Physical Science Worksheet Packet Mr. Geist - LPSisite.lps.org/mgeist/WS-PS-Book.pdf · Physical Science Worksheet Packet Mr. Geist . page 1 – WS ... Section 1.1 Short Answer. Answer

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Unit One Worksheet – Motion and Forces WS – PS – U1

Section 1.1 Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 1. Why is a control important in an experiment? 2. Why is gravity an example of a scientific law? 3. You water your houseplant every Saturday. On Wednesday, you notice its leaves are drooping.

You give it some water, and the leaves perk up. You conclude that you need to water twice a week. Was this a valid experiment? Explain.

4. What is the dependent variable in an experiment that shows how the volume of gas changes

with changes in temperature? Place the following in logical order by writing the numbers 1 (for the first step) through 6 (the last step) for the numbered step. ________5. analyze the data ________8. gather information ________6. test the hypothesis ________9. state the problem ________7. form a hypothesis ________10. draw conclusions


Section 1.2 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. ________11. Density A) Amount of space a substance occupies B) Mass divided by volume ________12. Mass C) An exact quantity used for comparison D) Amount of matter in a substance ________13. SI E) International System of Units that uses multiples of ten in its units ________14. Standard ________15. Volume Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the equation that expresses an equal value. ________16. A) 1 L = 1 dm3 B) 1 L = 1 cm3 ________17. A) 1 mL = 1 cm3 B) 1 L = 1 cm3 ________18. A) 0C = – 273 K B) 0 K = – 273C ________19. A) 1 kg = 100 g B) 1 kg = 1000 g ________20. A) 400 cm = 4.0 m B) 400 cm = 0.40 m ________21. A) 1 dm = 10 m B) 1 dm = 0.10 m ________22. A) 1 Dm = 10 m B) 1 Dm = 0.10 m ________23. A) 100C = 373 K B) 373 K = 10C Circling. Circle the units that would most likely be used to express each kind of measurement. Only

circle one set of units per question. 24. volume of a solid: mL m3 g/mL s K 25. volume of a liquid: mL m3 g/mL s K 26. density of a material: L m2 g/mL m3 C 27. temperature: mL m3 g s K 28. mass: mL m3 g s K 29. time: m m3 g s K 30. length: m m3 g s K


Table Completion. Complete the table below by supplying the missing information of base SI units and symbols.

Measurement Base unit Symbol

31. meter

35.

mass 33. 36.

32. second

37.

temperature 34. 38.

Problems. Solve the following problems. Show work or receive no credit. Include proper units. 39. What is the volume of a box if its length is 15 cm, its width is 10 cm, and its height is 5 cm? 40. A metal brick has a mass of 54 g. When submersed in water, it displaces 20 mL of water,

meaning that the brick’s volume is 20 cm3. What is the density of the metal brick? 41. What is the metal described in Problem 40? (HINT: Use the density table in your notes.)


Section 1.3 Short Answer. Answer the following information based on the graphs provided.

Graph A

Graph of Temperature versus Timefor the Heating of Water

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

1 3 5 7 9 11

Time (in minutes)

42. What type of graph is Graph A? 43. What information is shown in Graph A? 44. What is the independent variable in Graph A? 45. On what axis is the independent variable plotted? 46. On what axis is the dependent variable plotted?


Graph B

Height of Students In Mr. Geist's Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

156 158 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176

Height (in cm)

47. What type of graph is Graph B? 48. What information is shown in Graph B? 49. What is the most common height for students in Mr. Geist’s class?

Graph C

Elements of Which Living Things Consist

65%

18%

10%

3%

2.30%

1.40%

0.30%

Oxygen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Other elements

Phosphorus

Sulfur

50. What type of graph is Graph C?


51. What information is shown in Graph C? 52. What element makes up the largest part of living things? Section 2.1

Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. ________53. Average speed A) Distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point ________54. Displacement B) Distance an object travels per unit of time C) Speed of an object at a given point in time ________55. Distance D) Total distance that an object travels divided by the total time it takes to travel ________56. Instantaneous speed that distance E) Describes the speed and direction of a ________57. Speed moving object F) How far an object moves ________58. Velocity Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes or answers the statement

or question. ________59. A sprinter runs 200 meters west and 100 meters east. Her displacement is ___. (A) 100 m (B) 100 m west (C) 100 m east (D) 300 m east ________60. Speed can be calculated by dividing distance by ___. (A) time (B) velocity (C) direction (D) displacement ________61. Earth’s plates move only a few ___ per year. (A) kilometers (B) meters (C) centimeters (D) micrometers ________62. Two cars are each traveling at 72 km/h. One car is traveling northeast, and the other is

traveling south. The two cards have different ___. (A) speeds (B) velocities


Graph Identification. Match the letters in the graph to the sentences that best correspond to them.

________63. Ruth stops for 10 minutes to speak to a friend. ________64. Ruth walks at a constant speed of 80 meters per minute. ________65. Ruth jogs 600 meters in 5 minutes. Problem Solving. Solve the following problems. Show work or receive no credit. Include proper

units. 66. If Ruth (from Question 65) runs 600 meters in 5 minutes, what is her speed? 67. If Ruth was to run 60 meters per minute in 5 minutes, how far did she run? 68. If Ruth was to run 600 meters at a speed of 60 meters per minute, how long did it take her to

run?


Sections 2.2 and 2.3 Crossword Fill. Fill in the crossword with the correct words that correspond to the clues.

Across Down

4. The rate of change of velocity 1. The distance an object travels per unit 7. The tendency of an object to resist

any change in its motion 2.of time Forces on an object that are equal in

8. A push or pull that is exerted on an object 3.

strength but opposite in direction A measure of how far an object has

9. The distance and direction of an object from a starting point 5.

moved from a starting point ___ speed is equal to the total distance

10. Equal, but opposite, forces are said to result in a(n) ___ force of zero.

traveled divided by the total time of travel.

11. Type of force that can change the velocity of a body at rest or in motion

6. Includes both the speed of an object and the direction it is moving

7. The rate of change in position at a given point in time is ___ speed.

Short Answer/Problem Solving. Answer the following questions. Show work or receive no credit

when mathematics are involved. Include proper units. 69. How are velocity, time, and acceleration related mathematically? (In other words, what is the

formula for acceleration that involves velocity and time?)


70. What is meant by the term “negative acceleration”? 71. A vehicle accelerates from 5 meters per second to 45 meters per second in 20 seconds. What

is the vehicle’s acceleration during this time interval? 72. Do forces always cause motion? Explain. 73. While trying to explain a physics concept, a student said, “Stuff keeps doing what it’s doing

unless something messes with it.” What law was this student summarizing? Explain your answer.

74. If you were to skydive to Earth’s surface, would such a dive involve positive acceleration,

negative acceleration, or no acceleration? Explain. 75. How do velocity and acceleration change, if at all, when firing a cannonball at an angle? Section 3.1

Problem Solving. Solve the following problems. Show work or receive no credit. Include proper

units. 76. How much force is needed to accelerate a 1000-kg car at a rate of 3 m/s2? 77. If a 70-kg swimmer pushes off a pool wall with a force of 250 N, at what rate will the swimmer

accelerate from the wall?


78. A weightlifter raises a 200-kg barbell with an acceleration of 3 m/s2. How much force does the weightlifter use to raise the barbell?

79. A dancer lifts his partner above his head with an acceleration of 2.5 m/s2. The dancer exerts a

force of 200 N. What is the mass of the partner? Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 80. What does Newton’s second law of motion state? What two factors affect the rate of acceleration of an object? 81. ______________________________________________________________ 82. ______________________________________________________________ What are the three types of friction and when does each apply? 83. Type: ________________________________________________________ When it applies: ________________________________________________ 84. Type: ________________________________________________________ When it applies: ________________________________________________ 85. Type: ________________________________________________________ When it applies: ________________________________________________ What three factors determine amount of air resistance? 86. ______________________________________________________________ 87. ______________________________________________________________ 88. ______________________________________________________________ Sections 3.2 Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 89. What does the law of gravitation state?


90. If an object weighs 40 N on Earth, would it weigh more, less, or the same on the Moon? Explain.

91. Why does Earth exert a stronger gravitational force than the Moon? 92. What is gravity? 93. Are weight and mass the same? Explain. 94. What is the centripetal force that allows a car to move around a sharp curve in a roadway? 95. The exit ramps on highways are sometimes sharp curves. Why are the exit ramps constructed

at an angle so that the outside of the curve is higher up (or banked)? What are the four basic forces of the universe? 96. ______________________________________________________________ 97. ______________________________________________________________ 98. ______________________________________________________________ 99. ______________________________________________________________ What two motions contribute to the path of a projectile? 100. ______________________________________________________________ 101. ______________________________________________________________


What three factors determine amount of air resistance? 102. ______________________________________________________________ 103. ______________________________________________________________ 104. ______________________________________________________________ Section 3.3 Short Answer. Answer the following questions.

105. Draw an arrow on Figure A to show the direction the cannon will move when the cannonball is

fired. 106 Draw arrows on Figure B to show the direction the oars must move to propel the boat forward. 107. Does the arrow you drew on Figure A represent an action force or a reaction force? 108. Does the arrow you drew on Figure B represent an action force or a reaction force? 109. If the force that propels the cannonball forward is 500 N, how much force will move the cannon

backward? Explain. 110. What does Newton’s third law of motion state? 111. How can a rocket move through outer space where no matter exists for it to push on?


112. Some ballet directors assign larger dancers to perform slow, graceful steps and smaller dancers to perform quick movements. Does this plan make sense? Explain. (HINT: Consider the aspects that are talked about in the problem.)

Problem Solving. Solve the following problems. Show work or receive no credit. Include proper

units. 113. What is the momentum of a 2-kg toy truck that moves at 10 m/s? 114. What is the momentum of a 2000-kg truck that moves at 10 m/s? 115. Compare the momentums of a 50-kg dolphin swimming 16 m/s and a 6300-kg elephant walking

at 1 m/s. Which one has more momentum? Explain using calculations.


Unit Two Worksheet – Matter and Energy WS – PS – U2

Section 4.1 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. _______1. Chemical potential energy _______4. Joule _______2. Elastic potential energy _______5. Kinetic energy _______3. Gravitational potential energy _______6. Potential energy A) The SI unit of energy B) Stored energy due to position C) Energy due to motion; depends on the mass and velocity of an object D) Energy stored by things that stretch or twist or compress E) Energy stored in chemical bonds F) Energy stored by things attracted to each other by the force of gravity Problem Solving. Answer the following questions. Show work or receive no credit. Use proper units. 7. What is the kinetic energy of a 100 kg cart moving at a velocity of 7 m/s? 8. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 2-kg vase resting on a shelf 3 meters high? Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 9. A hammer falls off a roof top and strikes the ground with a certain kinetic energy. If it fell from a

roof twice as tall, how would its kinetic energy compare? Explain. 10. Two books with different masses fall off the same bookshelf. As they fall, which has more

kinetic energy? Explain.


What three things does gravitational kinetic energy depend on? 11. ____________________________________________________________________ 12. ____________________________________________________________________ 13. ____________________________________________________________________ What two things does kinetic energy depend on? 14. ____________________________________________________________________ 15. ____________________________________________________________________ Section 4.2 Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 16. What is the law of conservation of energy? 17. Applying bicycle brakes as you ride down a long hill causes the brake pads and the wheel rims

to feel warm. Explain. 18. What is the source of the large amounts of energy released in nuclear power plants and in the

Sun? 19. Are the same energy releasing processes occurring in the Sun and in reactors? Explain. 20. Suppose you drop a tennis ball out of a second-story window. The first bounce will be the

highest. Each bounce after that will be lower until the ball stops bouncing. Write a description of the energy conversions that take place, starting with dropping the ball.


21. Explain the role friction plays in the conservation of energy. Section 6.1 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. _______22. Temperature _______25. Specific heat _______23. Heat _______26. Thermal energy _______24. Calorimeter A) Device used to find specific heat of a substance B) Average kinetic energy of a substance C) Total amount of kinetic and potential energy for a substance D) Thermal energy that moves from objects of hot temperature to objects of cold temperature E) The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1 K Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 27. If you put a heated rock in a bucket of water, the temperature of the water will increase and the

temperature of the rock will decrease until the temperature is equal for both substances. If you drop a heated rock in the ocean, will the same thing happen? Explain.

28. Before the days of central heating, it was common to take a hot item to bed with you to keep

you warm. Would you rather have a 10 kg heated brick or 10 kg jug of hot water that are the same temperature? Explain in such a way to clarify which would keep you warmer longer throughout the night.

29. During the winter, after a hot bath, is it more efficient to drain the tub immediately or let it sit?

Explain.


Problem Solving. Answer the following questions. Show work or receive no credit. Use proper units. 30. If you warm a 35-kg pile of sand from 300 K to 350 K, and the specific heat of sand is 664

[J/(kgK)], what is the change in thermal energy? 31. If you warm a 35-kg substance from 300 K to 350 K and find the thermal energy change is

15750 J, what is the specific heat in J/(kgK)? 32. If you cool the same pile of sand from problem #9 from a temperature of 350 K to 300 K, will you

have the same thermal change? Explain showing work. True/False. Determine whether the italicized and underlined term makes each statement true or

false. If the statement is true, write “True” in the blank. If the statement is false, write in the blank the term that makes the statement true. Not following these directions will result in no credit.

_____________________33. Particles that make up matter are in constant motion. _____________________34. The faster particles move the less kinetic energy they have. _____________________35. Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the

particles in an object. _____________________36. When temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles

decreases. _____________________37. The thermal energy of an object is the total energy of the particles in a

material. _____________________38. A 5-kg chunk of aluminum and a 5-kg block of silver that are at the

same temperature have the same thermal energy. _____________________39. Heat flows from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. _____________________40. Heat is measured in newtons. _____________________41. Different materials need the same amounts of heat to have similar

changes in temperature.


_____________________42. The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material 1 kelvin is the specific heat of the material.

_____________________43. Water has a relatively low specific heat. _____________________44. Materials with a high specific heat can absorb a lot of energy and

show little change in temperature. Section 6.2 Crossword Puzzle. Complete the crossword puzzle with the words that best fit the descriptions.

Across: 2. Transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves 7. A measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object Down: 1. Transfer of energy through matter by colliding particles; takes place because the particles are

in constant motion 3. Materials, such as fleece and fiberglass, that do not allow heat to move easily through them 4. Type of energy that is a combination of kinetic and potential energy and is the total energy that

makes up a material 5. Transfer of energy by the motion of heated particles in a fluid 6. Thermal energy that flows from a warmer substance to a cooler substance and is measured in

joules Multiple Choice. Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the

question. _______45. Wind and ocean currents are formed by ___. (A) radiation (B) convection (C) conduction (D) condensation


_______46. The transfer of energy that does not require matter is ___. (A) radiation (B) convection (C) conduction (D) condensation _______47. Through which of the following will convection most likely occur? (A) solids and liquids (C) solids (B) solids and gases (D) liquids and gases _______48. Of the following, the best insulator would be ___. (A) silver (B) copper (C) air (D) iron _______49. Fluids expand as the temperature of the fluid ___. (A) increases (B) decreases (C) stays the same _______50. The density of a fluids increases as the fluid ___. (A) expands (B) contracts (C) stays the same True/False. Determine whether the italicized and underlined term makes each statement true or


_____________________51. Materials that are poor conductors are poor insulators. _____________________52. The transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of its particles

is convection. _____________________53. The transfer of energy in the form of invisible waves is conduction. _____________________54. Solids usually conduct heat better than liquids and gases. _____________________55. Air is a poor heat conductor. _____________________56. Energy is usually transferred in fluids by radiation. _____________________57. As water is heated, it expands, becomes less dense, and rises. _____________________58. Dark-colored materials absorb less radiant energy than light-colored

materials. _____________________59. Only radiant energy that is reflected is changed to thermal energy.


Section 7.1 Crossword Puzzle. Complete the crossword puzzle with the words that best fit the descriptions.

Across: 1. Kind of electricity generated when more of one type of charge is on an object 5. Material, such as copper wire, through which an excess of electrons can move easily Down: 2. Charging by ___: one transfers charge between objects by bringing a charged object near a

neutral object 3. Law of conservation of ___: states that charge can be transferred from one object to another

but cannot be created or destroyed 4. Material that does not allow an excess of electrons to move through it easily 6. Charging by ___: one transfers charge between objects by touching or rubbing them Multiple Choice. Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the

question. _______60. When a positively-charged object is brought near a positively-charged object, the two

objects with charge will ___ each other. (A) attract (B) repel (C) stay the same distance from


_______61. When a positively-charged object is brought near a negatively-charged object, the two objects with charge will ___ each other.

(A) attract (B) repel (C) stay the same distance from _______62. When a negatively-charged object is brought near a negatively-charged object, the two

objects with charge will ___ each other. (A) attract (B) repel (C) stay the same distance from Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 63. What is an electroscope, and how does it work? What are the three parts of an atom? 64. ______________________________________________________________________ 65. ______________________________________________________________________ 66. ______________________________________________________________________ 67. How is lightning produced? Section 7.2 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. _______68. Circuit _______71. Ohm’s law _______69. Electric current _______72. Voltage difference _______70. Resistance A) Measured in amperes and is the flow of electric charge through a wire or any conductor B) States that the current in circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance C) Closed conducting loop through which an electric current can flow D) Measured in volts and is a push that causes electric charges to flow through a conductor E) Measured in ohms and is the tendency of a material to oppose electron flow


Short Answer. Answer the following questions. What are three factors that affect the resistance of a copper wire? 73. ______________________________________________________________________ 74. ______________________________________________________________________ 75. ______________________________________________________________________ 76. How does a current traveling through a circuit differ from a static discharge? 77. Briefly explain how a dry cell battery supplies electric current for a device. Problem Solving. Answer the following questions. Show work or receive no credit. Use proper units. 78. What is the voltage difference across a 30- resistor if a 0.5 amp current is flowing through it. 79. What is the current flowing through a 20- resistor if the voltage current across the resistor is 40

V? 80. What is the resistance of a resistor that has a voltage difference across it of 50 V and a current

of 25 amps traveling through it?


Section 8.1 Multiple Choice. Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the

question. _______81. The location of the strongest magnetic forces on a magnet are the ___. (A) magnetic fields (C) magnetic poles (B) magnetic domains (D) electromagnets _______82. The region around a magnet where the magnetic forces act is the ___. (A) magnetic field (C) magnetic pole (B) magnetic domain (D) electromagnet _______83. Objects that keep their magnetic properties for a long time are called ___. (A) permanent magnets (C) electromagnets (B) magnetic domains (D) temporary magnets _______84. The atoms in a magnet are ___. (A) arranged randomly (B) aligned according to their magnetic poles (C) positively charged (D) negatively charged _______85. Groups of atoms with aligned magnetic poles are called ___. (A) magnetic currents (C) magnetic domains (B) magnetic poles (D) magnetic fields _______86. In the United States, power lines can carry power voltages as high as 750,000 V, but the

voltage that is delivered to most homes for use is ___. (A) 60 V (B) 90 V (C) 120 V (D) 150 V Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 87. What happens to the magnetic domains of a temporary magnet as its magnetic field weakens? 88. Why would a permanent magnet that was dropped lose some of its magnetic properties? 89. Is it possible to break a magnet into two pieces so one of the pieces has just one pole? Explain.


90. Why aren’t all materials magnetic? 91. If a compass is placed in a magnetic field, how does the compass needle move? Be specific. Sections 11.1 and 11.2 Identification. Identify each component of a wave by filling in the blanks below. 92. ________________________________________________________________ 93. ________________________________________________________________ 94. ________________________________________________________________ 95. ________________________________________________________________ Short Answer. Answer the following questions. List three characteristics of a wave that you can measure. 96. ________________________________________________________________ 97. ________________________________________________________________ 98. ________________________________________________________________ What are the two types of waves? 99. ________________________________________________________________ 100. ________________________________________________________________ 101. If the frequency of a given wave increases, what happens to the wavelength? Problem Solving. Answer the following questions. Show work or receive no credit. Use proper units. 102. What is the velocity of a wave with a frequency of 6 Hz and a wavelength of 2 m?


103. What is the frequency of a wave with a velocity of 10 m/s and a wavelength of 2 m? 104. What is the wavelength of a wave with a frequency of 50 Hz and a velocity of 250 m/s? True/False. Determine whether the italicized and underlined term makes each statement true or


_____________________105. Waves transfer matter as they travel. _____________________106. A wave will travel only as long as it has energy to carry. _____________________107. Anything that moves up and down or back and forth in a rhythmic way

is vibrating. _____________________108. All waves need a medium in order to travel. _____________________109. Transverse and congressional waves are the two types of mechanical

waves. _____________________110. In a compressional wave, the matter in the medium moves back and

forth at right angles to the direction that the wave travels. _____________________111. In a transverse wave, the matter in the medium moves back and forth

in the same direction that the wave travels. _____________________112. In a transverse wave, the peak of the wave is the crest and the lowest

spot is the trough. _____________________113. The refraction of a wave is how many wavelengths pass a fixed point

each second. _____________________114. The speed of a wave is determined by multiplying the wavelength by

the frequency. _____________________115. In a compressional wave, the denser the medium is at the

compressions, the smaller its amplitude. _____________________116. In a transverse wave, the higher the amplitude, the more energy it

carries.


Unit Three Worksheet WS – PS – U3

Section 9.1 Short Answer. Refer to the following part of the periodic table of elements to answer questions 1 to

4. NOTE: The upper most, centered number in each box of each element is the atomic number for that element.

1. How many radioactive elements are shown above? __________ 2. Of the radioactive elements shown above, how many are found in nature? __________ 3. How many radioactive elements shown above are made only in the laboratory? __________ 4. What statement can be made about the relationship between atomic numbers and radioactivity? Identify the following parts of the atom. 5. Negatively-charged subatomic particle 6. Positively-charged subatomic particle 7. Neutrally-charged subatomic particle 8. When is an atom neutral?


The atomic number of uranium is 92. The most stable isotope of uranium is uranium-238, meaning that the mass number for that isotope is 238. The radioactive isotope of uranium is uranium-235. In the

spaces provided, write the symbols for the nucleus of each isotope of uranium in the form XXXX U. NOTE:

The symbol for uranium is U.

Uranium-235 Uranium-238 9.

10.

11. How many neutrons does uranium-238 contain? __________ 12. How many neutrons does uranium-235 contain? __________ 13. How many protons does uranium-238 contain? __________ 14. How many protons does uranium-235 contain? __________ 15. How many electrons does a neutral atom of uranium-238 contain? __________ 16. How many electrons does a neutral atom of uranium-235 contain? __________ Section 16.1

Crossword Puzzle. Complete the crossword puzzle with the words that best fit the descriptions.


Across: 7. Heat of ___: amount of energy required for liquid particles to escape attractive forces within the

liquid or the energy required to change from a liquid to a gas 8. Heat of ___: amount of energy required to change a substance from the solid phase to the

liquid phase Down: 1. Spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are uniformly distributed 2. Type of energy associated with heat that increases as kinetic energy increases 3. High-temperature gas with an overall neutral charge that is the most common state of matter in

the universe 4. ___ point: temperature at which a solid begin to turn into a liquid 5. ___ point: temperature at which the pressure of the atmosphere is equal to the pressure of the

liquid’s vapor, and gas molecules can escape the attractive force between the molecules; also the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

6. ___ theory: explanation of the behavior of molecules in matter; states that all matter is made of constantly moving particles that collide without losing energy

Fill In The Blanks. Look carefully at the graph. It was drawn from the data collected when a

substance was heated at a constant rate. To heat at a constant rate means to add heat evenly as time passes. Use the graph to complete the sentences that follow.

At the start of observations, Point A, the substance exists in the 17. __________________ state.

The temperature at this point is 18. __________________. As energy is absorbed, the temperature of

the substance rises at a constant rate for two minutes. At Point B, the temperature is 19.

____________, and the solid begins to turn into a 20. __________________. The temperature


remains constant until the change from solid to 21. __________________ is complete. It has taken

three minutes to add enough energy to melt the solid completely. From Point C to Point D, the

substance is in the

22. _________________ state. Its temperature rises at a constant rate to 23. _________________.

The temperature remains constant while the liquid changes to a 24. __________________. At Point

E, the substance exists as a 25. __________________. Its temperature rises evenly as energy is

added.

When the gaseous substance is allowed to cool, it releases energy. The cooling curve will be the

reverse of the warming curve. Energy will be released as the substance changes from a

26. _________________ to a 27. _________________and also from a 28. _____________________

to a 29. __________________. The amount of energy released during condensation will be the same

as the amount absorbed during vaporization.

Section 16.3 Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 30. What does Boyle’s Law state? 31. What does Charles’s Law state? 32. What is pressure? 33. What is absolute zero?


34. If the temperature remains constant, what will happen to the pressure of a gas if you decrease

the volume of the container that holds it? 35. If the volume of a container of gas remains constant, what will happen to the pressure of a gas if

you increase the temperature? Problem Solving. Answer the following questions. Show work and formulas or receive no credit.

Use proper units. 36. If a 5-L balloon at 25C was gently heated to 30C, what new volume would the balloon have? 37. If a 5-L balloon had 20 kPa of pressure acting on it, what would its new volume be if it only had

5 kPa of pressure acting on it? 38. The gas in a closed container has a pressure of 300 kPa at 30C. What will the pressure be if

the temperature is lowered to –172C?


Section 17.1

Crossword Puzzle. Complete the crossword puzzle with the words that best fit the descriptions.

Across: 5. ___ mixture: mixture, such as concrete or a dry soup mix, in which different materials are

unevenly distributed and are easily identified 8. Heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle Down: 1. Element or compound that cannot be broken down into simpler components and maintain the

properties of the original substance 2. Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle 3. Mixture that appears to have the same composition, color, density, and taste throughout and is

mixed at the atomic or molecular level 4. Substance formed from two or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of

elements is always the same 5. ___ mixture: solid, liquid, or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly

throughout 6. ___ effect: scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid 7. An example of this would be iron, helium, zinc, sulfur, etc.


Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 39. What is the difference between a suspension and a colloid? 40. Why do the words “Shake well before using” on a bottle of orange juice indicate that the fruit

juice is a suspension? 41. Why is vinegar considered a solution? Section 17.2 Mutiple Choice. Use one of the choices listed below to show what each example is. You may only

use one choice per blank, but choices can be used in other blanks.

(A) chemical change (B) chemical property (C) physical change (D) physical property _______42. flammability _______50. color _______43. boiling point _______51. water boiling to steam _______44. magnetism _______52. an acid and a base reacting to create a salt and water _______45. ability for a chemical to change its composition when exposed _______53. foaming of an antacid tablet to light when in water _______46. smashing a rock into pieces _______54. changing the state of matter of a substance into a different _______47. melting point state of matter for the same substance _______48. iron turning into rust when exposed to the air _______55. melting iron into a liquid _______49. ability of a substance to _______56. ability to flow chemically change into another substance _______57. evaporating water from salt water Short Answer. Answer the following questions based on the information provided. 58. How does distillation work? 59. What does the law of conservation of mass state, and how can it be used?


Unit Four Worksheet – Atoms, Bonding, and Chemical Reactions WS – PS – U4

Section 18.1 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more

than once. _____1. Atom A) Small particles of matter that, in combinations of three, make protons and neutrons _____2. Electron B) Area around the nucleus of an atom where one will be most likely to find the electrons of the atom _____3. Electron cloud C) Atomic particle found in the nucleus that has a 1+ charge _____4. Neutron D) Atomic particle found in the nucleus that has no charge E) Atomic particle found around the nucleus that has a 1– _____5. Nucleus charge F) Smallest particle of matter that has all the properties of _____6. Proton the element to which it belongs G) Center of the atom _____7. Quark Identification. Identify the symbols of each of the following elements. 8. Sodium: ____________________ 14. Iodine: ____________________ 9. Oxygen: ____________________ 15. Mercury: ___________________ 10. Silver: ______________________ 16. Helium: ____________________ 11. Potassium: __________________ 17. Iron: ______________________ 12. Fluorine: ____________________ 18. Hydrogen: _________________ 13. Phosphorus: _________________ 19. Carbon: ___________________ Short Answer. Answer the following questions.

20. How were quarks discovered?

21. Describe the electron cloud model of the atom.


22. Explain how a rotating electric fan might be used to model the atom. Also explain how the rotating fan is unlike an atom.

23. Why has the atomic model changed over time?

Section 18.2

Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used

more than once. _____24. Atomic number A) Number of protons in an atom’s nucleus B) Atom of the same element as another atom but with a _____25. Atomic mass unit different number of neutrons in its nucleus C) Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of _____26. Average atomic mass an atom D) Weighted average mass all the isotopes of an element _____27. Isotope E) Unit of measurement for the mass of each proton and neutron in an atom; also one-twelfth the mass of a _____28. Mass number carbon atom


Short Answer. Answer the following questions.

Refer to the following two isotopes to fill in the table that follows and answer the questions that follow.

Iridium-185 Iridium-192

77185Ir 77

192Ir

Characteristics

Isotopes of Iridium

Iridium-185 Iridium-192

Number of protons (p+) / Atomic number

29.

33.

Number of electrons (e-) in a neutral atom of the element

30.

34.

Number of neutrons 31.

35.

Number of protons and neutrons / Mass number

32.

36.

37. How do iridium-185 and iridium-192 differ at the atomic level? Be specific.

Section 18.3

Multiple Choice. Select the answer that best completes the statement and write the letter for that

answer in the space provided. _______38. Each energy level of an atom has a maximum number of ___ it can hold. (A) electrons (B) neutrons (C) quarks (D) protons _______39. Dot diagrams are used to represent ___. (A) atomic numbers (C) isotopes (B) atomic mass (D) outer level electrons _______40. Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called ___.. (A) clusters (B) families (C) periods (D) groups _______41. Elements that are gases, are brittle, and are poor conductors at room temperature are

___. (A) metals (B) nonmetals (C) metalloids (D) isotopes


_______42. The current periodic table of elements arranges elements in order of increasing ___. (A) atomic mass (C) number of neutrons (B) atomic number (D) alphabetical order _______43. When Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements, he arranged them in order of increasing

___. (A) atomic mass (C) number of neutrons (B) atomic number (D) alphabetical order _______44. Elements that are semiconductors, such as silicon and germanium, and can be found

along the “zig-zag” line of the periodic table of elements are ___ (A) metals (B) nonmetals (C) metalloids (D) isotopes _______45. Elements that are almost entirely solids, are generally shiny, and are good conductors at

room temperature are ___ (A) metals (B) nonmetals (C) metalloids (D) isotopes

Table Completion. Complete the following table with the information provided and using your periodic table of elements.

Characteristics

Symbols of Elements

Sr Cl O

Number of protons (p+) / Atomic number

46.

51. 56.

Number of electrons (e-) in a neutral atom

of the element

47.

52. 57.

Average atomic mass

48.

53. 58.

Number of electrons in outer most shell of

neutral atom of element

49.

54. 59.

Electron dot diagram of neutral atom of

element

50.

55. 60.


Short Answer. Answer the following question.

61. Why do noble gases rarely combine with atoms of any other element?

Section 19.1 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used

more than once. _____62. Chemical formula A) H2O, NaCl, and C6H12O6 are examples of this B) To have a complete outer shell of electrons _____63. Chemical bond C) The sharing or transfer of electrons creates this _____64. Chemically stable Identification. Identify the number of atoms of each element as specified in the formula shown. NaCl (sodium chloride) MgBr2 (magnesium bromide) 65. Sodium: ____________________ 67. Magnesium: ________________ 66. Chlorine: ___________________ 68. Bromine: ___________________ C12H22O11 (sucrose) Cr(SO4)3 (chromium (VI) sulfate) 69. Carbon: ___________________ 72. Chromium: _________________ 70. Hydrogen: _________________ 73. Sulfur: ____________________ 71. Oxygen: ___________________ 74. Oxygen: __________________ Short Answer. Answer the following questions.

75. Why are some elements stable on their own while others are more stable in compounds?


76. Describe what happens to the properties of elements when atoms form compounds.

77. In what ways can a chemical bond form?

Section 19.2

Short Answer. Answer the following questions.

Study the diagram for questions 78 – 83. Assume atom A will lose some of its electrons to atom B.

78. How many electrons will atom A lose to atom B? _________

79. How many electrons will atom B gain from atom A? _________

80. What will be the new charge and amount of charge on atom A when it becomes ion A? _________

81. What will be the new charge and amount of charge on atom B when it becomes ion B? _________

82. What will be the total charge of the compound formed? _________

83. What type of bond will form? ___________________________


84. Explain why an element’s number of valence electrons is related to the A groups on the periodic table of elements.

85. Why do some covalent compounds have polar molecules while others have nonpolar molecules?

Table Completion. Fill in the table based on the information provided.

Characteristic Ionic compounds Covalent compounds

How the compound is formed with electrons

86.

91.

Smallest particle 87.

92.

Usual state of matter at room temperature

88.

93.

Formed by metals, nonmetals, metalloids?

89.

94.

Example 90.

95.

Section 24.1 Short Answer. Answer the following questions. Use the equation below to answer questions 96 – 97.

2AgNO3(aq) + Mg(s) 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq) 96. What is the physical state of each of the reactants and the product of the reaction? AgNO3: ______________________ Mg(NO3)2: ______________________ Mg: _________________________ Ag: ____________________________ 97. According to the law of conservation of mass, if the total mass of the products in this chemical

reaction is 14 g, what must the combined masses of the reactants be?


Write chemical equations for the following reactions in questions 98 – 100. 98. One unit of methane gas, CH4, plus two units of oxygen gas, O2, produce one unit of carbon

dioxide gas, CO2, and two units of liquid water, H2O. 99. One unit of aqueous aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, plus three units of aqueous barium chloride,

BaCl2, yield two units of aqueous aluminum chloride, AlCl3, plus three units of solid barium sulfate, BaSO4.

100. Two units of solid sodium metal plus one unit of chlorine gas (Cl2) produce two units of solid

sodium chloride, NaCl. Section 24.2

Balancing. Balance the following equations. If you need help, review the steps for balancing equations in your textbook and/or notes. If no coefficient is needed, write “1” in the blank.

101. _______H2(g) + _______Cl2(g) _______HCl(aq) 102. _______N2(g) + _______H2(g) _______NH3(g) 103. _______Li(s) + _______FeBr2(aq) _______LiBr(aq) + _______Fe(s) 104. _______Al(s) + _______HCl(aq) _______H2(g) + _______AlCl3(aq) 105. _______Li(s) + _______N2(g) _______Li3N(s) 106. _______Fe(s) + _______O2(g) _______FeO(s) 107. _______N2O5 + _______H2O _______HNO3 108. _______P + _______O2 _______P2O5 109. _______Fe(OH)3 _______Fe2O3 + _______H2O 110. _______Al + _______H2SO4 _______Al2(SO4)3 + _______H2 Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 111. Use the law of conservation of mass to explain why a chemical equation must be balanced.


112. Why must one use coefficients to balance equations rather than simply change subscripts in a formula?

Section 24.3

Identification. Identify each of the following reactions as one of the following types of reactions: (A) synthesis, (B) decomposition, (C) single-displacement, or (D) double-

displacement. ______113. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s) ______118. CdCO3(s) CdO(s) + CO2(g) ______114. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq) ______119. NiCl2(s) Ni(s) + Cl2(g) ______115. 4C(s) + O2(g) + 6H2(g) 2C2H6O(s) ______120. 2Li(s) + H2O(l) 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)

______116. LiCl(aq) + KOH(aq) KCl(aq) + LiOH(aq) ______121. Mg(s) + O2(g) MgO(s) ______117. MgCO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more

than once. ______122. Synthesis reaction ______125. Single-displacement reaction ______123. Decomposition reaction ______126. Double-displacement reaction ______124. Precipitate A) Insoluble compound that comes out of solution during a double-displacement reaction B) Chemical reaction in which one substance breaks down into two or more substances C) Chemical reaction that produces a gas, water, precipitate, and/or compounds in solution when two

aqueous ionic compounds are combined D) Chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a different substance E) Chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound Short Answer. State whether each reaction will take place. Explain. 127. Au(s) + KNO3(aq) AuNO3(aq) + K(s) 128. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)


Section 24.4 Identification I. Identify each of the following reactions as involving the use of (C) a catalyst, (I) an

inhibitor, or (N) neither. _______129. Brushing the cut edges of fruits with lemon juice can prevent the darkening effect that

contact with air can cause. _______130. In the human body, proteins called enzymes help to speed up chemical processes. _______131. Aluminum oxide, which forms on exposed aluminum, protects the aluminum from further

reaction with air. _______132. Food preservatives called BHT and BHA slow down the spoilage of certain foods. _______133. Nickel is used to increase the rate of methane formation from the addition of hydrogen

and carbon monoxide. Nickel does not permanently change. _______134. Electricity passed through water causes the water to separate into hydrogen gas and

oxygen gas. Identification II. Identify each of the following reactions as being (A) an endergonic reaction or (B) an

exergonic reaction. _______135. When a lit match is placed in alcohol, the alcohol ignites producing heat and light. _______136. Energy in the form of electricity can be added to water to break apart the water

molecules into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. _______137. A piece of coal placed in a furnace gives off heat and light before turning into ash. _______138. When ammonium chloride mixes with water, the solution formed feels cold. _______139. When sulfuric acid mixes with ammonium hydroxide, the solution formed feels hot. Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 140. What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction? 141. What happens to a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Physical Science Worksheet Packet Mr. Geist - LPSisite.lps.org/mgeist/WS-PS-Book.pdf · Physical Science Worksheet Packet Mr. Geist . page 1 – WS ... Section 1.1 Short Answer. Answer

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