JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Students Copy Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics _________________________________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 1.1 Understanding Physics 1 Mechanical Energy PHYSICS Study of the natural phenomena and the properties of matter. Solid Liquid Gas Mechanical Energy Heat Energy Light Energy Wave Energy Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Chemical Energy Relationship with matter Properties of Energy Relationship with energy Properties of Matter forms states Matter Energy Mechanics Properties of matter Heat Light Wave in the fields of Electricity & Electromagnetism Atomic Physics & Nuclear Electronics
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physics form 4 chapter 1 introduction to physics pdf
physics form 4 chapter 1 introduction to physics pdf
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4Students Copy Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
1 Standard form = A x 10n , 1 < A < 10 and n = integer
2 Standard form is used to …………………………………………………………………...
3 Some physical quantities have extremely small magnitudes. Write the following
quantities in standard form :
a. Radius of the earth = 6 370 000 m =………………………………………………….
b. Mass of an electron = 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 911 kg =………...
c. Size of a particle = 0.000 03 m = ………………………………………………………
b. Diameter of an atom = 0.000 000 072 m = …………………………………………...
c. Wavelength of light = 0.000 000 55 m = ……………………………………………..
Prefixes
1. Prefixes are usually used to ………………………………………………………………...
2. It will be written ……………………………………………………………………………
3. The list of prefixes :
4. Some physical quantities have extremely large magnitudes. These extremely large and small values can be written in standard form or using standard prefixes. Write the quantities in standard prefixes:a. Frequency of radio wave = 91 000 000 Hz = ………………………………………….
b. Diameter of the earth = 12 800 000 m = ………………………………………………
Tera (T)
Giga (G)
Mega (M)
kilo (k)
mili (m)
micro (µ)
nano (n)
pico (p)
1012
109
106
103
100
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
Hekto (ha)Deka (da)
desi (d)centi (s)
102
101
10-1
10-2
Eg :
1 Tm = …………………………………….
3.6 mA = ……………………………………. How to change the unit ;Eg : 1. Mega to nano
2. Tera to micro
3. piko to Mega
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4Students Copy Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
A vernier calliper gives readings to an accuracy of …………………………………...…. cm.
Length of vernier scale = ……… cm
Vernier scale is divided into 10 divisions
0 1
0 5 10
Main scale in cm
Vernier scale
pointer mirror pointer mirror
Pointer’s image is behind the pointer
incorret reading correct reading
1 2 30 4
1 2 30 4
Pointer’s image can be seen
Right position of eye (eye are in a line perpendicular to the plane of the scale)
wrong position of eye
wrong position of eye
water
cm 0 1 2 3 4 SKALA
0
inside jawsVernier scale
outside jaws
Main scale
The differenct between the main scale and vernier scale is = ……………………………. cm
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4Students Copy Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________ Length of the divisions = ………. cm
The diagram below shows a vernier calliper with reading.
Vernier calliper reading = ……………. cm
4.5 Micrometer screw gauge.
A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure :
a. ………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………
Example :
4.6 Some others measuring instruments :
0 5 10
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 1 cm
Main scale = ………………….
Vernier scale = …………………..
Final reading = …………………..
Find the division of vernier scale which is coincides with any part of the main scale
One complete turn of the thimble(50 division) moves the spindle by 0.50 mm.Division of thimble = ………………….. = …………………..A accuracy of micrometer screw gauge = ……………..
Sleeve scale : ……………
Thimble scale : ………….
Total reading : …………..
Sleeve scale : ……………
Thimble scale : ………….
Total reading : …………...
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4Students Copy Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
Situation : A few children are playing on a different length of swing in a playground. It is found that the time of oscillation for each swing is different.
Steps Example : refer to the situation above
1 Inference
2 Hypothesis
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4Students Copy Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
6. Initial velocity u, final velocity v, time t and another physical quantity k is related by the equation v - u = kt. The unit for k is
A m s-1 B m-1 s C m s-2 D m2 s-2
7. Which of the following has the
smallest magnitude? A megametre B centimetre
C kilometre D mikrometre
8. 4 328 000 000 mm in standard form is A 4.328 x 10-9 m B 4.328 x 10-6 m
C 4.328 x 106 m D 4.328 x 109 m
9. Which of the following measurements is the longest?
A 1.2 x 10-5 cm B 120 x 10-4 dmC 0.12 mm D 1.2 x 10-11 km
10. The diameter of a particle is 250 µm. What is its diameter in cm?
A 2.5 x 10-2 B 2.5 x 10-4 C 2.5 x 10-6 D 2.5 x 10-8
11. Which of the following prefixes is arranged in ascending order?A mili, senti, mikro, desi
B mikro, mili, senti, desiC mili, mikro, desi, senti
D desi, mikro, mili, senti
12. Velocity, density, force and energy are A basic quantities
B scalar quantitiesC derived quantitiesD vector quantities
13. Which of the following shows the correct conversion of units?
A 24 mm3 =2.4 x 10-6 m3
B 300 mm3=3.0 x 10-7 m3
C 800 mm3=8.0 x 10-2 m3
D 1 000 mm3=1.0 x 10-4 m3
14. Which of the following measurements is the shortest ?
A 3.45 x 103 mB 3.45 x 104 cmC 3.45 x 107 mmD 3.45 x 1012 µm
15. The Hitz FM channel broadcasts radio waves at a frequency of 92.8 MHz in the north region. What is the frequency of the radio wave in Hz?A 9.28 x 104 B 9.28 x 105 C 9.28 x 107 D 9.28 x 1010
16. An object moves along a straight line for time, t. The length of the line, s is
given by the equation 2
2
1gts = . The
SI unit of g is A m2 s2 B m s-2
C s-1 D s-2 mPart B : Structure Question
1. A car moves with an average speed of 75 km h-1 from town P to town Q in 2 hours as
shown in Figure 1. By using this information, you may calculate the distance between the two towns.
P Q
Figure 1(a) (i) Based on the statements given, state two basic quantities and their respective SI units.
………………………………………………………………………………………(ii) State a derived quantity and its SI unit.
………………………………………………………………………………………
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4Students Copy Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
(b) Table 2 shows three current readings obtained by three students.
Table 2
(i) Did all the students use the ammeter in Figure2? ..………………………………….(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Figure 3 shows the meniscus of water in a measuring cylinder K, L, and M are three eye positions while measuring the volume of the water.
(a) (i) Which of the eye positions is correct while
taking the reading of the volume of water?
…….……………………………………
Figure 3
(b) The water in the measuring cylinder is replaced with 30 cm3 of mercury.(i) In Figure 4, draw the meniscus of the mercury in the measuring cylinder. Figure 4(ii) Explain why the shape of the meniscus of mercury is as drawn in (b)(i).