materials Article Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Cement–Glass Composite Marcin Malek 1 , Waldemar Lasica 1 , Marta Kadela 2, * , Janusz Kluczy ´ nski 3 and Daniel Dudek 2 Citation: Malek, M.; Lasica, W.; Kadela, M.; Kluczy ´ nski, J.; Dudek, D. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Cement–Glass Composite. Materials 2021, 14, 637. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ma14030637 Academic Editor: Hyeong-Ki Kim Received: 30 November 2020 Accepted: 24 January 2021 Published: 30 January 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology in Warsaw, ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 01-476 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (W.L.) 2 Building Research Institute (ITB), ul. Filtrowa 1, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-603-60-12-48 Abstract: In accordance with the principles of sustainable development, environmentally friendly, low-emission, and energy-intensive materials and technologies, as well as waste management, should be used. Concrete production is responsible for significant energy consumption and CO 2 production; therefore, it is necessary to look for new solutions in which components are replaced by other materials, preferably recycled. A positive way is to use glass waste. In order to determine the effect of a significant glass cullet content on the properties of concrete, glass powder was used as a filler and 100% glass aggregate. The cement–glass composite has low tensile strength and brittle failure. In order to improve tensile strength, the effects of adding polypropylene fibres on the mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. With the addition of 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 g/m 3 of fibres, which corresponds to 0.0625%, 0.1250%, 0.1875%, 0.2500%, and 0.3125% of cement mass, respectively, flexural strength increased compared with the base sample by 4.1%, 8.2%, 14.3%, 20.4%, and 26.5%, respectively, while the increase in splitting strength was 35%, 45%, 115%, 135%, and 185%, respectively. Moreover, with the addition of fibres, a decrease in slump by 25.9%, 39.7%, 48.3%, 56.9%, and 65.5%, respectively, compared with the reference specimen was determined. Keywords: by-product waste; packaging waste; glass cullet; macro-polymeric fibre; recycling; eco-efficient concrete; slump cone; compressive strength; flexural strength; splitting strength Highlights • Recycled macro-polymer fibres were used to improve tensile strength of the cement– glass composite; • Reduction of the workability of the cement–glass composite with the addition of polypropylene fibres was obtained; • Slight effect of waste fibres on the compressive strength of the cement–glass composite was determined; • With the addition of polypropylene fiber, the flexural strength of the composite increased; • Significant increase in splitting strength for the fibre-reinforced cement–glass compos- ite was demonstrated. 1. Introduction The main problem of recent times is environmental pollution. This is related to, among others, an increase in the production and consumption of polymer materials by an average of 9% per year and an assumption that the upward trends will be continued (it is estimated that, in the coming years, the increase will be 5% a year [1]). According to Plastics Europe [2], world polymer production increased from 1.5 million tonnes in 1950 to 245 million tonnes in 2008. The European Union (EU) economy produces around 20% of the total world polymer production. The demand for raw materials in individual Materials 2021, 14, 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030637 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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