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PHYSICS Introduction
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PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Jan 17, 2016

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Drusilla Bates
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Page 1: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

PHYSICSIntroduction

Page 2: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

What is Science

- systematic knowledge of the physical or material world

gained through observation and experimentation.

Page 3: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.
Page 4: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

What is Physics?

- the science that deals with matter, energy, motion, and force.

- The Rules of Nature.

Page 5: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

•Hypotheses – tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. To be accepted as a good hypothesis, there must exist a test or experiment to try and prove it wrong.

•Theory - based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations , but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed

Page 6: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

THEORY-reasonable explanation of observed events that are related.

Page 7: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Theories often involve models.

e.g. Atomic Theory

Democritus’ ModelThomson’s ModelRutherford’s ModelBohr’s ModelElectron Cloud Model

Page 8: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

LAWS-describe the relationships between various phenomena

Page 9: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Independent variable

– factor that is adjusted by the experimenter to see what effect the change has on the dependent variable

Dependent variable

–  factor whose value changes because of a change in the independent variable

Page 10: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Inference

– a  reasonable conclusion or possible hypotheses based on observations

Observation

- A conclusion or data gathered, based upon directly observing something.

- Observations can be made with eyes, ears, nose, or touch.

Page 11: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Distance

•The entire linear distance traveled despite side trips

Displacement

•The distance between points “A” and “B”.

• “As the crow flies”

From A to B = 250 m From A to B = 40 m

Point A

Point B

Point A

Point B

Page 12: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

•Boyle’s Law

•Charles’ Law

•Cole’s Law

Page 13: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Experiments test theories.

Page 14: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

The two main branches are physics and chemistry.

Page 15: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

These two overlap; the main difference is that physics always deals with the concept of energy.

Page 16: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

The major areas within Physics are:

• mechanics,

• thermodynamics,

• waves,

• optics,

• electricity and magnetism,

• relativity, and

• nuclear physics.

Page 17: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Scientific Method

Five StepsState ProblemResearch itHypothesis - extends thinking beyond known facts

ExperimentDraw Conclusions

Page 18: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Certainty in science

One should always question the validity of scientific Laws, Theories, or Hypotheses.

Page 19: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

METRIC SYSTEM - uses a decimal basis for multiples and fractions of the basic units of measure.

Page 20: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

International System of Units =The SI system

Page 21: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Seven fundamental units of measure:

• 1. length meter

• 2. mass kilogram

• 3. time second

• 4. electric current ampere

• 5. temperature kelvin

• 6. amount of substance mole

• 7. luminous intensity candela

Page 22: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

FORCE AND WEIGHTNewton is the accepted unit.Force needed to accelerate

a one kilogram mass by one m/s2.

Page 23: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

% Error – Little Number / big number X 100

Page 24: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

ACCURACY - the closeness of a measurement to the accepted value for a specific physical quantity.

Page 25: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

PRECISION - the agreement among several measurements that have been made in the same way.

Page 26: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Is this Accurate, Precise, Both, or Neither

Page 27: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Is this Accurate, Precise, Both, or Neither

Page 28: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Is this Accurate, Precise, Both, or Neither

Page 29: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Is this Accurate, Precise, Both, or Neither

Page 30: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONM • 10nM is a number greater than or equal to 1, but less than 10. n is the number of places the decimal point has been shifted.Moved left, n is pos.Moved right, n is neg.

Page 31: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

Scalar quantities.quantities expressed by single numbers with appropriate units. Vector quantities.Quantities that require magnitude and direction.Usually depicted by arrows.

Page 32: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

RULES OF PROBLEM SOLVING

Page 33: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

1. Carefully find what is being asked. Write down all given data. (“Make a shopping list”)

Page 34: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

2. Write down all the symbols and units for the numbers.

Page 35: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

3. Go shopping for an equation that matches the data in your shopping list.

Page 36: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

4. Rearrange the formula to solve for your unknown variable.

Page 37: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

5. Put your data into the working equation.

Page 38: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

6. Calculate an answer. Do not involve the units.

Page 39: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

7. Check the answer for reasonableness

Page 40: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

7. Check the answer for reasonableness

Page 41: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

7. Check the answer for reasonableness

Page 42: PHYSICS Introduction. What is Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.

8. Review the entire solution.