Phylum Bryozoa Encrusting vs. Plant like forms Freshwater vs. Marine What’s this? Bird’s nest? Coral? Fur ball?
Phylum Bryozoa
Encrusting vs. Plant like forms
Freshwater vs. Marine
What’s this?
Bird’s nest?
Coral?
Fur ball?
BryozoaFreshwater BryozoaGelatinous zooecium = red in the specimens we studied in lab.
Have statoblasts (black blobs) for surviving through the winter.
Monomorphic = Zooids all the same
Marine BryozoaLophophore is circular
Plant like, colonial and polymorphic (zooids have different forms for different functions)
Marine Form Excellent example of polymorphismThey have autozooids for basic feeding and modifiedzooids for other functions.
A
Phylum Bryozoa
Avicularia – for defense & perhaps food capture.
Vibracula - keep colony free of debris and settling organisms.
VA
Basic Bryozoan Body PlanArea of tentacles = Lophophore= circular ring in marine, = U-shaped in freshwater
Mouth
Intestine
Stomach
Zoecium = chamber in which the individual ZOOID lives
Anus
Retractor muscle to pull organism back into zooecium
What do you callthe structures that enable freshwater bryozoans to over winter?
Basic Bryozoan Body PlanRing of tentacles = Lophophore= circular ring in marine, = U-shaped in freshwater
Mouth
Intestine
Stomach
Zoecium = chamber in which the individual ZOOID lives
Anus
Retractor muscle to pull organism back into zooecium Statoblasts
Echinodermata Basics
•Water vascular system for gas exchange & excretion
•Exclusively marine
•MOST are dioecious. Boy & girl sea stars and urchins…..
•Phylum typically has pentaradial symmetry
Class Holothuroidea- Sea Cucumbers
Respiratory Structure?Term for releasing insides?Symmetry as adult?
Class Asteroidea- Sea Stars
Path of Water Flow:Madreporite ->stone canal ->ring canal->radial canals->ambulacral groove->lateral /transverse canals-> tube feet/ampullae
Pedicellariae are for cleaning the surfacePapulae are dermal branchiae for respiration
Pyloric Caecum
Gonad
Radial Canal and tube feet
Ambulacral Ridge
Ambulacral Groove
Cross Sections through Ray of a Sea Star
A
B
A
B
Perivisceral Coelom
Pyloric Stomach
Cardiac Stomach - can be evertedin some seastars!
Mouth – oral surface
Anus - Aboral surface
Ampulla
Tube Foot
F
O
O
D
Hepatic or pyloric caecum
Class Echinoidea- Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars
What is the test is used for ?Aristotle’s Lantern is used for?
Class Crinoidea- Sea Lilies and Feather StarsMouth on upper surface of bodyMadreporite is oral instead of aboralTube feet used mainly for feeding
Mouth
Feather Star
Stalked crinoid = Sea Lily
Cirri
Cirri
Sounds (and are) much prettier than our specimens would have you believe!