International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry 2016; 2(2): 39-43 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijpc doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.16 Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Study of Nigella sativa L Sania Feroz * , Ghias Uddin Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, K. P. K Peshawar, Pakistan Email address: [email protected] (S. Feroz) * Corresponding author To cite this article: Sania Feroz, Ghias Uddin. Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Study of Nigella sativa L. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry. Vol. 2, No. 2, 2016, pp. 39-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.16 Received: August 30, 2016; Accepted: November 14, 2016; Published: December 17, 2016 Abstract: The current investigation was designed to assess the preliminary phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and anti- radical effect of crude methanolic extract and isolated fractions of Nigella sativa seeds using established protocol. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, proteins and amino acids, fatty acids and caumarine. The crude methanolic extract and isolated fraction were subjected to antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions demonstrated significant (80% and 78%) antioxidant activity. Regarding antibacterial activity of N. sativa, chloroform fraction showed good antibacterial effect as compared to the rest of solvent extracted fractions. Fractions were tested for antifungal activity as well. Amongst all, MeOH fraction showed good antifungal activity against A. N and A. S. n- Hexane showed no activity while other fractions showed moderate activity. The current finding suggests that N. sativa contains potential molecules which exhibited excellent antioxidant and antibacterial effect. Keywords: Nigella Sativa, Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal Activity, Anti Bacterial Activity, Antioxidant Activity 1. Introduction Medicinal herbs are significant source of synthetic and herbal drugs. In the commercial market, medicinal herbs are used as raw drugs, extracts or tinctures. Isolated active constituents are used for applied research. For the last few decades, phytochemistry (study of plants) has been making rapid progress and herbal products are becoming popular [1]. Nigella sativa is considered to be one of the greatest healing herbs of all times. This herb has been used for millenniums to strengthen the immune system, cleanse the body, purify the blood, protect against irritants and diseases and support healthy long span of life. N. sativa is an annual herbaceous plant, which is believed to be aboriginal to the Mediterranean region but has been cultivated in other parts of the world including Saudi Arabia, northern Africa and parts of Asia [2]. Black seeds have been used as herbal medicine by various cultures and civilizations to treat and prevent a number of diseases including fever, common cold, headache, asthma, rheumatic diseases, and microbial infections and to expel worms from the intestines and as useful for treating “Sartan” (cancer). In addition, it is used for flavoring bread and pickles [3]. 2. Experimental 2.1. Plant Material N. sativa seeds were purchased from local market of Peshawar city. The plant material was identified by Prof. Dr. Abdur Rashid, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar. A voucher Specimen was deposited in the herbarium of the said department. 2.2. Extraction and Fractionation Shade dried seeds of N. sativa were grinded with local grinder machine. The crude extract was soaked in Methanol for 5 days. The crude extract was suspended in water and fractionated to various solvent such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol.
5
Embed
Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant ...article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20160202.16.pdf · 41 Sania Feroz and Ghias Uddin: Phytochemical Analysis,
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry 2016; 2(2): 39-43
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijpc
doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.16
Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Study of Nigella sativa L
Sania Feroz*, Ghias Uddin
Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, K. P. K Peshawar, Pakistan
To cite this article: Sania Feroz, Ghias Uddin. Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Study of Nigella sativa L. International Journal of
Pharmacy and Chemistry. Vol. 2, No. 2, 2016, pp. 39-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.16
Received: August 30, 2016; Accepted: November 14, 2016; Published: December 17, 2016
Abstract: The current investigation was designed to assess the preliminary phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and anti-
radical effect of crude methanolic extract and isolated fractions of Nigella sativa seeds using established protocol. The
phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, proteins
and amino acids, fatty acids and caumarine. The crude methanolic extract and isolated fraction were subjected to antibacterial,
antifungal and antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions demonstrated significant (80% and 78%)
antioxidant activity. Regarding antibacterial activity of N. sativa, chloroform fraction showed good antibacterial effect as
compared to the rest of solvent extracted fractions. Fractions were tested for antifungal activity as well. Amongst all, MeOH
fraction showed good antifungal activity against A. N and A. S. n- Hexane showed no activity while other fractions showed
moderate activity. The current finding suggests that N. sativa contains potential molecules which exhibited excellent
and Alternaria solani (A. S) (ATCC 11078). All the four
fractions showed excellent activity against fungal strains.
Amongst all, MeOH fraction showed good antifungal
activity against A. N and A. S. n- Hexane showed no
activity while other fractions showed moderate activity.
Miconazole was used as standard (Table 3). The crude
extract/fractions of title plant were evaluated at
accumulative concentrations i.e. 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100
µg/ml for anti-radical effect. The methanol, ethyl acetate,
chloroform showed significant antioxidant activity against
DPPH (Figure 1). Antioxidant compounds in food play an
important role in health protection against various diseases
like cancer and heart diseases. Fruits, vegetables are the
primary source of naturally occurring antioxidants [16].
5. Conclusion
From the reported work on N. sativa, it can be concluded
that the seeds contain various secondary metabolites that can
be beneficial in various aspects. The best property of the
seeds is its very good antioxidant activity. They can be used
as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
References
[1] Malhotra S and Singh AP. A review of pharmacology of phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants. Internet J. Altern. Med. (2007) 5: 23-27.
[2] Sharma NK, Ahirwar D, Jhade D and Gupta S. Medicinal and Pharmacological Potential of Nigella sativa. Ethnobot. Leaflets. (2009) 13: 946-955.
[3] Randhawa MA and Alghamdi MS. Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (Black seed). Am. J. Chin. Med. (2011) 39: 1075-1091.
[4] Philip D, Kaleena PK, Valtivittan K and Kumar CPG. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. and Schult. F. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. (2011) 10: 512-518.
[5] Savithramma N, Lingarao M and Suhrulatha D. Screening of medicinal plant for secondary metabolites. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. (2011) 8: 579-584.
[6] Uddin G, Rauf A, Rehman TU and Qaisar M. Phytochemical Screening of Pistacia chinensis var. integerrima. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. (2011) 7 (5): 707-711.
[7] Usman H, Fi A and Usman A. Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimicrobial Effects of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae), Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. (2009) 6: 289-295.
[8] Uddin G, Ullah W, Rauf A, Siddiqui BS, Rehman TU, Azam S and Qaisar M. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Cornus microphylla Wall, ex Roxb, Middle-East J. Sci. Res. (2011) 516-519.
[9] Rauf A, Muhammad N, Khan N, Uddin N, Atif M, and Barkatullah. Antibacterial and Phytotoxic Profile of Selected Pakistani Medicinal Plants. World Appl. Sci. J. (2011) 20: 540-544.
[10] Chandrabhan S, Trivedia SS and Verma SK. Antibacterial efficacy and phytochemical analysis of organic solvent extracts of Calotropis gigantean. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. (2011) 3: 330-336.
43 Sania Feroz and Ghias Uddin: Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Study of Nigella sativa L
[11] Merli M, Devi A, Priya I, Singh RJ, Jeyakumar P. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial activity of bioactive compound from Saraca asoca. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2016; 8 (1): 57-61.
[12] Uddin G, Rauf A, Siddiqui BS and Shah SQ. Preliminary Comparative phytochemical Screening of Diospyros Lotus Stewart, Middle-East J. Sci. Res. (2011) 1: 78-81.
[13] Uddin G and Rauf A. Phytochemical screening and biological activity of the aerial parts of Elaeagnus umbellate. Sci. Res. Essays (2012) 7 (43): 3690-3694.
[14] Martin G, Oswaldo C, José P, Cárdenas CA, Jovanny A, Gómez C. Antifungal activity of chloroform and acetone extracts of Solanum dolichosepalum against Fusarium oxysporum. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016. 8 (8); 373-4.
[15] Rauf A, Khan A, Rasool S, Shah ZA, Saleem M. In-vitro Antifungal activity of three selected Pakistani medicinal plants. Middle-East J Med Plants Res 2012. 1 (2); 41-43.
[16] Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. J. Agr. Food Chem. (1998) 46: 4113-4117.