Physical features of Bangladesh

Physical featuresof BangladeshNatural TopographyDrainage System

Purpose of this ChapterIt introduces candidates to : Natural topography : the location and

characteristics of the main landform (uplands, hills, flood plains, deltaic plains and coastal plains)

The drainage system The names and locations of the five

main rivers Characteristics and formation of the

main features of these rivers (flood plains ,meanders ,braiding , oxbow lakes and deltas)

LocationBangladesh is a South-Asian small country . It’s total Area is about 1,47,570 square km.

There side of Bangladesh are covered with India and South-east side is covered with Myanmar. Bay of Bengal is situated in the south side of Bangladesh . The west Bengal is situated in the west side of Bangladesh.

Boundary line of Bangladesh

Total boundary line of Bangladesh is about 4712 km.

The length of boundary line with India is about 3715 km.

280 km. with Mayanmar. 716 km. is the coast line of

Bangladesh . The political Sea line of

Bangladesh is about 12 nm.

Geographic Location of Bangladesh From 20º34″ North Latitude

to 26˚38˝ North latitude . From 88˚01˝ East longitude

to 92˚41˝ East longitude .

Topography of BangladeshTopography is a configuration of a land surface including it’s relief and contours, the distribution of mountains and valleys , the patterns of rivers and other natural features that produce the landscape .There are three distinctive natural features in Bangladesh. A broad alluvial plain subject to frequent

flooding. A slighty elevated relatively older plain A small hill region drained by fant

flowing rivers.

Location and characteristics of main landforms

Physiography of Bangladesh

Tertiary Hills

Low hill range Mountain

range

Uplands/Pleistocene terrace

Barinal Tract

Tippera surface

Recent flood plains

Recent flood plainsAbout 90% part of Bangladesh is covered by flood plains . It is a very important type of landscape.It have been divided into 15 sub-units. Old himalayan piedmonthplain Tista floodplains Old Brahmaputro floodplains Jamuna floodplains Haor Basin

Recent floodplains Surma-Kushiyara floodplains Meghna floodplains Ganges river floodplains Ganges Tidal floodplains Sundarbans Lower Atrai Basin Arial Beel Gopalgonj-Khulna peat Basin Northern and Eastern piedmont plain

Drainage SystemThe source , catchment size , river length and volume of discharge of rivers in Bangladesh are known as drainage system of Bangladesh .

The main rivers of BangladeshThe system of rivers can be divided into five major networks as follows : Brahmaputra-Jamuna river system Ganges-Padma river system Surma-Meghna river system Tista river System Karnafuli river system

Meanders

A meandering stream is one that consists of altering bend, giving an S-shaped appearance .

Oxbow Lakes

An oxbow lake is a crescent-shaped lake formed when a riverbank meets across the neek of a well developed meander. It is found on the floodplain of a river .

Flood plains

A floodplain is an area of land that is prone to flooding. People realize it is prone to flooding because it has flooded in the past due to a river or stream overflowing its banks .

Braided streamsA channel that consists of a network of smaller channels separeted by small and often temporary islands called “braid bars” or “eyots”.

Deposition process is regularly occurring in braided river channels .

Deltas

A delta is a land form that is formed at the mouth of a river where the mainstream splits up into several distributaries .

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