PhysioEx Exercise 3: Neurophysiology - Emory

Lab 10:

Neuroanatomy Part 2

NRSG 201

Dr. Tower-Gilchrist

https://imgur.com/gallery/Ik7e9ou

Learning

Objectives

• Identify brain structures and functions of those regions

• Function of brain Identify and give function of cranial nerves

• Please see module 5 lab need-to-knows

http://animalia-life.club/other/real-human-brain-and-spinal-cord.html

Hannibal- Brain Scene

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTD_ts1Q_-M

Parts of a Neuron

Soma

Axon

Dendrites

Synaptic

(Axon)

Terminals

Myelin

Axon Hillock

Receiving Region Conducting Region Output Region

Synaptic Transmission • Chemical Synapse

• Neurotransmitters “bridge the gap”

Principal Parts of the Brain The four principal parts of the brain are the

brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and

cerebrum.

Gyrus –prominent fold or ridge of neural cortex

Sulcus- a groove or furrow in the neural cortex

The brain is protected by:

• Cranial bones

• Cranial meninges

• Pia, arachnoid, and dura mater

• Cranial dura mater is composed of 2 layers

• Cerebrospinal fluid

Protection

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

CSF is a liquid that protects the brain and spinal cord

against chemical and physical injuries and it carries

oxygen, glucose, and other important substances from the

blood to nervous tissue cells

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

One lateral ventricle

in each hemisphere

of cerebrum

Narrow slitlike

caivty along

midline

superior to

hypothalamus

and between

right and left

jalves of

thalamus

lies between

the

brainstem

and the

cerebellum.

CSF Flow

Where is CSF produced? Choroid plexus (blood plasma by ependymal cells that cover

choroid plexus of ventricles

Cerebrem- lobes includes frontal,

temporal, parietal, occipital

A. B

C. D.

Structure

• Medulla oblongata

• Pons

• Cerebellum

• Thalamus

• Pineal Gland

• Hypothalamus

• Pituitary gland

Function

1. Control of respiration

2. Helps control balance and coordinated skilled

movements

3. Center for the coordination of complex

autonomic reflexes and control of visceral

functions (relay sensory input and motor output

between other parts of the brain and the spinal

cord)

4. Relay of sensory information to basal nuclei

and cerebral cortex

5. Controls many body activities and is one of the

major regulators of homeostasis

6. Endocrine structure that releases the hormone

melatonin

7. Endocrine gland that releases many hormones

like Growth Hormone, prolactin and thyroid

stimulating hormone

Structure

• Medulla oblongata (3)

• Pons (1)

• Cerebellum (2)

• Thalamus (4)

• Pineal Gland (6)

• Hypothalamus (5)

• Pituitary gland (6)

Function

1. Control of respiration

2. Helps control balance and coordinated skilled

movements

3. Center for the coordination of complex

autonomic reflexes and control of visceral

functions (relay sensory input and motor output

between other parts of the brain and the spinal

cord)

4. Relay of sensory information to basal nuclei

and cerebral cortex

5. Controls many body activities and is one of the

major regulators of homeostasis

6. Endocrine structure that releases the hormone

melatonin

7. Endocrine gland that releases many hormones

like Growth Hormone, prolactin and thyroid

stimulating hormone

Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves

Sheep Brain – Whole Brain – Dorsal Side – Unlabeled

Sheep Brain – Whole Brain – Dorsal Side – Labeled

Cerebellum

Longitudinal

Fissure

Cerebrum

Gyrus Sulcus

Sheep Brain – Whole Brain – Ventral Side – Unlabeled - With Some Dura Mater Left On the Brain

Sheep Brain – Whole Brain – Ventral Side – Labeled - With Some Dura Mater Left On the Brain

Dura Mater Pituitary Gland Optic

Chiasm

Optic

Nerve

Olfactory

Bulb

Optic

Tract

Olfactory

Tract

Sheep Brain – Whole Brain – Ventral Side – Unlabeled - With All Dura Mater Removed

Sheep Brain – Whole Brain – Ventral Side – Labeled - With All Dura Mater Removed

Spinal

Cord

Medulla

Oblongata

Optic

Chiasm Pons

Olfactory

Bulb

Optic

Tract

Olfactory

Tract Hypothalamus

Mammillary

Body

Oculomotor

Nerve

Cerebral

Peduncle

Sheep Brain

– Whole

Brain –

Dorsal Side

– Unlabeled

- View Between

Cerebrum and

Cerebellum

Sheep Brain – Whole Brain – Dorsal Side – Labeled

Cerebellum

Longitudinal

Fissure

Cerebrum

Pineal

Gland

(Body)

Superior

Colliculus

- View Between Cerebrum and

Cerebellum

Inferior

Colliculus

Tectum

Sheep Brain – Frontal Section – Unlabeled

Sheep Brain – Frontal Section – Labeled

Lateral

Ventricle

Sheep Brain – Mid-Sagittal Section – Unlabeled

Sheep Brain – Mid-Sagittal Section – Labeled

Lateral

Ventricle

Cerebrum

Corpus

Callosum Thalamus

Pineal

Gland

(Body) Tectum

Arbor

Vitae Cerebellum

Cerebral

Aqueduct Pons Medulla

Oblongata Fourth

Ventricle

Why is this story so great? Let’s take a look

As group read and discuss this article

Testing Cranial Functions

Each group should test cranial function on two people in your group- Record your results