PHYSICS 106awhitten/phys106/phys106syllabus.pdf · PHYSICS 106 Physics for the Life Sciences II Sound Electricity and Magnetism ... 29.3 Nuclei, Binding Energy, Radioactivity Nuclear

PHYSICS 106Physics for the Life Sciences II

SoundElectricity and Magnetism

OpticsModern Physics

PHYS 106Section 01A

MWF 12:40-1:35PENGL 173

Text:College Physics, 9th Edition

with Enhanced WebAssignBy Raymond A. Serway and Chris Vuille

Fall 2014Dr. Adam T. Whitten

Notes

Contact Information: for Dr. Adam T. Whitten

Office PENGL 101

Office Phone 363-3172

Website http://www.users.csbsju.edu/~awhitten

Email address [email protected]

Home Phone 320-203-9120

Office HoursBy appointment only.See schedule at website above.

If you require any special accommodations, please contact me as soon aspossible.

Method of AssessmentHomework: Homework will be assigned to be completed online via the

WebAssign website.

Activities: In-class small group exercises.

Quizzes: Twelve multiple choice conceptual quizzes given on Moodle.

Labs: Attendance and lab reports are required.

Tests: Five 70 minute tests will be given on the indicated days.

Exams: A two hour cumulative final exam.

Grading: Homework = 10%, Activities = 10 %, Quizzes = 10%, Lab = 15%, Tests = 40%, Final Exam = 15%

Grading Scale

A = 94-100% B = 81-86% C = 68-73% D = 55-60%

AB = 87-93% BC = 74-80% CD = 61-67% F = <55%

To use WebAssign for homework you will need the access code you purchased with your textbook to self-register for your course section.

1. Go to http://www.webassign.net/login.html2. Click on the “I have a class key” button below the “Login” button3. Enter the class key corresponding to your class section listed below:

12:40-1:35 Section 01A csbsju 6221 3795

Physics 106 – Fall 2014 1

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Physics 106 Course Schedule – Fall 2014

Date Reading Topics Tests Labs

Mon 8/25 14.1 – 14.3 Sound Waves: Generation, Characteristics, Speed

ElectronicInstruments

Wed 8/27 14.4 – 14.6 Sound Waves: Energy, Intensity, Doppler Effect

Fri 8/29 14.7 – 14.10 Interference, Standing Waves, Resonance, Air Columns

Mon 9/1 14.11 – 14.13 Beats, Quality of Sound, the Ear Quiz 01

Sound WavesWed 9/3 14.1 – 14.13 Sound Test 1

Fri 9/5 15.1 – 15.3 Electric Charge, Conductors & Insulators, Coulomb's Law

Mon 9/8 15.4 – 15.9 Fields, Equilibrium, Flux & Gauss's LawEquipotentials and

Field LinesWed 9/10 16.1 – 16.3 Electric Potential, Potential Energy, Charged Conductors Quiz02

Fri 9/12 16.4 – 16.7 Equipotential Surfaces, Capacitance, Capacitors

Mon 9/15 16.8 – 16.10 Combining Capacitors, Stored Energy, Dielectrics

No LabWed 9/17 17.1-17.3 Electric Current Quiz03

Fri 9/19 17.4 – 17.8 Reistance, Ohm's Law, Energy, Power

Mon 9/22 18.1 – 18.3 Simple DC Circuits

DC CircuitsWed 9/24 18.4 Kirchoff's Rules Quiz04

Fri 9/26 18.5 – 18.8 RC Circuits, Household Circuits, Neurons

Mon 9/29 15.1 – 18.8 Electricity and DC Circuits Test 2

Magnetic FieldsWed 10/1 19.1 – 19.4 Magnets, Magnetic Fields, Magnetic Force

Fri 10/3 19.5 – 19.10 Torque, Ampère's Law, Magnetic Materials

Mon 10/6 20.1 – 20.4 emf, Magnetic Flux, Faraday's Law, and Lenz's Law Quiz05

No LabWed 10/8 20.5 – 20.8 Generators, Self-Inductance, RL Circuits, Energy

Fri 10/10 21.1 – 21.3 Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors in AC Circuits Quiz06

Mon 10/13 & Tue 10/14 Free Days

Wed 10/15 21.4 – 21.7 Series RLC Circuits, TransformersAC Circuits

Fri 10/17 21.8 – 21.13 Maxwell's Predictions, EM Waves, Doppler Effect Quiz07

Mon 10/20 Review Review

No LabWed 10/22 19.1 – 21.13 Magnetism, AC Circuits, and EM Waves Test 3

Fri 10/24 22.1 – 22.3 Reflection and Refraction of Light

Mon 10/27 22.4 – 22.7 Dispersion, Huygen's Principle, Total Internal Reflection

Thin LensesWed 10/29 23.1 – 23.3 Mirrors Quiz 08

Fri 10/31 23.4 – 23.7 Refraction, Thin Lenses

Mon 11/3 24.1 – 24.2 Wave Optics: Coherence, Young's Double-Slit, Phase Changes Quiz 09

DiffractionWed 11/5 24.3 – 24.9 Wave Optics: Thin Films, Diffraction, Polarization

Fri 11/7 25.1 – 25.7 Optical Instruments Quiz 10

Mon 11/10 22.1 – 25.7 Optics Test 4

No LabWed 11/12 26.1 – 26.4 Relativity, Length Contraction, Time Dilation

Fri 11/14 26.5 – 26.8 Momentum, Relative Velocity, Energy, General Relativity

Mon 11/17 27.1 – 27.3 Blackbody Radiation, Photoelectric Effect, X-rays Quiz 11

Photoelectric EffectWed 11/19 27.4 – 27.8 Compton Effect, Wavefunctions, Uncertainty Principle

Fri 11/21 28.1 – 28.3 Atomic Spectra and Bohr Model of Atom Quiz 12

Mon 11/24 28.4 – 28.7 Quantum Mechanics, Periodic Table, X-rays, Lasers No Lab

Wed 11/26 – Fri 11/28 Thanksgiving Recess

Mon 12/1 26.1 – 28.7 Modern Physics Test 5

Nuclear RadiationWed 12/3 29.1 – 29.3 Nuclei, Binding Energy, Radioactivity

Fri 12/5 29.4 – 29.7 Decay Processes, Nuclear Reactions Quiz13

Mon 12/8 Review Online Assessment Completed by Thu 12/11

Mon 12/15 Cumulative Final Exam 8:00 am – 10:00 am

2 Physics 106 – Fall 2014

INTRODUCTION

Physics is a branch of science that seeks to understand how things work at allscales from small to large. Physics embodies a process of continually refiningtheories of how things work through experimentation. When experiments fail toyield the results predicted by a theory, the theory is refined. Through this processthe field of physics has evolved over time. There are many subfields of physics.You have already studied mechanics which describes how objects interact,thermodynamics which details energy and heat transfer in matter, and oscillatorswhich are the foundation for describing periodic motion.

In this course you will study sound, electricity and magnetism, light, and modernphysics. After your studies of sound as disturbances propagated through mediayou will be able to answer questions such as: Why does sound travel faster inwater than in air? How can I tell when two musical instruments are in tune?

Electricity and Magnetism is a large subfield of physics that explores electricalforces, magnetic forces, and their interrelationship. This was the first instance oftwo forces being unified, the success of which has lead physicists to try todevelop a theory of everything. You will be able to answer questions such as:Why does lightning occur? How does a battery work? How do speakers andmicrophones work?

As you study light, you will investigate the description of light as traveling waves.You will also apply simplified description of light as rays to understand commonoptical instruments such as reading glasses, telescopes, microscopes, andsecurity mirrors. You will be able to answer questions such as: Why is the skyblue? Why are sunrises and sunsets red? How does a camera work?

Modern physics encompasses many studies that form the basis for advancementsin our understanding of the nature of the universe in the twentieth century.Warped space-time, quantum fluctuations and uncertainty, and nuclear forceshave given rise to strange ideas like black holes, time travel, lasers, and nuclearenergy. You will be able to answer questions such as: What is the twin paradox?Why do “neon” lights have different colors? Why is the periodic table of theelements structured the way it is? What kind of radiation do I have to worryabout?

ASSESSMENT

Throughout this course you will be exercising your analytical and quantitativeskills by investigating various theories in the lab and by completing in-class andonline homework assignments. Conceptual quizzes will be administered onMoodle. The tests and cumulative final exam will consist of short and long answerquestions similar to those you are assigned for homework. Each question isscored individually for concept identification, logical analysis, and mathematicalcorrectness.


PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY

In a general physics course a student is asked to solve many problems. It isgenerally assumed that solving problems is the best way to clarify the conceptsand principles of physics. This is true, provided that a student is able to makesolving problems a real learning experience. It is possible that solving problemsbecomes only a routine: "How to discover the right equation." If a studentapproaches problem solving with the attitude that she/he only has to find theequation that will give the right answer, much time may be spent, but littlelearning of physics will take place. To make problem solving a more rewardingand profitable part of general physics, the following procedure should be kept inmind constantly.

1. Read the problem carefully enough so that you can state in your own wordswhat physical situation is being described.

2. Draw a diagram or simple picture of the physical situation as you reread theproblem. This is essential to the understanding of most problems. Trying tosolve a problem mentally or intuitively usually consumes much time with noresults.

3. Label all physical quantities in the diagram using appropriate letters andchoose a coordinate system.

4. Identify the physical principle(s) or law(s) you think you ought to apply to theproblem, as well as the knowns and unknown. List them all and circle theunknowns.

5. Equations are written down next which relate the physical quantities (knownsand unknowns) and which are consistent with the principle(s) or laws(s) fromthe previous step.

6. Solve the set of equations algebraically for the unknown quantities. Do notsubstitute in known values (unless they are zero) yet – some cancellation maytake place that will simplify your calculator operations in the next step.

7. Substitute in the known values with their units to find numerical values withunits for the unknowns.

8. Check your answer: Are the units correct? Is the number (including sign)reasonable?

The procedure outlined above will be applicable in many other situations outside of physics for solving problems in the other sciences. Most problems in business, medicine, and scholarly research of any kind will be solved more easily if a disciplined, orderly approach is developed.


Topic 1 – SoundAug. 25 – Sep. 1

Reading: Chapter 14 – Waves and Sound, pp. 473-506

Objectives:

1. Be able to describe characteristics of sound waves including speed, energy and intensity, spherical and plane, and shock waves.

2. Be able to calculate the speed of sound in various materials.3. Be able to calculate decibel levels.4. Be able to describe the Doppler effect and apply the Doppler equation.5. Be able to define superposition, standing wave, node, antinode,

resonance, and beat frequency.6. Be able to calculate resonant frequencies (fundamental and harmonics)

for strings under tension and columns of air.7. Be able to explain how ultrasound images are formed and how the ear

works.

Equations to Know from Memory:

Speed of Sound: v= elastic propertyinertial property

in fluid: v= B

in solid rod: v=Y

Speed of Sound in air: v=331 m /s T273K

Intensity: I≡powerarea

=PA

Decibel Level: ≡10 log II 0

Doppler Effect: f O= f S vvO

v−vS Shock Waves: sin =

vvs

Standing Waves:Both Ends Same (n = 1, 2, 3, ...) Different Ends (n = 1, 3, 5, ...)

n=2Ln

f n=vn

=nv2 L=nf 1 n=

4 Ln

f n=vn

=nv4 L=nf 1

Speed of Wave on string: v= F

Beat Frequency: f b=∣ f 2− f 1∣

Typical Problems:

Chapter 14 – 1, 4, 7-9, 10-15, 17, 19-21, 23-31, 33-35, 38-43, 45-59

Physical Constants to Know:

Speed of sound in air at 273K (0°C): v=331 m /s


Topic 2 – Electric Forces and FieldsSep. 5 – Sep. 8

Reading: Chapter 15 – Electric Forces and Electric Fields, pp. 513-541

Objectives:

1. Be able to describe the difference between conductors and insulators.2. Be able to describe how to charge by friction, conduction, and induction.3. Be able to calculate electric forces using Coulomb's Law.4. Be able to calculate electric fields due to point charges.5. Be able to draw electric field lines.6. Be able to calculate electric flux and apply Gauss's Law.


Coulomb's Law: F=ke

∣q1∣∣q2∣

r2Electric Field: E⃗≡

F⃗q0

Electric Field for a point charge: E=ke

∣q∣

r2

Electric Flux: E=EAcos Gauss's Law: E=Q inside

0

Typical Problems:

Chapter 15 – 1, 6, 10-15, 17-21, 24, 26-29, 31-34, 37, 40-42, 45, 47, 48


Fundamental Charge: e=1.6×10−19 CCoulomb Constant: k e=8.9875×10

9 N⋅m 2/C2≈8.99×109 N⋅m 2

/C2

Permittivity of Free Space: 0=1

4 ke

=8.85×10−12 C2/N⋅m2


Topic 3 – Electrical Energy and CapacitanceSep. 10 – Sep. 15

Reading: Chapter 16 – Electrical Energy and Capacitance, pp. 548-582

Objectives:

1. Be able to describe electric potential and electrical potential energy.2. Be able to calculate electric potential differences.3. Be able to calculate electrical potential energy.4. Be able to describe the operation of a capacitor – calculate capacitance

based on electrical measurements and physical attributes.5. Be able to calculate the equivalent capacitance for series, parallel, and

complex combinations of capacitors.6. Be able to calculate the energy stored in a capacitor.


Change in potential energy in uniform electric field: PE=−qE x x

Potential Difference: V=PE

q in uniform E-field: V=−E x x

Point charges: Electric Potential: V=keqr

Potential Energy: PE=kq1 q2

r

Capacitance: C≡Q V

Parallel-Plate Capacitor: C=0Ad

≡

0

Energy Stored in Capacitor: W=12 QΔV=1

2 C (ΔV )2=Q2

2 C

Capacitors in Parallel: C eq=C1C2C3⋯

Capacitors in Series:1

C eq

=1

C1

1

C2

1

C3

⋯

Typical Problems:

Chapter 16 – 1-7, 11-17, 20, 21, 23, 25-30, 33-44, 45, 47-53

Physical Constants and Units to Know:

Volt: 1 V=1 J /CElectron Volt: 1 eV=1.6×10−19 JElectric Field: 1 N /C=1 V /mCapacitance (farads): 1 F=1 C /V


Topic 4 – Current and ResistanceSep. 17 – Sep. 19

Reading: Chapter 17 – Current and Resistance, pp. 590-610

Objectives:

1. Be able to define and calculate current.2. Be able to describe the operation of a resistor – calculate resistance

based on electrical measurements and physical attributes.3. Be able to apply Ohm’s Law.4. Be able to calculate power supplied to devices and power dissipated by

resistors.5. Be able to describe superconductors.


Current: I av≡Q t

I= lim t0

I av= lim t 0

Q t

I=nqvd A

Resisitance: R≡ V

I R=

LA

Ohm’s Law: V=IR

Power Supplied: P= V I Power Dissipated by Resistor: P=I 2 R= V 2

R

Typical Problems:

Chapter 17 – 1, 2, 4, 6-8, 10, 11, 13-17, 20, 25, 27, 33-39, 42-45


Current (amps): 1 A=1 C/sResistance (ohms): 1 =1 V /AEnergy (kilowatt-hour): 1 kWh=3.60×106 J


Topic 5 – DC CircuitsSep. 22 – Sep. 26

Reading: Chapter 18 – Direct-Current Circuits, pp. 616-640

Objectives:

1. Be able to describe sources of emf and calculate their terminal voltage and power output.

2. Be able to calculate the equivalent resistance for series, parallel, and complex combinations of resistors.

3. Be able to apply Kirchhoff’s Rules to complex circuits.4. Be able to describe transient currents in RC circuits and calculate time

constants.5. Be able to describe household circuits.


emf Soures – Terminal Voltage: V=−Ir Power Output: P=IεResistors in Series: Req=R1R2R3⋯

Resistors in Parallel:1

R eq

=1R11R2

1R3

⋯

Kirchhoff’s Rules: ∑ I i n=∑ I out junction rule ∑ V=0 loop rule

Capacitor Charging: q=Q 1−e−t /RC Capacitor Discharging: q=Q e−t /RC

Time Constant: =RC

Typical Problems:

Chapter 18 – 1-11, 14, 16-40


None


Topic 6 – Magnetism and Magnetic FieldsOct. 1 – Oct. 3

Reading: Chapter 19 – Magnetism, pp. 648-679

Objectives:

1. Be able to describe sources of magnetic fields.2. Be able to calculate the magnetic force on moving charges and

current-carrying wires.3. Be able to calculate the torque on a current loop.4. Be able to describe the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field

and explain quantitatively how a mass spectrometer works.5. Be able to calculate the magnetic fields due to straight wires, loops, and

solenoids.6. Be able to apply Ampère’s Law.7. Be able to calculate the magnetic force between parallel conductors.


Magnetic Forces: F=qvB sin moving charge F=BIl sin current carrying wire Torque on current loop: =BIAN sin= B sin Magnetic Moment: =IAN

Magnetic Fields: Bwire=0 I

2 r Bloop=N

0 I

2 R Bsolenoid=0 n I n=

Nl

Motion of Charged Particle in Magnetic Field: r=mvqB

Ampère’s Law: ∑ B∣∣ l= 0 I

Force between 2 Parallel Conductors:Fl=μ0 I 1 I 2

2πd

Typical Problems:

Chapter 19 – 1-18, 22-30, 33-38, 41-51, 55-63


Tesla (T): 1 T=1 Wb /m2=1N

C⋅m /s=1

NA⋅m

Gauss (G): 1 G=10−4 T

Permeability of Free Space: 0=4×10−7 T⋅mA


Topic 7 – Electromagnetic InductionOct. 6 – Oct. 8

Reading: Chapter 20 – Induced Voltages and Induction, pp. 688-715

Objectives:

1. Be able to define and calculate magnetic flux.2. Be able to apply Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction.3. Be able to explain and apply Lenz’s Law.4. Be able to calculate motional emf.5. Be able to explain the operation of electric generators and calculate their

emf.6. Be able to explain and calculate self-inductance.7. Be able to calculate emf and current for series RL circuits.8. Be able to calculate the energy stored in the magnetic field of an

inductor.


Magnetic Flux: B≡BA cos Faraday's Law of Induction: =−NB

t

Motional emf: ∣∣=Blv

Electric Generators: =NBAsin t

RL Circuits: ≡−L I t I=

R1−e−t / =L /R

Inductance: L=N B

I L=

0 N 2 A

lEnergy Stored in a Magnetic Field of an Inductor: PEL=

12LI 2

Typical Problems:

Chapter 23 – 1-14, 16, 17, 19-21, 23-29, 32-41, 43-53


None


Topic 8 – AC Circuits and Electromagnetic WavesOct. 10 – Oct. 17

Reading: Chapter 21 – Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves, pp. 723-755

Objectives:

1. Understand the relationship between rms values and maximum values.2. Be able to calculate capacitive and inductive reactance.3. Be able to draw phasor diagrams for RLC series circuits.4. Be able to calculate the impedance and phase angle for RLC circuits.5. Be able to calculate the power dissipated in RLC circuits.6. Be able to calculate the resonant frequency for an RLC circuit.7. Be able to calculate voltages and currents in the primary and secondary

of a transformer.8. Be able to describe properties of electromagnetic waves.


RMS values: A rms=Amax

2Ohm's Law: V R ,rms=I rms R

Capacitors: XC≡1

2 f C VC , rms=I rms XC

Inductors: X L≡2 f L V L , rms=I rms X L

AC Circuits: V max= V R2 V L−V C

2 Z≡√ R2+ (X L−X C )2 V max=Imax Z

Phase Angle: tan=X L−X C

R Power: P av=I rmsV rmscos cos=R /Z

Resonance: f 0=1

2LC

Transformers: V 2=N 2

N 1

V 1

Properties of Electromagnetic Waves: EB=c c= f

Uc≤ p≤

2Uc

Intensity: I=Emax Bmax

20

=Emax

2

20 c=

c20

Bmax2 Doppler Shift: f O≈ f S1±u

c

Typical Problems:

Chapter 21 – 1-6, 8-12, 14-41, 43-47, 49-51, 55, 58, 59-61, 6-66


Speed of Light in vacuum: c=3.00×108 m/ s


Topic 9 – Geometric Optics: Reflection and RefractionOct. 24 – Oct. 27

Reading: Chapter 22 – Reflection and Refraction of Light, pp. 761-783

Objectives:

1. Be able to apply the law of reflection to plane surfaces.2. Be able to define the index of refraction.3. Be able to apply Snell’s law for refraction.4. Be able to describe dispersion as it applies to prisms and rainbows.5. Be able to describe Huygen's Principle.6. Be able to describe total internal reflection and find the critical angle.


Photon Energy: E=hfReflection: 1 '=1

Index of Refraction: n≡cv

n=0

n

Snell’s Law: n1 sin1=n2 sin2 Critical Angle: sin c=n2n1

for n1n2

Typical Problems:

Chapter 22 – 1-13, 15-22, 25-32, 34-40, 43, 44


Planck's Constant: h=6.63×10−34 J⋅s


Topic 10 – Geometric Optics: Mirrors and LensesOct. 29 – Oct. 31

Reading: Chapter 23 – Mirrors and Lenses, pp. 790-818

Objectives:

1. Be able to draw ray diagrams for mirrors and lenses.2. Be able to apply the law of reflection to plane, concave, and convex

mirrors and calculate image distances and heights.3. Be able to apply the law of refraction to flat surface, spherical surfaces,

and thin lenses image distances and heights.4. Be able to spherical and chromatic aberration.


Mirrors: M=h 'h=−

qp

1p

1q=

1f

f=R /2

Refraction: M=h 'h=−

n1 q

n2 p

n1

p

n2

q=

n2−n1

R

Thin Lenses: M=h 'h=−

qp

1p

1q=

1f

1f=n−1 1

R1

−1R2

Typical Problems:

Chapter 23 – 1-13, 15-17, 19, 21-25, 27, 29-39, 41-43


None


Topic 11 – Wave OpticsNov. 3 – Nov. 5

Reading: Chapter 24 – Wave Optics, pp. 824-852

Objectives:

1. Be able to define destructive and constructive interference both in wordsand mathematically.

2. Be able to mathematically describe a two-source interference pattern.3. Be able to mathematically apply the principle of thin film interference.4. Be able to mathematically apply the principles of diffraction to single

slits and gratings.5. Be able to describe polarization and apply Brewster's Law.


Interference m=0,±1,±2,±3, ... :

Constructive: d sinbright=m ybright=Ld

m Destructive: d sindark=m 12

Wavelength in Medium: n=

n n≡

cv

Thin Film Interference: 2 n t={m12

m } where m=0,1,2,3,...

Single-Slit Diffraction: sindark=m a

where m=±1,±2,±3, ...

Diffraction Grating: d sinbright=m where m=0,±1,±2,±3, ...

Poalrization – Malus's Law: I=I 0 cos2 Brewster's Law: n=tan p

Typical Problems:

Chapter 24 – 1-9, 11-13, 15-22, 24-45, 47, 49, 51-56, 58-61


Speed of Light in vacuum: c=3.00×108 m /s


Topic 12 – Optical InstrumentsNov. 7

Reading: Chapter 25 – Optical Instruments, pp. 859-879

Objectives:

1. Be able to describe the operation of a camera.2. Be able to describe how the human eye functions.3. Be able to calculate power of a lens needed to correct hyperopia and

myopia.4. Be able to calculate magnifications for magnifying lenses, microscopes,

and telescopes.5. Be able to describe Rayleigh's criterion for resolution.6. Be able to calculate the limiting angle of resolution for single slits and

circular apertures and the resolving power of a diffraction grating.7. Be able to describe the operation of a Michelson interferometer.


Cameras: fnumber ≡ f /D

Magnifying Lens: m≡ 0

mmax=125 cm

f m=

25 cmf

Power of a lens in diopters: P (D)= 1f (m )

Microscope: m=−Lf o 25 cm

f e Telescope: m=−

f o

f e

Resolution – Single Slit: min≈/ a Circular Aperature: min=1.22/D

Resolving Power of Diffraction Grating: R=

=Nm

Typical Problems:

Chapter 25 – 1-5, 9-32, 34-42, 44, 46, 47-50


Typical Human Near Point: 25 cm


Topic 13 – Special and General RelativityNov. 12 – Nov. 14

Reading: Chapter 26 – Relativity, pp. 885-906

Objectives:

1. Be able to explain the difference between inertial and accelerated frames of reference.

2. Be able to explain how the Michelson-Morley experiment showed that thespeed of light in vacuum is a constant.

3. Be able to state the two postulates of special relativity.4. Be able to define an event in space-time.5. Be able to distinguish proper time intervals from time intervals when

applying the time dilation formula.6. Be able to distinguish proper lengths from lengths when applying the

length contraction formula.7. Be able to calculate relativistic momentum.8. Be able to find the relative velocity of two objects travelling at

relatativistic speeds.9. Be able to calculate relativistic energy and explain how rest energy is

related to total energy.10.Be able to state the two postulates of general relativity.


Time Dilation: t= t p Length Contraction: L=L p/

Relativistic Factor: =1

1−v2/c2 Relativistic Momentum: p=γmv

Relative Velocity: v AB=v AE−vBE

1−vAE vBE/c2 v AE=

v AB+v BE

1+vAB v BE /c2

Kinetic Energy: KE=γmc2−mc2 Rest Energy: ER=mc2

Total Energy: E=γmc2

Typical Problems:

Chapter 26 – 1-12


None


Topic 14 – Quantum PhysicsNov. 17 – Nov. 19

Reading: Chapter 27 – Quantum Physics, pp. 911-930

Objectives:

1. Be able to explain how Planck’s concept of quantized energy contributed to our understanding of blackbody radiation.

2. Be able to explain the photoelectric effect in terms of photons.3. Be able to explain the importance of x-rays for probing matter and apply

Bragg's Law.4. Be able to explain the Compton Effect and calculate wavelength shifts.5. Be able to describe matter waves qualitatively and quantitatively.6. Be able to apply the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.


Wien's Displacement Law: max T=0.2898×10−2 m⋅KEnergy Quanta: En=nhfPhotoelectric Effect: KEmax=e V s=hf−

Photon Energy: E=hf Photon Momentum: p=Ec=

h

X-ray Production: min=hc

e VBragg's Law: 2 d sin=m m=1, 2,3,

Compton Effect: =−0=h

me c1−cos

deBroglie Wavelength: =hp=

hmv

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: x px≥h

4and E t≥

h4

Typical Problems:

Chapter 27 – 1-5, 7-12, 15-24, 27, 28, 30, 33-37


None


Topic 13 – Atomic PhysicsNov. 21 – Nov. 24

Reading: Chapter 28 – Atomic Physics, pp. 934-953

Objectives:

1. Be able to explain Thomson’s and Rutherford’s models of the atom.2. Be able to explain line spectra in terms of the Rydberg formula and

calculate wavelengths of emission and absorption.3. Be able to describe the Bohr model of the atom in terms of quantization.4. Be able to calculate radii and energies of electron orbits using the Bohr

model.5. Be able to identify valid quantum states.6. Be able to explain the origin of characteristic x-rays.7. Be able to describe the operation of a laser.


Rydberg Formula: 1=RH 1m2−

1

n2 Bohr Model: m e vr=nℏ r n=n2 ℏ

2

me ke e2=n2 a0 En=−me k e

2e4

2ℏ2 ( 1n2 )= 1

n2 E1

Emitted Photon Frequency: f=E i−E f

h=

me ke2 e4

4πℏ3 ( 1n f

2−1ni

2 )

Typical Problems:

Chapter 28 – 1-15, 27-37


Rydberg Constant for Hydrogen: RH=1.097×107 m−1

Planck's Constant: ℏ=h/ 2Bohr Radius (hydrogen): a0=0.0529 nmGround State Energy (hydrogen): E1=−13.6 eV


Topic 14 – Nuclear PhysicsDec. 3 – Dec. 5

Reading: Chapter 29 – Nuclear Physics, pp. 957-978

Objectives:

1. Be able to describe nuclei in terms of constituents and stability.2. Be able to list types of radiation and their sources.3. Be able to calculate decay constants and half-lives.4. Be able to balance nuclear reaction equations using baryon

conservation, charge conservation, and energy conservation.


Binding Energy: m c2=[ ∑nucleons

m − m nucleus]c2

Nuclear Radius: r=r0 A1/3 r 0=1.2×10−15 m

Radioactive Decay: R=∣N t ∣= N N=N 0 e− t T 1/2=

0.693

decay: XZA YZ−2

A−4 He2

4 E

decay: n01 p1

1 e−1

0

decay: p11 n0

1 e1

0

decay: X∗ZA

XZA

Threshold Energy: KEmin=1 mM ∣Q∣

Dose in rem = Dose in rads × RBE

Typical Problems:

Chapter 29 – 1-4, 9-32, 35-44


Activity: 1 Ci=3.70×1010 Bq 1 Bq≡1 decay /sAbsorbed Dose, D: 1 rad=10−2 Gy 1 GrayGy≡1 J /kgDose Equivalents: 1 rem=10−2 Sv 1 Gy×RBE≡1 sievertSv


PHYSICS 106awhitten/phys106/phys106syllabus.pdf · PHYSICS 106 Physics for the Life Sciences II Sound Electricity and Magnetism ... 29.3 Nuclei, Binding Energy, Radioactivity Nuclear

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