Phyto Manjakani

8/17/2019 Phyto Manjakani

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PLANT PROFILE

Common name: Manjakani

Botanical name: Querces Infectoria

Family name: Fagaceae

English name: Oak galls

Tamil name: Masikai, Mayakku

Hini name: Maju!ha

"ra#ic: $fas

%ingom: &lantae

'i(ision: Tracheo!hyta

Class: Magnolio!sia

Orer: Fagales

)enus: Querces *+ Oak

!ecies: Querces Infectoria+ Oli(ier

Meicinal !arts: Oak galls

&hytoconstituents: )allic aci an Tannic aci


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Mor!hological characteristics:

the galls are glo#ular in sha!e -ith ./ to 01 mm iameter

has short #asal stalk

colour: #ro-nish2grey

te3ture: har an hea(y

taste: astringent

oour: non2s!ecific oour

large outer 4one of thin -alle !arenchyma

a ring of sclerenchymatous cells

small inner 4one thick2 -alle !arenchyma

smooth an #right2green lea(es are #orne on short !etioles of . to .+1 inches long

Meicinal uses:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petiole_(botany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petiole_(botany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petiole_(botany)


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astringent

antiia#etic

local anaesthetic

anti(iral

anti#acterial

antifungal

lar(icial

anti2inflammatory

antiamoe#ic

anticariogenic acti(ities

treat skin infections

gastrointestinal isorers

(aginal infections

'istri#ution of !lants:

southern Euro!e 5)reece an the East "egean Islans6

Mile East 5Turkey, Cy!rus,Iran, Ira7, %uristan, *e#anon an yria6+

outh an outh2-estern such as Inian u#continent, Malaya &eninsula an

Inonesia

"rea collecte in Malaysia: mostly in lo- lan forest

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astringenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astringenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-diabetic_medicationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anaesthetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drughttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibioticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvicidalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoebichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_carieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_carieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_and_skin_structure_infectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tracthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tracthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Europehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astringenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-diabetic_medicationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anaesthetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drughttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibioticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvicidalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoebichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_carieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_and_skin_structure_infectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tracthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Europehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia


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INTRODUCTION

"ccoring to research, the #est manjakani is kno-n as 8"lle!o Manjakani8 -hich is

originate in "lle!o, yria+ Manjakani is forme from the lea(es kno-n as 7uercus infectoria

-ith the !resence of -as!s kno-n as cyni!s tinctorial or cyni!s gallaetinctoria+ Manjakani

has history ate #ack in the 01// BC+ In the !ast, it is #een use as !art of the traitional

meication in Egy!tian, &ersian, "ra#s an many other Mile East countries+

Base on the history recors, Inia ha im!orte manjakani from yria centuries earlier+ It is

not im!ossi#le that the useful inication of manjakani in constricting (agina -as gaine from

the Inian traers that came to %eah or to Melaka ./// an 1// years ago res!ecti(ely+

This is #ecause the usage -as the same as -hat foun in the Inia ancient se3 manual,

%amasutra in 01/"'+ 9et, the -ritten recor a#out the miracle of manjakani in constricting

(agina -as isco(ere -ay #ack .//"' ago -hen oranus, the ome;s gynaecologist of that

age, -rote a#out manjakani in his )ynaecology #ook+ It -as then the one an only reference

#ook on gynaecology until .


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This is -ritten in the #ook of Traitional Malay meical !ractices #y "li =ulfikar title

8'unia >ikmat 5.?1@68+ It is one of the fe- ocumentaries, re!orting the inications of

Manjakani an those #ooks are near to the e3tinction from the Traitional Malay meical

li#raries+ In "sia, many -omen consume Manjakani after chil#irth to tighten their (agina, it

is also a(aila#le in to!ical cream+

It is forme -hen the lea(es of the oak tree is attacke #y an insect calle stinging -as!s+

This attack causes a chemical reaction in the lea(es -hich !rouce a roun sha!e har #all

aroun the -as!s kno-n as AOak )all+ It has a small !rotrusion+ The insect lea(es from it

after 1 to < months+ Then it is rie an sol all o(er -orl+

PHYTOCHEMICAL REVIEW

The #ioacti(ity an meicinal !ro!erties of her#al e3tracts are e!enent on the !resence of

the chemical com!ouns +The chemical constituents of the galls ha(e #een re!orte to

com!rise a large amount of tannins an small amounts of free gallic acis, ellagic aci an

synergic aci+ The rie e3tract -as analyse for (arious !hytoconstituents such as alkalois,

glycosies, ter!enois an sterois, fla(onois, reucing sugar an tannins+

Alkaloid

"lkalois are #asic nitrogenous com!ouns -ith efinite !hysiological an !harmacological

acti(ity+ "lkaloi solution !rouces -hite yello-ish !reci!itate -hen a fe- ro!s of Mayers

reagents are ae+ Most alkalois are !reci!itate from neutral or slightly aciic solution #y

Mayers reagent+ The alcoholic e3tract -as e(a!orate to ryness an the resiue -as heate

on a #oiling -ater #ath -ith 0D hyrochloric aci+ "fter cooling, the mi3ture -as filtere

an treate -ith a fe- ro!s of Mayer;s reagent+ The sam!les -ere then o#ser(e for the

!resence of tur#iity or yello- !reci!itation+


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Glycoside

)lycosies are com!ouns -hich u!on hyrolysis gi(e rise to one or more sugars 5glycones6

an a com!oun -hich is not a sugar 5aglycone or genine6+ To the solution of the e3tract in

glacial acetic aci, fe- ro!s of ferric chlorie an concentrate sul!huric aci are ae,

an o#ser(e for a reish #ro-n coloration at the junction of t-o layers an the #luish green

colour in the u!!er layer+

Tere!oid a!d s"eroid

Four milligrams of e3tract -as treate -ith /+1 ml of acetic anhyrie an /+1 ml of

chloroform+ Then concentrate solution of sul!huric aci -as ae slo-ly an re (iolet

colour -as o#ser(e for ter!enoi an green #luish colour for sterois+


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Fla#o!oid

Four millilitres of e3tract solution -as treate -ith .+1 ml of 1/D methanol solution+ The

solution -as -arme an metal magnesium -as ae+ To this solution, 12< ro!s of

concentrate hyrochloric aci -as ae an re colour -as o#ser(e for fla(onois an

orange colour for fla(ones+


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Ta!!i!s

To /+1 ml of e3tract solution . ml of -ater an .20 ro!s of ferric chlorie solution -as

ae+ Blue colour -as o#ser(e for )allic tannins an green #lack for catecholic tannins+

E$TRACTION AND I%OLATION OF FLAVANOID

" fla(onoi com!oun -as isolate from oak !lant Quercus infectoria oli( stem #arks using

ethanol alcohol as a sol(ent, the isolate com!oun -as ientifie using con(entional

characteri4ation methos, such as Thin *ayer Chromatogra!hy 5T*C6, $ltra(iolet2isi#le

5$2is6 as -ell as, some #iochemical assays using colour reagents+ Fla(onois are a grou!

of a#out @/// naturally occurring !oly!henolic com!ouns, foun uni(ersally in foos of

!lant origin+ These are !rimarily recogni4e as the !igments res!onsi#le for the colours of

lea(es, es!ecially in autumn+ These fla(onois is!lay a remarka#le array of #iochemical an


9/19

!harmacological actions (i4+, antiinflammatory, antio3iant, antiallergic, he!ato!rotecti(e,

antithrom#otic, anti(iral an anticarcinogenic acti(ities+ Fla(onois are -iely istri#ute in

#arks, fruits, (egeta#les, nuts, sees, her#s, s!ices, stems, flo-ers as -ell as tea an re -ine+

More than 0/// fla(onois ha(e #een re!orte among -ooy an non2-ooy !lants+

Fla#o!oid e&"rac"io! 'e"(ods)

The !lant sam!les -ere air rie in shao-, crushe to small !ieces using !estle an mortar

an finely !o-ere in an electric griner+ &lant !o-er -as then use for the e3traction

!roceure+ Fla(onoi e3tract -as !re!are #y immersing .// gm of rie material of Q+

infectoria in 1// ml ethyl alcohol 5.//D6 for 0@ hours at room tem!erature using magnetic

stirrer+ The mi3ture -as then filtere using hatman >o+ . filter !a!ers an the !rocess -as

re!eate using the remaining resiue -ith G// ml ethanol alcohol to ensure the com!lete

e3traction in each time+ The t-o filtrates -ere ae an treate -ith .// ml lea acetate

5.D6 for @ hours for !reci!itation+ The mi3ture -as filtere, then a mi3ture of 01/ ml acetone

an G/ ml of concentrate HCl -as ae to the !reci!itate, an filtere+ The resulting !ellet

-as finally lyo!hili4e 5Free4e2 rie6 at 21/o C uner (acuum for .0 hours+ The e3tract -as

issol(e in ethyl alcohol, the e3traction !rocess -as re!eate for . hour, filtere to !rouce

re filtrate +Finely, the filtrate -as !lace in a clean an ry &etri ish a-ay from light at

room tem!erature until ee! re #ro-n !o-ere -as o#taine+

P(y"oc(e'ical %cree!i!*

The ry e3tracts -ere su#jecte to (arious chemical tests in orer to etect the !resence of

ifferent !hytoconstituents+

• Fla(onois: to etect the fla(onoi in !lant e3tract, the aition of %OH 5.D6 to

alcoholic e3tract le to the formation of yello- colour an this -as a result of the

!resence of fla(onoi+

• &henolic com!oun: etecte #y a !ortion of the a7ueous filtrate of each !lant e3tract,

1ml -as ae to 5.206 ro!s of .D of ferric chlorie+ " #lue2green inicate the

!resence of !henolic com!ouns+

• 'ou#le #in test: using %MnO@ reagent, #ro-n solution forme inicate the !resence

of ou#le #on+

• "lehye ketone test: using 0, @ initro!henyl hyra4ine, in -hich the !resence of

yello- !reci!itate inicate that the e3tracte com!oun has alehye ketonegrou!s+


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C(e'ical Ide!"i+ica"io!

5.6Thin layer chromatogra!hy 5T*C6

The crue e3tract -as issol(e in ethanol an s!otte on T*C !lates 513 0/ cm6

coate -ith silica gel +These !lates -ere e(elo!e in chromatogra!hy cham#er

containing sol(ent mi3ture of 5#utanol, acetic aci an -ater 5/:01:1, (J(J(6 an let

to stan for . hour+ The e(elo!e !lates -ere air rie an (isuali4e uner $

light+ The !lates -ere then !lace in a cham#er saturate -ith ammonia (a!ours to

o#ser(e the colour of s!ot an !lates -ere also !lace in a cham#er saturate -ith I0

(a!ours to o#ser(e the colour of s!ot+ f (alues -ere calculate for isolate sam!le+

506 tructural analysis of major com!onents:

5i6 $ltra(iolet2isi#le s!ectrosco!y: $2isi#le a#sor!tion in the range of 50//2K//6

nm -as recore using ethanol as a sol(ent+

5ii6 Infrare s!ectrosco!y: FT2I s!ectrum -as analyse to fin the most im!ortant

functional grou!s of fla(onoi e3tract #y %Br isk techni7ue+

ETHNOMEDICAL %URVEY

,- For Va*i!al Ti*("e!i!*

E3tracts from Manjakani tighten (aginal muscles+ It also hel!s in reuce ischarge of

li7ui+ Take Manjakani an crush it +Boil it in -ater till the -ater colour changes+

Cool the -ater an use it -ash the (agina+

.- For Mo/"( /lcers

Manjakani has #een use to treat mouth ulcer #ecause of its astringent !ro!erties+ It

heals mouth ulcers instantly +9ou can a!!ly the !aste of Manjakani on your ulcer+ It is

com!letely safe to #e use in case ulcer+ E(en this can #e use on a chil+ oak oak

gall in -ater for -hile then ru# it on har surface or stone -ith little -ater+ It -ill

form a !aste an use it on the affecte areas for instant relief+


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0- Oak Gall For 1a2ies

Manjakani e3tract has #een use since ages for treating #a#ies in Inia+ Form !aste #y

ru##ing it along -ith other her#s like haritaki, nutmeg an yasamu 5it is #urnt to get

!aste from it6+In Tamil !eo!le call it as $rai Marunhu+ It hel!s #oosting the immune

of the chil an kee!s them healthy+

3- Oak Gall Mo/"( Was(

9ou can use the !o-er of Manjakani as mouth-ash+ "s you alreay kno- that it

treats mouth ulcers+ It has antise!tic !ro!erties+ Boil the !o-er Manjakani+ $se luke

that -arm -ater as mouth-ash+ It is (ery hel!ful in treating ca(ities an remo(es #a

oour+

4- Ma!5aka!i A!"ise"ic Was(

This can #e use as antise!tic li7ui in case of cuts an -ouns+ It kills the #acteria

an heals them faster+6- Look Yo/!*

This an a-esome her# for skin tightening+ Be it facial or (aginal+ It is rich in

antio3iants -hich hel! in reuce the !rocess of ageing+

7- Pre#e!"s Dia2e"es

Manjakani has )allic "ci -hich hel!s in !re(enting "sthma an 'ia#etes+ 9ou can

!re!are Manjakani tea an rink it+

8- Pre#e!"s 1reas" a!d Cer#i& Ca!cer

The rich anti2o3iants foun in Oak )all can !re(ent cer(i3 an #reast cancer+

9- Re'o#es U!leasa!" Odo/r Fro' Pri#a"e Par"s

Manjakani kills #acteria an fungal infection in !ri(ate area+ It remo(es any

un!leasant oour an itching from the !ri(ate !arts+

,:- Makes %ki! Fir'er a!d %'oo"(

"stringent in Manjakani hel!s for a smoother skin an also !re(ents acne+

,,- Hels Mai!"ai! Heal"(y Eye

"stringent can im!ro(e the eye sight ue to its !ro!erties in shrinking the tissues in

our eyes+

,.- %a**i!* 1reas" Trea"'e!"

Its #een use as #reast tightening her# since ages+ 'rinking Manjakani can tighten

sagging #reast+

,0- Oily %ki!

"s it is rich in astringents it remo(es e3cess oil from the skin+

,3- Red/ce Lar*e Pores

It can reuces large !ores on face+ "!!ly the Manjakani !aste on skin an -ash it off

after 1 minutes+


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PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW

"nalgesic

" fraction of methanol e3tract of galls sho-e analgesic acti(ity in rats an significantly

reuces #loo !ressure in ra##its+ "nother fraction sho-e C> e!ressant acti(ity an

moerate antitremorine acti(ity #y causing a elay in onset an ecrease in se(erity of tremorine2inuce tremors+ It also sho-e anaesthetic action ue to com!lete #lockae of

isolate frog sciatic ner(e conuction+

"nti#acterial

E3tract of galls of Quercus infectoria -as teste against si3 !athogenic strains of #acteria+

Quercus infectoria -as foun to #e highly effecti(e against + !yogens an + aureus+ 'iethyl

ether e3tract of Quercus infectoria -as foun to recor the ma3imum acti(ity against +

aureus, %+ &neumoniae an +cholera+ Mechanism of Quercus infectoria 5nutgalls6 e3tract

an its com!onents -ere in(estigate for antimethicillin2resistant ta!hylococcus aureus

5M"6+ The a!!earance of !seuomulticellular #acteria in the treate cells an the

synergistic effect of the !lant e3tract -ith #eta2lactamase2susce!ti#le !enicillins suggest that

the e3tract may interfere -ith sta!hylococcal en4ymes incluing autolysins an #eta2

lactamase+

"nticarcinogenic


13/19

The methanol e3tracts of fi(e tro!ical !lants, Baeckea frutescens, )lycyrrhi4a gla#ra,

%aem!feria !anurata, &hysalis angulata an Quercus infectoria, e3hi#ite !otent

anti#acterial acti(ity against the cariogenic #acterium tre!tococcus mutans+

"ntiinflammatory

Effect of alcoholic e3tract of Q+ infectoria galls -as e(aluate on (arious e3!erimental

moels of inflammation+ Oral aministration of gall e3tract significantly inhi#ite

carrageenan, histamine, serotonin an !rostaglanin E0 5&)E06 inuce !a- oeemas, -hile

to!ical a!!lication of gall e3tract inhi#ite !hor#ol2.02myristate2.G2acetate 5&M"6 inuce

ear inflammation+ The e3tract also inhi#ite (arious functions of macro!hages an

neutro!hils rele(ant to the inflammatory res!onse+

"ntio3iant

The antio3iant acti(ity of ethanolic e3tract of Quercus infectoria galls -as in(estigate

em!loying se(eral esta#lishe in (itro moel systems+ Their !rotecti(e efficacy on o3iati(e

moulation of murine macro!hages -as also e3!lore+ )all e3tract -as foun to contain a

large amount of !oly!henols an !ossess a !otent reucing !o-er+ The results inicate that Q+

infectoria galls !ossess !otent antio3iant acti(ity, -hen teste #oth in chemical as -ell as

#iological moels+

*ar(icial

"n effort to assay "no!heles ste!hensi lar(ae -ith gall e3tracts of Quercus infectoria -as

mae uner la#oratory conitions at Mysore+ Ethyl2acetate e3tract -as foun to #e the most

effecti(e of all the fi(e e3tracts teste for lar(icial acti(ity against the fourth instar lar(ae+

The efficacy in killing mos7uito lar(ae may make this !lant !romising for the e(elo!ment of

ne- #otanical lar(icie+ Efficacy of e3tracts an fractions of Quercus lusitania (ar+ infectoria

galls 5Oli(+6 -as in(estigate as lar(icial agents an their !ossi#le use in #iological control

of Cule3 !i!iens, the ur#an nuisance mos7uito+

oun Healing


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" stuy re!orte the -oun healing acti(ity of ethanolic e3tract of galls of Quercus infectoria

e(aluate on e3cision -oun moel, in -istar al#ino rats, in the form of an ointment -ith t-o

concentrations 50 an @ !ercent -J- ointment of gals e3tract in sim!le ointment #ase6+ Both

concentrations of the ethanolic e3tract sho-e significant res!onse -hen com!are -ith the

control grou!+ >itrofura4one ointment 5/+0 !ercent -J-6 -as use as stanar rug+

CLINICAL REVIEW

.6 ajaa "+ Hussein 50/.G6, states that the e3tract of Q+ infectoria has high !otential as

anti#acterial agent+ This fining !ro(ies an insight into the usage of the #ark of Q+

infectoria in traitional treatment of -ouns or #urns associate -ith #acterial

infections+ These Quercus s!ecies contain seconary !roucts such as !oly !henolic

com!ouns such as tannins are ellagic acis -hich are consiere to #e a great

im!ortance in meicinal, !harmaceutical, antimicro#ial an anti2isease+

06 u#in Mary =achariah et+al 50/.@6, claims that Quercus infectoria oli( is an im!ortant

meicinal !lant of family Fagaceae com!rises of galls calle Oak galls+ This is one of

the traitionally use !lant in "sian countries in the treatment of mouth ulcers, sores,

an fungal infections+ It is use as astringent, in anti2iarrhoea !re!arations, ulcerati(e

colitis an its ry e3tract is use as analgesic, hy!erglycaemic an has seati(e

hy!notic efficacy+ The major constituent of the galls are gallotannic acis an

car#ohyrates, !roteins, amino acis, sa!onins, !henolic com!ouns an tannins -ere

foun in small amounts+ "7ueous e3tract of Quercus infectoria oli( an the

formulate gel sho-e significant anti#acterial acti(ity against &seomonas

aeruginosa s!!+ It -as foun that the galls are rich in tannins -hich mainly contri#ute


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the anti#acterial !ro!erty+ The a7ueous e3tract of Quercus infectoria oli( an the

formulate gel ha(e significant anti#acterial acti(ity+ The gel -as foun to #e non2

irritant to skin on a!!lication+

G6 ai#ha( aiya et+al 50/.G6, states that in recent years there is s!urt in the interest

regaring sur(i(al of "yur(eic forms of meication ue to shortcomings of moern

meicines+ Tannins ser(es as natural efense mechanism against micro#ial infections

can also #e use in some inflammatory conitions+ &hytochemical analysis of

hyroalcoholic e3tract of fruits of Q+ infectoria sho-e the !resence of tannins -hich

is confirme #y finger!rinting an s!ectrosco!ic analysis+ The stuy can #e further

e3tene in formulation of this !otent caniate for treatment of skin iseases as

tannins act as free raical sca(engers as -ell as antimicro#ial agents+

@6 Hermi4i Ha!iin et+al 50/.06 argues that the galls of the Quercus infectoria 5QI6 treeare traitionally #elie(e to ha(e great meicinal (alue+ The !henolic com!ouns or

!oly!henols can act on #one meta#olism #y moulating osteo#last !roliferation,

ifferentiation an minerali4ation, as -ell as osteoclastogenesis+ In aition,

elemental an !hysico2chemical analysis inicate the !resence of im!ortant minerals

in QI, such as calcium, magnesium, !hos!horus, o3ygen, !otassium, aluminium,

car#on, 4inc, iron, manganese, nickel an silica+

16 asim "hma et+al 50/..6 )all of Quercus infectoria has #een in use since times

immemorial to treat -ie range of inications+ It has #een su#jecte to 7uite e3tensi(e

!hytochemical, e3!erimental an clinical in(estigations+ E3!erimental stuies ha(e

emonstrate its analgesic, anti#acterial, anticarcinogenic, anti2inflammatory,

antio3iant, lar(icial an -oun healing effects+ The scientific stuies ha(e !ro(e

the claims of traitional systems of meicine+ Ho-e(er, further, etaile clinical

research a!!ears -orth-hile to e3!lore the full thera!eutic !otential of this !lant in

orer to esta#lish it as a stanar rug+

ur aeia Baharuin et+al 50/.16 stuies that galls of Quercus infectoria ha(e #een

traitionally use to treat common ailments, incluing yeast infections cause

#y Cania s!ecies+ creening of methanol an a7ueous e3tracts against

all Cania s!ecies e3erte an increasing mean inhi#ition 4one iameter in a

concentration e!enent manner+ It is intriguing to note that crue e3tracts of Q+

infectoria galls hol an anti2 Cania !otential, -hich might #e further e3!lore to #e

http://www.scirp.org/Journal/AuthorInformation.aspx?AuthorID=77375&searchCode=Hermizi++Hapidin&searchField=authors&page=1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Baharuddin%20NS%5Bauth%5Dhttp://www.scirp.org/Journal/AuthorInformation.aspx?AuthorID=77375&searchCode=Hermizi++Hapidin&searchField=authors&page=1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Baharuddin%20NS%5Bauth%5D


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use as an alternati(e for treatment an control of some fungal infections+ Further

in(estigations are neee to e(elo! a stanari4e Q+ infectoria gall e3tract an to

unerstan its mechanism of anti2Cania acti(ity+

6 *ohi ) et+al 50/.06 claims that galls of Quercus infectoria !ossessing !otent

antio3iant an antiinflammatory !ro!erties -ere e(aluate for their he!ato!rotecti(e

effect against car#on tetrachlorie 5CCl@6 inuce he!atoto3icity in rats+

u#cutaneous injection of CCl@, aministere t-ice a -eek, !rouce a marke

ele(ation in the serum le(els of as!artate transaminase 5"T6, alanine transaminase

5"*T6 an tumour necrosis factor al!ha 5T>F2L6+ He clearly emonstrate that #y

!re(enting the e(elo!ment of o3iati(e stress an inhi#iting the release of T>F2L

an &)E0, the galls of Quercus infectoria affors !rotection against CCl@ inucehe!atoto3icity an has the !otential for use as a he!ato!rotecti(e agent+

HER1AL FORMULATION

Manjakani E3tract

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17/19

Manjakani Feminine ash

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18/19

REFERENCE%

;o/r!al


19/19

@6 Ha!iin, H+, "#ullah, H+ an >ir-ana oelaiman, I+ 50/.06+ The &otential ole of

Quercus Infectoria )all E3tract on Osteo#last Function an Bone Meta#olism+

OEM', /05/@6, !!+K02KK+

16 hrestha, +, %aushik, +, Esh-ara!!a, +, u#aramaihha, +, amanna, *+ an

*akka!!a, '+ 50/.@6+ &harmacognostic stuies of insect gall of Quercus infectoria

Oli(ier 5Fagaceae6+ "sian &acific ournal of Tro!ical Biomeicine, @5.6, !!+G12G?+

Phyto Manjakani

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