PHYSICAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC Properties
PHYSICALCHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTIC
Properties
Properties
Physical Properties – describe a substanceChemical Properties – describe the “ability of
a substance to change into something newCharacteristic properties – are physical or
chemical properties that are unique to a particular substance. They can be used to identify the substance.
Physical properties - describe
ColorOdorTextureMassVolume DensityViscosityBoiling pointMelting PointFreezing Point
HardnessLuster - ShinyMalleability – can be
shapedDuctility – can be
made into wireConductivity –
conducts heat or electricity
Solubility Magnetism
Chemical Properties
Ability to sourAbility to decomposeAbility to explodeAbility to burnAbility to react Ability to thermally decomposeAbility to rust**** ability to grow****
Characteristic properties
Physical or chemical properties that are specific to a particular PURE substance or group of PURE substances
These are used to help identify unknown substances
These are most often quantitative
Physical Characteristic Properties
Density – the amount of matter in a substanceMagnetism – force of attraction to a magnetSolubility – ability of a substance to dissolve
in another substanceMelting Point – temperature that a solid
changes to a liquidBoiling Point – temperature that a liquid
changes to a gasFreezing Point – temperature that a liquid
changes to a solid
Density – amount of matter in a given volume
Magnetism – difficult to calculate – usually compared to another magnetic or non-magnetic substance
Solubility – the amount of a substance that can dissolve in 100 g of water at a given temperature
Melting Point – temperature that a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Boiling Point – temperature that a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
Freezing Point – temperature that a substance changes from a liquid to a solid
The ability of a substance to ….
Examples:
React with another substance to produce a specific result
Produce a specific color change
Burn in the presence of a flammable gas
Create a popping sound or “explosion”
Cobalt chloride turns from pink to blue when there is water present
A glowing splint bursts into flames when there is Oxygen present
A flaming splint produces a popping sound in the presence of Hydrogen
Chemical Characteristic Properties
Identifying groups of chemicals with characteristic properties
Acids
Bases
Alkali metals
Conduct electricity and and turn blue litmus paper red
Conduct Electricity and turn red litmus paper blue
Soft, low melting points
If you are identifying Unknown Substances
You must have at least two characteristic properties AND various other physical and chemical properties in order to identify an unknown substance.