degradation process in the subsurface.
Reactions were noted for both BTEX hydrocarbons and chlorinated
solvents and for both microbial degradation and for abiotic
reactions. The potential applications offer an additional line of
evidence for natural attenuation applications and increasing the
acceptance of low-impact remediation approaches.
The methods were also utilized in classroom settings, showing
potential of using plant uptake studies to teach plant-contaminant
interactions, trans-membrane, geochemical reactions, vapor
intrusion potential, and analytic chemistry. Methods were
successful to demonstrate the impact of engineered degradation
zones without testing soil or groundwater.
Keywords: Geochemistry, natural attenuation, plant sensing,
phytoforensics
*Presenting author: 1401 N. Pine St, Rolla, MO 65409
[email protected]
26. Canfield, JessicaGreen Infrastructure Demonstration and
Training: Monitoring and Interpreting Two Sites on the Kansas State
University Campus
Jessica Canfield, Kansas State University (KSU-LARCP)*; Stacy
Hutchinson, KSU-BAE; Katie Kingery-Page, KSU-LARCP; Lee R.
Skabelund, KSU-LARCP.
As educators, designers, and stewards of the land, we view green
infrastructure projects as part of a larger ecological restoration
effort. We seek to “address issues of ecological degradation,
biodiversity loss, and sustainability science simultaneously” to
engender a holistic perspective in regards to restoring hydrologic
and ecological functions (Clewell & Aronson 2007, p.1). Having
holistic restoration as our stretch‐goal helps citizens achieve
positive changes in their neighborhoods, cities, and eco-regions.
Small sites influence larger systems and vice versa, and given that
essentially all work related to conserving and enhancing ecological
functions begins on some type of site, we should aim to make a
positive difference on all sites regardless of their size. Such
sites can significantly improve ecosystem services in urban areas
and do so in beautiful and engaging/educational
ways (Echols & Pennypacker 2008; Liptan & Murase 2002;
Grant 2012). Our overall project goal is to utilize K‐State’s ISC
Rain‐Garden and Beach Museum Meadow sites as living laboratories
(Duschl et al. 2007), where faculty and students can monitor and
interpret the multifaceted performance benefits of green
infrastructure. In doing so we will engage an interdisciplinary
team of undergraduate students, including students in Landscape
Architecture and Biological and Agricultural Engineering courses in
developing and implementing a monitoring program; in collecting and
analyzing landscape performance data; and in documenting and
disseminating findings and lessons learned (building on Moore et
al. 2012). This presentation describes the range of activities that
our interdisciplinary project will entail and the tangible
educational results of the project.
Keywords: green infrastructure, monitoring hydrology and
ecosystem services, sustainable campus design and management;
student and community engagement/learning
*Jessica Canfield, Department of Landscape Architecture |
Regional and Community Planning, College of Architecture Planning
& Design, 302 Seaton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan,
KS; [email protected]
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27. Chaney, Rufus L.Effect of Soil Volume on Yield of and Ni
Hyperaccumulation by Alyssum corsicum.
Ilya Baklanov, University of Maryland, Dept. Civil & Environ
Eng., College Park, MD; Thomas C. Ryan, Paint Branch High School,
Burtonsville, Maryland; Rufus L. Chaney*, USDA-Agricultural
Research Service, Crop Systems and Global Change Lab, Beltsville,
MD; and Allen P. Davis, University of Maryland, Dept. Civil &
Environ Eng., College Park, MD.
Plant uptake of some nutrients is limited by the diffusion of an
element from soil surfaces binding the nutrient to the root cell
membrane where absorption occurs. For such nutrients, plant uptake
can be strongly limited by the plant root surface area. Ni
concentration in soil solution of ultramafic soils is quite low
(about 0.8 μM in saturation extract of the Brockman variant silt
loam from Josephine Co., Oregon; total Ni = 4700 mg/kg), yet
Alyssum Ni hyperaccumulator species growing on this soil in the
field accumulate 1.5-2% Ni in dry shoots and support commercial
phytomining of Ni.
In order to better understand the effect of soil volume on Ni
hyperaccumulation by A. corsicum from Ni rich ultramafic soil we
conducted a test of the growth and Ni and nutrient accumulation in
the shoots of plants grown for 60 days in a
greenhouse. Soil mass in the pots varied from 274 g (8 cm
diameter, 7 cm tall), 593 g (10 cm by 8 cm), 1.39 kg (13 cm by 12
cm), 2.24 kg (15 cm by 13 cm), 4.90 kg (20 cm by 16 cm) to 8.57 kg
(23 cm by 20 cm) using plastic pots. Yields were 0.56±0.18 g,
0.63±0.24 g, 3.16±0.37 g, 6.48±1.62 g, 5.81±0.90 g, and 5.27±0.30 g
in the series of pot sizes, and shoot Ni concentration was
2.22±0.50 g/kg, 1.31±0.35 g/kg, 4.22±0.75 g/kg, 6.86±0.95 g/kg,
7.48±0.28 g/kg, and 9.38±0.86 mg/kg dry biomass. Yield of Ni was
0.70±0.22, 1.01±0.46, 11.4±2.4, 40.2±4.6, 43.8±8.1 and 49.5±5.4
mg/pot showing the remarkable effect of pot/soil volume on growth
and Ni hyperaccumulation by A. corsicum.
The present study shows the importance of rooting volume to Ni
hyperaccumulation, and to research on Ni phytomining technologies.
These findings are likely to be relevant to other soils and species
where the element being studied is strongly bound by soils and is
obtained by diffusion soil from sorption sites to root
surfaces.
Keywords: Phytoextraction, Hyperaccumulation; Nickel, Alyssum,
Diffusion.
*Presenting author, B-007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705.
[email protected]
28. Chaudhary, Hassan
Influence of endophytic Bacillus pumilus and EDTA on the
phyto-extraction of Cu from soil using Cicer arietinum
Hassan Javed Chaudharya*, Amnaa
Plants possess promising remediation potential for
metal-contaminated soils particularly in response to application of
growth promoting bacteria and metal chelators like
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Current study was designed
to screen out the nested belongings of Cicer arietinum and Bacillus
pumilus (KF 875447) at different copper (Cu) levels and their
potential to deal with Cu uptake from contaminated soils. A pot
experiment was carried out by examining soil containing C.
arietinum seedlings either inoculated with B. pumilus or
un-inoculated plants along with 5mM EDTA. Plants were subjected to
three different concentrations of Cd (i.e., 250, 350, and 500 ppm)
for 48 days. An increase in Cu uptake was observed for C. arietinum
plants inoculated with B. pumilus than un-inoculated plants. Among
the different treatments, C. arietinum showed improved values for
different growth parameters
in presence of B. pumilus, root length (37 %), shoot length (31
%), whole fresh and (45 %), dry plant weight (27 %), and
chlorophyll contents (32 %).Based on shoot and root tolerance
indexes, > 70% of metal (500 ppm) tolerance was observed in C.
arietinum. Application of B. pumilus and EDTA significantly
enhanced metal accumulation by plant up to 19% and 36%
respectively. While both in combine increases metal accumulation up
to 41%. Bioaccumulation and translocation factor revealed that
plant can phyto-extract Cu, and this ability is helped when
inoculated with B. pumilus. Futhermore, EDTA improved metal
accumulation ability of plant purely reflected its role as a strong
chelating agent, sequestering metal ions with diminishing
toxicities.
Key words: Cicer arietinum; Bacillus pumilus; Phytoremediation;
EDTA; Copper
*Hassan Javed Chaudhary, Ph. D, aDepartment of Plant Sciences,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University,
45320-Islamabad, Pakistan, E-mail: [email protected], Tel:
+925190643004, Fax: +925190643070
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29. Clausen, Lauge
Aerobic TCE degradation by willows and three root colonizing
Bacterial strains of B. cepacia
Lauge PW Clausen1*, Ulrich Gosewinkel Karlson2 Mette Martina
Broholm1 and Stefan Trapp1 1 Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby,
Denmark 2 Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University,
Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark * Corresponding
Author: Tel +45 4525 1477; e-mail: [email protected]
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widespread soil- and groundwater
contaminant constituting a potential risk to humans and
environment. Clean-up of TCE contaminated sites is often
problematic and expensive. If possible, phytoremediation may be a
cost-effective solution. The present study investigates TCE
degradation rates by willows (S. viminalis) with and without three
bacterial strains of root colonizing Burkholderia cepacia (B.
cepacia 301C, PR1-31
and pTOM). Willows were grown hydroponically for 3 weeks in
modified ISO 8692 nutrient solution, pH approx. 8, with minimized
chloride content. Plants were exposed to 5 and 10 mg TCE/L and
refilled with TCE solution weekly. Transpiration was monitored as
health indicator of the trees. TCE mineralization was tracked by
formation of Cl-. Preliminary results show that willows alone do
not, or with a small rate, degrade TCE. However, we expect that
their associated rhizospheric microbes, the three strains of B.
cepacia, can degrade or co-metabolic degrade TCE under aerobic
conditions. Degradation rates will be presented, discussed and
compared with literature findings. The experiment is expected to
clarify whether phytoremediation of TCE with and without
rhizobacteria such as B. cepacia is feasible or not. Furthermore,
this simple experiment allows us to screen for potential TCE
degrading and root-colonising bacteria applicable for bio-enhanced
phytoremediation.
Keywords: TCE; degradation; phytoremediation; Burkholderia
cepacia 301C, PR1-31 and pTOM.
30. Conklin, Karah
Lessons Learned from the Long-Term Monitoring and Management of
a Large Scale Phyto Plot
Karah Conklin*, Roux Associates, Inc. and Amanda Ludlow, Roux
Associates, Inc.
Roux Associates, Inc. installed a 42-acre phytoremediation plot
at a former petroleum refinery in Rhode Island to address petroleum
residuals and dissolved phase groundwater impacts. A mixture of
deep-rooting phytotechnology species (hybrid poplar and black
willow) and native species (green ash and red maple) were installed
to promote rhizodegradation of residual organics,
phytostabilization of metals (i.e., lead), and hydraulic control of
groundwater via evapotranspiration mechanisms. A pilot plot
consisting of 130 trees was installed in 2000 to demonstrate the
applicability of the technology to the Site and the full-scale
installation of the 15,000 tree phyto plot was conducted in 2009.
This presentation will address the lessons learned from the
implementation, monitoring and maintenance the pilot and full scale
phytoremediation plots over the last 15 years
including:
• Project Planning – What are the challenges of implementing a
large plot based on a pilot scale test? • Implementation – How do
you balance costs while ensuring proper implementation? •
Monitoring – How do you cost effectively monitor 15,000 trees and
produce usable data to determine plot performance? • Maintenance -
How do you cost-effectively manage 42 acres of trees on a
semi-remote site? • Performance – How does the full-scale plot
performance compare to the pilot plot performance? How do biotic
and abiotic factors (e.g., drought, insect infestation, etc.)
affect plot performance? Has the phyto plot been able to achieve
the project objectives?
Keywords: phytoremediation, petroleum, long term results
*Karah Conklin, 209 Shafter Street, Islandia, NY
[email protected]
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White Island: From Trash to Treasure Karah Conklin*, Roux
Associates, Inc. and Amanda Ludlow, Roux Associates, Inc. White
Island, an 80-acre former municipal landfill located in Brooklyn,
New York, is one of the first grassland mitigation projects
required by New York State. The former landfill exhibited severe
erosion and was dominated by invasive species. Restoration of the
island to high quality maritime grasslands was completed by the
City of New York Department of Parks & Recreation in spring
2013. The project served as mitigation for the loss of 56 acres of
maritime grassland habitat due to construction of a nearby Housing
Development and Retail Center. The NYSDEC determined the loss of
grassland habitat was a significant adverse impact on several bird
species and the creation of new maritime grassland habitat on White
Island was required as compensatory mitigation. The main objectives
of the restoration design were to: • Create habitat for rare or
special-status species; • Increase biodiversity; • Control invasive
species; and • Improve shoreline stability. The
design incorporated several vegetative zones to provide suitable
diverse habitat for ground nesting avian species, while supporting
habitat for other wildlife. The vegetative zones were designed to
provide contiguous acres of suitable grasslands habitat, maximize
edge diversity, provide shelter and control erosion. Over 150,000
cubic yards of sand was installed across the island surface to
create a planting substrate free of invasive species for the
colonization by a variety warm-season grasses to attract ground
nesting shorebirds. Additionally, various vegetative bioengineering
stabilization practices were implemented along the island’s
shoreline to contain landfill waste and provide a connective
vegetated zone along the shore for wildlife use.
Keywords: Ecorestoration, habitat creation, shoreline
stabilization, grassland mitigation
*presenting author, 209 Shafter Street, Islandia,
[email protected]
31. Conklin, Karah
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment:Using Natural Systems in the
Middle East
Kelly Coulon, Roux Associates Inc.*; Amanda Ludlow, Roux
Associates Inc.Water is a particularly important resource in the
Middle East, where fresh water typically comes from desailnation
plants. Roux Associates designed a natural wastewater treatment
solution for a 3,000 acre new industrial facility in Saudi Arabia.
The 23-acre treatment system was designed to manage sanitary
wastewater, process wastewater, and stormwater for a combined total
flow of 2 million gallons per day. The major system components
include: primary sedimentation and anaerobic treatment tanks,
enhanced horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands to degrade
organics and nitrogen,
downflow soil filters for disinfection and phosphorus removal, a
backup UV disinfection system, a treated water holding tank and
pump station to convey water to the facility for 100% reuse, and
activated alumina filters to remove fluoride from stormwater
runoff. The effluent from the treatment system is reused in the
manufacturing process and for irrigation, thus reducing water
demand by over 2 million gallons per day and saving more than $7
million annually that would otherwise be used to purchase fresh
water.
Keywords: treatment wetland, CTW, Middle East, industrial,
wastewater
*presenting author, 209 Shafter Street, Islandia, NY
[email protected]
32. Coulon, Kelly
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Stacking it Up: Combining Gravel Infiltration Basin and
Constructed Treatment Wetland for Process and Storm Water Treatment
in San Jose, California Angela Cutting, Ph.D., P.E., Roux
Associates, Inc.*; Bjorn Wespestad, P.E., Roux Associates, Inc.;
Nicole Rodriguez, Roux Associates, Inc.; Phyllip Nguyen, P.E., San
Jose Water Company; Francois Rodigari, San Jose Water Company An
innovative and green design for well blow-off water and storm water
treatment was engineered and implemented in San Jose, California.
The approach utilized constructed treatment wetlands to maximize
evapotranspiration, treatment and infiltration of storm water
runoff generated from a 3-acre site. In addition to storm water,
the CTW also treats and manages well blowoff water (up to 1,350
gallons per minute) from SJWC’s meter testing facility.The final
design is a sump pond treatment system providing the following
primary treatment mechanisms: 1) eight-feet gravel media for
filtration of total suspended solids and associated metals; 2)
two-feet deep surface CTW on top of the gravel filter for the
treatment of biological oxygen
demand, ammonia, and petroleum compounds; and 3) three-feet of
free board for temporary storage during storms and well blowoff
events. The CTW is comprised of shallow marshes and open water
gravel channels. All water inputs are piped to the gravel filter at
the bottom of the CTW and daylight in the gravel open water channel
if the inflows exceed the infiltration capacity of the sump. The
shallow marshes aid in the storm water treatment by impeding flow
and trapping contaminants. The vegetation, which includes wetland
species tolerant of both wet and dry conditions, stabilizes and
protects deposited sediments from resuspension during large storm
events. The construction was completed in February 2015 and the
treatment system is in full operation.
Keywords: constructed wetlands, storm water, gravel filter
*Angela Cutting, Roux Associates, Inc., 555 12th Street, Suite
1725, Oakland, CA [email protected]
33. Cutting, Angela
34. Dahmer, CarolinaDDT Remediation at Point Pelee National
Park: Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Phytoextraction
Approaches
Carolina Dahmer*, RMC; Barbara Zeeb, RMC; Allison Rutter, Queens
University.
Point Pelee National Park (PPNP) is heavily contaminated with
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). This pesticide was widely
used for mosquito and pest control in the Park from 1948 to 1967.
Since the 1990’s when the presence of DDT was discovered in tissue
samples from the Park’s wildlife, DDT has become a major concern
for Parks Canada personnel. The focus has been on remediation
techniques that will not interfere with the ecological integrity of
the Park. These techniques have included phytoextraction of DDT by
crop species, Curcubita pepo, and native plant species, including
Panicum virgatum and Schizachyrium scoparim, as well as the use of
hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to increase DDT solubility and
microbial degradation. HPβCD is not commonly used in remediation,
however early experimentation by previous studies presented
optimistic
results. They reported removal of up to 90% DDT from surface
soils at the experimental site, and suggested that the decrease in
DDT concentration was due to enhance in-situ biological
degradation. A re-examination of their data suggests that HPβCD
could actually be mobilizing DDT into the groundwater, rather than
enhancing its degradation. Moreover, there is no solid evidence
that microbial degradation of DDT increased due to HPβCD
application. Although both remediation methods have been tested at
pilot-scale in PPNP a possible combine approach is yet to be
investigated. The present study focuses on understanding the true
role of HPβCD in DDT remediation and the possibility of combining
its use with phytoextraction.
Key words: DDT, hydroxypropyl-B-cyclodextrin, phytoextraction,
soil
*presenting author, Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), 13
General Crerar, Sawyer Building, Room 3518, PO Box 17000, Stn
Forces, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7K 7B4
[email protected]
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35. Dan, YongboCharacterization of Gold Nanoparticles Uptake by
Tomato Plants Using Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectrometry
Yongbo Dan, Missouri S&T*; Honglan Shi, Missouri S&T;
Weilan Zhang, Texas A&M University; Runmiao Xue, Missouri
S&T; Xingmao Ma, Texas A&M University; Chady Stephan,
PerkinElmer Inc.; Joel Burken, Missouri S&T
Plants, as one of the most important ecological receptors as
well as food sources for humans and wild lives, play a critical
role in the fate and transport of engineered nanoparticles (NPs)
through NPs uptake and bioaccumulation. Interactions between
engineered NPs and plants, especially food plants, constitute a
significant part of the risk assessment of engineered NPs in the
environment. Unfortunately, current technologies are limited to
reveal the concentration and unique characteristics of NPs once
they enter into plant tissues. A novel enzymatic digestion method,
followed by single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass
spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) analysis was evaluated for simultaneous
determination of gold NP (AuNP) size, size distribution, particle
concentration, and dissolved Au
concentration in tomato tissues. NexION 300/350D ICP-MS with
Syngistix™ NanoApp module the market only dedicated software for
SP-ICP-MS was used for the data collection and handling. The
experimental results showed that Macerozyme R-10 enzyme digestion
was capable of extracting AuNPs from tomato tissues without causing
dissolution or aggregation of AuNPs. The quantitative AuNP size
detection limit of the developed SP-ICP-MS method was 20 nm and the
AuNP particle concentration detection limit was 1000 NPs/mL. The
particle concentration recovery of spiked AuNPs was high (79%-96%)
in quality control samples. The developed SP-ICP-MS method was able
to accurately measure AuNP size, size distribution, and particle
concentration in tomato plant matrix. The dosing study indicated
that tomato can uptake AuNPs as intact particles without
alternating the AuNPs properties.
Key words: single particle-ICP-MS, nanoparticle uptake by plant,
gold nanoparticle in tomato, Macerozyme R-10 enzyme
Yongbo Dan, 225A Schrenk Hall, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, MO
65409 [email protected]
36. Daniel Garcia-Mercado, Hector
Phytoremediation research on contaminant fate: Mercury in
Mexican polluted soils
Cand. Dr. García-Mercado Héctor Daniel*
[email protected] Mrs. Prof. Dr. Fernández-Villagómez
Georgina** [email protected] Dr. Garzón-Zúñiga Marco
Antonio*** [email protected] Mrs. Prof. Dr. Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa
María del Carmen* [email protected]*UNAM, Facultad de Química, DIQ,
Edif. E-3, Laboratorios 301-302-303, Ciudad Universitaria, México
D.F. 04510, México Tel. (+52) 5556225300, 5556225301,
5556225302Fax. (+52) 5556225303 **UNAM, Facultad de Ingeniería,
Edif. T, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D.F.,
México***Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). Investigador
Titular. Academia de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro
Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Regional
(CIIDIR) Unidad Durango, Sigma 119, Colonia 20 de Noviembre II,
34234 Durango, Dgo. México
Mexico produces mercury and its mining has contaminated
neighboring soil sites. The aim of this research was to
evaluate mercury´s fate in lab scale artificial wetlands
considering the following mercury species: soluble,
interchangeable, strongly bound, organic, and residual ones. Soil
samples from two former mercury mines, “La Lorena” and “San José”,
belonging to the Municipality of Pinal de Amoles, Querétaro, México
(N 20° 58’ to 21° 21’ and West 99º 26’ to 99° 43’) were studied
during 36 weeks using ex-situ lab scale artificial wetlands.
Initial mercury contents were of 424.71±29.16 and 433.38±12.02 mg
kg-1, respectively. Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis were
used to evaluate its biochemical response using 20 reactors (2 with
each soil sample and each hydrophyte one control without plant and
its replicas). The reactors were weekly fed with a nutrient
solution containing a suitable N:P:K ratio for each plant, that for
simulating rain conditions in that area had a pH value of 5.0.
Mercury removal rates for both systems were of 55-78% for T.
latifolia and 58-82% to P. australis. Mercury fate was assessed
through an overall mass balance that indicated there are mercury
emissions to the atmosphere.
Key Words: Mercury fate, Mexican polluted soils,
Phytoremediation, Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis
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37. Desjardins, Dominic
Species assemblage promotes functional complementarity for
remediation of multi-contaminated brownfield
Dominic Desjardins, IRBV-UMontréal*; Frédéric E. Pitre,
IRBV-Jardin botanique de Montréal; Michel Labrecque, IRBV-Jardin
botanique de Montréal
Phytoremediation needs to overcome obstacles to be considered as
a viable alternative by brownfield landowners and stakeholders.
Knowledge about several plant and microorganism remediation
abilities is now available for scientists and practitioners to
implement, but most of it is derived from single plant species
trials. In addition, ecosystems are considered to be productive,
resistant and resilient to stress because their components fulfill
complementary functions. We think a functional diversity approach,
which would promote expression of relevant remediation functions
sought for gentle remediation approaches, should therefore be
adopted for phytomanagement of brownfield soils.
A mesocosm experiment including all possible three species
combinations (i.e. Salix miyabeana, Medicago sativa and Festuca
arundinacea in mono and co-cropping) in a
brownfield soil co-contaminated with Ag, Cu, Zn, PAHs and PHs
was conducted during the summer of 2014. The first results
available confirm equal yields in some of the co-cropping
treatments compared to equivalent monoculture densities.
Complementary trace elements bioaccumulation and organic
pollutant degradation are used to assess the remediation
efficiency. Data regarding root functional traits, proportion of
TEs labile pool and microbial community diversity will be obtained
in the upcoming months. This will allow us to describe the
functionality of our diverse plant-systems exposed to a
multi-contaminated brownfield soil.
Our integrated approach aims to detail how a strategy that takes
advantage of biodiversity can be beneficial for phytoremediation
initiatives in terms of ecological functioning, sustainability and
remediation efficiency.
Keywords: remediation, functional complementarity, designed
plant-system, diversity, phytomanagement
*Dominic Desjardins, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, CA
[email protected]
Rice Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins Play Critical Role in
Arsenite and Boron Transport and Providing Tolerance in Plants
Om Parkash Dhankher1*, Kareem Mosa1,2, Kundan Kumar1,3, Sudesh
Chhikara1, and Jason C. White41Stockbridge School of Agriculture,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 010032Department of
Applied Biology, University of Sharjah, United Arab
Emirates3Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of
Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726,
India4The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven,
CT 06504, U.S.A.
Metalloid arsenite (AsIII) and boron (B) are phytotoxic and
cause severe decline in crop productivity worldwide. Rice
accumulates high level of arsenic (As) in its edible parts and thus
plays an important role in the transfer of As into the food chain.
However, the mechanisms of As uptake and its detoxification in rice
are not well understood. Recently, Silicon transporters belonging
to the Nodulin 26-like Intrinsic Protein (NIP) subfamily of plant
aquaporins were shown to transport AsIII and B in rice and
Arabidopsis. However, rice requires 10-12% silicates for the
mechanical strength
and stress tolerance. Therefore, blocking the function of NIP to
reduce AsIII and B accumulation in rice will severely compromise
rice growth and yield. To identify genes specific to AsIII and B
transport in rice, we analyzed the role of the Plasma Membrane
Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs) subfamily of aquaporins for their
involvement in AsIII and B transport and tolerance. We provided
experimental evidences showing that members of rice PIP subfamily
are involved in AsIII and B permeability in plants. Heterologous
expression of rice PIP in Xenopus laevis oocytes confirmed their
role in AsIII transport. Further, expression of rice PIP genes in
yeast strain lacking the metalloids influx and efflux systems
resulted in an increased B sensitivity and accumulation.
Overexpression of rice PIP genes in Arabidopsis yielded enhanced
AsIII and B tolerance without causing an increase in As and B
accumulation. Short-term influx and efflux assay for AsIII and B
transport suggested a bidirectional transport activity of rice
PIPs. Our results clearly showed that PIPs genes will be highly
useful in developing AsIII and B tolerant crops for enhanced yield
in the areas affected by high As and B toxicity.
Key Words: aquaporins, arsenite, boron, toxicity, plasma
membrane intrinsic proteins
*Om Parkash Dhankher: 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA01003;
[email protected]
38. Dhankhar, Om Parkash
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Restoration Rhizosphere Phytotechnologies: Case Studies in New
Zealand’s HMEs
Nicholas Dickinson*, Hannah Franklin, Zhong Hong-Tao, Youngnam
Kim, Rebecca Dollery, Mike Bowie, Department of Ecology, Lincoln
University, New Zealand.
Phytotechnologies use plants to resolve environmental problems
through remediation and restoration of Human-Modified Ecosystems
(HMEs) on soil templates that often have been profoundly modified
from their natural condition. Understanding the dynamics of the
rhizosphere, and linkages between soil physico-chemistry and
below-ground biodiversity is essential to finding sustainable
solutions. In studies described here, simple experimental mesocosms
in the laboratory and glasshouse are used to demonstrate the
importance of the rhizosphere to soil structure and pollutant
mobility. New Zealand field studies are then described that include
conversion of a lowland plantation forest to a mosaic of intensive
irrigated dairy farming interspersed with plots of natural dryland
vegetation. We describe how the physico-chemistry of soils has been
modified, linking this with the challenges of managing the
restoration trajectory as a phytotechnology application.
Experimental results show
a significant interplay between native plants, rhizospheres and
earthworms that both significantly modify and are influenced by
soil hydrology, pH, and soil biogeochemistry (including soluble and
gaseous nitrogen). We argue that large potential gains through
restoration phytotechnologies are feasible. Some 50% of New
Zealand’s land area supports an agricultural matrix with
depauperate native vegetation. Selection of plant traits from a
unique biodiversity palette together with inoculation of native
species of earthworms provide an opportunity to resolve some of the
environmental constraints currently impacting agriculture, thereby
future-proofing and adding value to agricultural production
systems. We have the capability to effectively re-create native but
novel ecosystems for pollution management on human-modified
soils.
Keywords: soil chemistry, roots, earthworms, pollutants,
ecosystem services
*Nicholas Dickinson: Department of Ecology, Lincoln University,
Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
[email protected]
39. Dickinson, Nicholas
Phytoremediation of real denim-dying textile wastewater in a
vertical flow constructed wetland model using of zeolite and pumice
stone media
Gamze Dogdu, AIBU*; Arda Yalcuk, AIBU
Textile effluents, most of the natural and synthetic textile
dyes are resistant to degradation and decolorization by
conventional treatment methods. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have
been used as an innovative green technology to treat various
industrial wastewaters in recent years. The main aim of this study
was to treat organic pollutants, nutrients and color present in
real denim-dyeing textile wastewater by the use of low-cost CW
systems at different reactor depth points. A vertical flow
constructed wetland model comprising four different bedding
materials, which were sand, gravel and zeolite and pumice stone.
For the first time real denim dyeing and manufacturing facility
effluent was treated by pumice stone-zeolite combination in
constructed wetland systems to develop NH4-N and PO4-P removal
efficiencies. The role of wetland plants was assessed through
comparing treatment performance efficiencies between an unplanted
and vegetated with Canna indica and Typha
angustifolia beds. Concentration based average treatment
performance for Control (R1), C. indica (R2) and T. angustifolia
(R3) reactors for the selected pollution parameters were COD;
75.45±26.76, 79.71±28.01, 72.36±30.68 mg/L Color; 76.57±27.58,
87.05±37.54, 76.67±34.40 Pt/Co NH4-N; 2.02±0.46, 2.11±0.41,
1.95±0.50 mg/L T-N; 19.5±9.69, 18.1±9.15, 17.2±8.51 mg/L and PO4-P;
0.19±0.04, 0.20±0.05, 0.17±0.021 mg/L, respectively. The effluent
results were found to be below the values given in the Water
Pollution Control Regulation implemented in Turkey. Overall, the
results clearly demonstrated that VFCW could offer an advantageous
solution to meet the Turkish Environmental Legislation for
effective, low-cost and ecological textile wastewater treatment in
contrast to applied conventional method in the textile plant in
Turkey.
Keywords: Vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW), real textile
wastewater, zeolite, pumice stone, pollutant removal
*Gamze Dogdu, Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant
Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,
Gölköy Campus-Bolu, Turkey, [email protected]
40. Dogdu, Gamze
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42. Ebbs, Stephen
Early Development of Sandhill Fen: Plant Establishment,
Community Stabilization, and Ecosystem Development on Oil Sands
Soft Tailings
Dale Vitt, Stephen Ebbs*, Melissa House, and Lilyan Glaser
Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern
Illinois University Carbondale
The excavation of bitumen from the oil sands regions of western
Canada has a disruptive influence on the natural ecosystems of the
region and creates a significant challenge for reclamation efforts.
In particular, the removal of the naturally occurring peatlands
represents a loss of one of the world’s largest carbon sinks.
Working cooperatively with a major oil sands company, a project is
underway to evaluate strategies for re-establishing peatlands above
soft tailings from the oil sands mining. The Sandhill Experimental
Watershed is a 50 ha artificial wetland/upland complex north of
Fort McMurray, AB. Within this watershed, a 17 ha area represents a
constructed wetland where a layer of stockpiled peat has been
established over the high saline oil sand soft
tailings. The restoration trajectory of this fen complex is
being monitored to evaluate the establishment and early performance
of select native plant species established in the fen in comparison
to plants growing naturally at references sites. The constructed
wetland was first wetted four years ago, and ongoing efforts have
been tracking water and air quality, plant community assembly and
plant performance, and carbon cycling. Heterogeneity in moisture
and physicochemical conditions within the wetland complex will be
discussed along with data on the stability and performance of the
wetland since its establishment. The lessons learned that can be
applied to the next generation of wetland restoration on oil sands
soft tailings pits will also be discussed. Keywords: oil sands,
peat, peatlands, reclamation, restoration, salinity, sodium
* presenting author, 420 Life Science II, 1125 Lincoln Dr.,
Carbondale, IL, 62901-6509 [email protected]
43. Ebbs, Stephen
Dissolution of metals from automotive brake pad wear debris:
Impacts on plant growth and stability of aquatic communities
Stephen Ebbs*, Lindsay Shupert, Misty Dodd, David Gibson,
Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern
Illinois University Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA; Peter Filip,,
Center for Advanced Friction Studies, Mechanical Engineering and
Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL,
62901, USA
Automotive vehicles release particulate matter into the
environment when their brakes are applied. The environmental
effects of this automotive brake pad debris (BPWD) is a matter of
growing debate yet the effects on plants have been largely
untested. Recent studies have demonstrated an effect of BPWD on the
growth of the aquatic invasive Salvinia molesta. Salvinia molesta
plants were grown hydroponically in the absence or presence of
BPWD. Growth of floating leaves, submerged leaves, and leaf nodes
were measured over 20 days at 4-day intervals. The metals in
solutions and plant tissues were quantified using atomic absorption
spectrometry (AAS). Cultivation
of S. molesta in the water containing BPWD resulted in greater
dissolution of Cu and Fe than occurred in the absence of plants.
The tissue Cu and Fe concentrations of plants cultivated in the
BPWD were significantly higher than plants grown in the absence of
BPWD. Growth of S. molesta significantly increased when cultivated
in the BPWD solutions in comparison to the distilled water. The
results suggest that S. molesta and similar aquatic plants may be
capable of increasing the dissolution of metal micronutrients from
BPWD and utilizing those micronutrients to increase growth. Such
growth responses could indicate that BPWD could interact with
invasive floating macrophytes to further degrade the quality and
stability of aquatic communities. Ecological implications stemming
from the presence of BPWD will be discussed, along with additional
data demonstrating effects of BPWD on root growth and development
in terrestrial plant species.
Keywords: heavy metals, brake pad wear debris, particulate
matter, invasive species
* presenting author, 420 Life Science II, 1125 Lincoln Dr.,
Carbondale, IL, 62901-6509 [email protected]
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44. Esmaeili, AkhbaMarine in Industrial Biotechnology:
Biosorption by Sargassum glaucescens brown algae nanoparticle at
new membrane reactor
Akbar Esmaeili , Ali Aghababai Beni
Department of Chemical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic
Azad University, PO Box 19585/936, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
[email protected]
In this study, a new membrane reactor with a volume of 1.5 liter
was made to remove nickel and cobalt. In this process, initially
wastewater was entered into a settling tank. Tthe liquid phase was
separated and entered into a stalactite column in order to remove
suspended particles. The biosorption reaction in the reactor was
studied in the presence of nanobiosorbents in different conditions
of
pH, biosorbent dose, and temperature and retention time.
Finally, the concentration of heavy metals was investigated after
the fluid had passed through the membrane system. Algae
nanobiosorbent was prepared using a planetary ball mill; Scanning
Electron Microscope and Brunauer-Emmert-Teller tests showed an
average diameter of 95.75 nm and specific surface area of 11.25
m2g-1, respectively. Maximum biosorption efficiency equal to 93%
and 91% was achieved for nickel and cobalt at pH 6, temperature 35
°C with a retention time of 80 min, at biosorbent doses of 8 and 4
g. The kinetic data fitted well by pseudo-first-order model and
equilibrium data of metal ions could be described well with the
Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The calculated
thermodynamic parameters showed that metal ion biosorption is
feasibile, endothermic and naturally spontaneous.
45. Espenshade, JordanRole and exploitation of plant-associated
bacteria during phytoremediation of air pollution
Jordan Espenshade, Hasselt University*; Nele Weyens, Hasselt
University; Jaco Vangronsveld, Hasselt University
Air pollution is a major concern worldwide for the damage it
causes to environmental and human health. Despite the complex
composition of contaminants in the air, phytoremediation was
already shown to be an effective remediation technology for indoor
air quality. However, less is known for the efficiency of
phytoremediation with regards to outdoors air pollution.
Plant-associated bacteria (PAB) assist plant growth and survival
by providing beneficial compounds or degrading toxic substances.
Similar to the benefits provided by rhizosphere and endosphere
bacteria to the root, phyllosphere bacteria are also expected to
play an important role since leaf and stem surfaces are known to
adsorb significant amounts of pollutants. We hypothesize that
communities of PAB can be manipulated and exploited to increase the
potential for phytoremediation of air pollution. Therefore,
bacteria were isolated from three Platanus x
hispanica trees in Hasselt (Belgium), chosen based on the
relative volume of nearby automobile traffic. Isolated bacteria
were screened for production of compounds (acetoin, indole-3-acetic
acid, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) or
activities (phosphate solubilization) associated with promotion of
plant growth (PGP). Samples that showed positive effects in the PGP
tests were screened for their tolerance to toluene (as one of the
major organic air pollutants) to narrow the pool of candidate
strains.
Candidate strains are tested for activities that promote
resilience to environmental factors, such as UV resistance, biofilm
formation, mobility, chemotaxis, and biosurfactant production.
Strains with positive reactions to the most factors are identified
with 16S rDNA sequences and considered for field studies.
Air pollution, hydrocarbons, phytoremediation, plant growth
promotion, plant-associated bacteria
*Presenting author, Agoralaan, building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek,
Belgium [email protected]
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46. Fanssi, Saloua ElDomestic wastewater treatment by
constructed wetlands in mountain areas of Morocco
Saloua El Fanssi, CNERRE &LHEA; Laila Mandi, CNERRE
&LHEA; Naaila Ouazzani, CNERRE &LHEA
Actually, more than 94 % of the populations in the Moroccan
rural areas are connected to drinking water network, triggering a
dramatic increase in wastewater production. Wastewater
infrastructure in these regions is either poorly developed or
non-existent. Most of rural areas are suffering from water
pollution problems and present a high potential of illness
caused