Phrase or Clause? through the ominous woods Quick check… Answer: phrase.

Phrase or Clause?Phrase or Clause?

through the through the ominous woodsominous woods

Quick check…Quick check…

Answer: phraseAnswer: phrase

Phrase or Clause?Phrase or Clause?

When I said When I said yesyes

Answer: clauseAnswer: clause

Phrase or Clause?Phrase or Clause?

Since I was not Since I was not alonealone

Answer: clauseAnswer: clause

Phrase or Clause?Phrase or Clause?

Reading the Reading the hidden messages in hidden messages in

the cool nigh airthe cool nigh air

Answer: phraseAnswer: phrase

““You hear You hear and use them and use them all the time; all the time;

now let’s now let’s recognize recognize

them!”them!”

The Phrase… The Phrase…

We’ll Start with We’ll Start with

3 Overall Kinds:3 Overall Kinds:

Verbal Verbal (3) (3)

AppositiAppositive ve

Prepositional Prepositional (2)(2)

Definition of a PhraseDefinition of a Phrase:

A group of words that does NOT have a subject and a verb, and acts as 1 part of speech.

In other words…. In other words…. NOT a complete NOT a complete sentence,

sentence, butbut part of part of a sentence!

a sentence!

The The Prepositional Prepositional Phrase!Phrase!

You know this one already!

You know your prepositions so this should be

easy!!!

““Anywhere a mouse Anywhere a mouse can go!”can go!”

Remember your song!Remember your song!

Don’t forget the Preposition Don’t forget the Preposition Box!Box!

The Prepositional Phrase The Prepositional Phrase Consists of These ThingsConsists of These Things: :

1.1. A PrepositionA Preposition

2.2. An object (N or Prn)An object (N or Prn)

3.3. Any modifiers of that objectAny modifiers of that object

There are 2 There are 2 kinds of kinds of these!these!

Petey the Petey the Preposition Preposition

Mouse!Mouse!

For Example…

1. He wasHe was riding (riding (onon his skateboard). his skateboard).

2. I am a huge fan (2. I am a huge fan (ofof Twilight).Twilight).

3. My dad enjoys hunting (3. My dad enjoys hunting (inin the woods). the woods).

****HintHint… find the … find the preposition and go preposition and go until you see the until you see the first noun and first noun and

stop….that’s your stop….that’s your Prepositional Phrase!Prepositional Phrase!

1.1. We were eating chicken wings at BW3’s.We were eating chicken wings at BW3’s.

2.2. I watched ESPN on television last night.I watched ESPN on television last night.

3.3. He rode his dirt bike through the mud.He rode his dirt bike through the mud.

Find the Prep. Phrase in the following sentences.

Find the Prep. Phrases in the Find the Prep. Phrases in the following sentences along with the following sentences along with the object of the preposition.object of the preposition.

So…the definition of an Adj. Phrase So…the definition of an Adj. Phrase isis: a prep. phrase that describes a N : a prep. phrase that describes a N

or Prn.or Prn.

““You know what an You know what an adjective is right?”adjective is right?”

““Yes, it describes a noun or Yes, it describes a noun or pronoun!pronoun!

““There Are 2 Types of There Are 2 Types of

Prepositional Prepositional Phrases.”Phrases.”

Let’s start with the Let’s start with the Adjective PhraseAdjective Phrase…what …what

is it?is it?

ExampleExample: Sarah is : Sarah is the one (the one (with the with the

pink dress)pink dress)..

The phrase is The phrase is describing which one, describing which one,

(a Noun)(a Noun)

Adjective Adjective

Phrase Phrase

& &

Adverb Phrase

Adverb Phrase

Now…the Adverb Phrase Now…the Adverb Phrase (Another Prepositional (Another Prepositional

Phrase)Phrase)““Don’t hide! It’s just as easy since Don’t hide! It’s just as easy since you know what an you know what an adverbadverb is right?” is right?”

An Adverb describes: V, Adj., Adv.An Adverb describes: V, Adj., Adv.

So…the definition of an So…the definition of an

AdverbAdverb Phrase is Phrase is: A : A

Prepositional Phrase Prepositional Phrase

that describes a Verb, that describes a Verb,

Adjective, or Adverb!Adjective, or Adverb!

ExampleExample: We must : We must finish our project

finish our project ((before the before the holidays)holidays)..

““before the holidays” is describing when to before the holidays” is describing when to finishfinish (a verb) so it has to be an adverb phrase. And… (a verb) so it has to be an adverb phrase. And…

“before” is a preposition & this is a type of prep. “before” is a preposition & this is a type of prep. phrase!phrase!

The End… for Day The End… for Day 1!!!1!!!

Be Creativ

e!!!

Take Take 2!!!2!!!

VERBAL PHRASESVERBAL PHRASES……There are 3 kindsThere are 3 kinds

1.1. Gerund PhraseGerund Phrase

2.2. Infinitive PhraseInfinitive Phrase

3.3. Participial Participial PhrasePhrase

““Ok, but Ok, but what does

what does VerbalVerbal mean?”

mean?”****VerbalVerbal: a word that is : a word that is formed from a formed from a VerbVerb, ,

but is used as a N, Adj., but is used as a N, Adj., or Adv.**or Adv.**Example: Example:

SmilingSmiling child childSmiling is formed Smiling is formed

from the verb smile, from the verb smile, but is acting as an but is acting as an

Adj. describing child.Adj. describing child.

It’s like a verb It’s like a verb in disguise!in disguise!

““I’m not I’m not a verb!”a verb!” So…A verbal PhraseSo…A verbal Phrase: :

has a form of a verb has a form of a verb that acts as another that acts as another

POSPOS

GERUND PHRASEGERUND PHRASE…“Wait…what’s a

gerundgerund?”A gerundgerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun!

For exampleFor example: (SkiingSkiing down that slope) was fun.

So, a Gerund PhraseGerund Phrase has has:: - a gerund -a modifier -& the entire phrase is used as a noun

ExampleExample: (Listening to Scream-O musicListening to Scream-O music at high volume)at high volume) may cause you to lose your hearing later in life!

*As you can see, “Listening

to Scream-O music at high

volume” is the gerund

phrase. Listening being the

gerund.

Listening to Scream-

Listening to Scream-O music at high O music at high volumevolume (the gerund phrase) is acting as the Noun in this sentence…

Ask yourself…What may

cause you to lose your

hearing later in life? The

answer is the Noun, which

is the gerund phrase!

What do you What do you

think?think? NO is NO is

correct!!!correct!!!

A A gerund phrasegerund phrase can can come at the beginning come at the beginning

oror the end of a the end of a sentence. Look!sentence. Look!EXAMPLEEXAMPLE::

Texting at school Texting at school can get you in can get you in

trouble.trouble.

QQ: What is : What is the gerund the gerund

phrase?phrase?

AA: : Texting at school…(at the Texting at school…(at the beginning of the sentence.)beginning of the sentence.)

==

Ok, do gerund

Ok, do gerund phrases always

phrases always have to come at

have to come at the beginning of

the beginning of the sentence?

the sentence?

Examples Continued…Examples Continued…

Q: What is the gerund phrase?Q: What is the gerund phrase?

A: Playing video games on Xbox…(at A: Playing video games on Xbox…(at the end of the sentence.)the end of the sentence.)

Playing video Playing video games on Xbox games on Xbox is acting as 1 is acting as 1

NounNoun

Our favorite thing to do this Our favorite thing to do this weekend will be playing video games weekend will be playing video games

on Xbox.on Xbox.

INFINITIVE PHRASEINFINITIVE PHRASE…A verb form that can be used as a Noun, an Adj., A verb form that can be used as a Noun, an Adj., or an Adv. *Most infinitives begin with “to”.or an Adv. *Most infinitives begin with “to”.

ExampleExample: The crowd grew : The crowd grew quiet quiet to hear the movie to hear the movie

StepbrothersStepbrothers

What word is the infinitive phrase describing? grew…

Making the infinitive phrase Making the infinitive phrase act as what part of speech?act as what part of speech? An Adverb!An Adverb!

Let’s Try Some…

1. Hearing Beyonce’s new song is one way to change your mood.

Tell me the infinitive phrase in each sentence. Tell me if it is used as an N, Adj, or Adv.Inf. Phrase: to change

your moodPOS: Adjective, describing way2. We used the new DVD player to watch Stepbrothers.

Inf. Phrase: to watch Stepbrothers

POS: Adverb, describing used

3. I learned to laugh and make jokes from Will Ferrell.

Inf. Phrase: to laugh and make jokes

POS: Noun, because “to laugh and make jokes” is the DO of the verb learned, making that object a Noun.**Remember…Infinitive **Remember…Infinitive

starts with “to”!!!starts with “to”!!!

To!To!

The Participial PhraseWhat the heck does What the heck does participialparticipial

mean?mean?Participial is derived from participle and a participle is a verb form that

can be used as an adjective.

Here are some examplesHere are some examples:

Present participles end in –ing: The smiling child waved.

SmilingSmiling, a form of the verb , a form of the verb smilesmile, is , is describing the noun child, making it describing the noun child, making it

(smiling) an adjective.(smiling) an adjective.

““Isn’t that some kind of a Isn’t that some kind of a mammal?”mammal?”

““No! That’s a No! That’s a

marsupialmarsupial!!! !!!

Examples Continued on next Examples Continued on next pagepage

DefDef: Verb acting as an : Verb acting as an Adj.Adj.

*Most past participles *Most past participles end in –d or –ed. end in –d or –ed.

Some are Some are irregularly formed.irregularly formed.

Participle Examples ContinuedParticiple Examples Continued……

ExamExamplesples::1. The police officers searched the 1. The police officers searched the abandonedabandoned warehouse. warehouse.

****AbandonedAbandoned is a form of the verb is a form of the verb abandonabandon and and modifies/describes warehouse so it is an modifies/describes warehouse so it is an adjective.adjective.

2. This plate, 2. This plate, boughtbought at a flea market, is a valuable antique. at a flea market, is a valuable antique.

****BoughtBought, a form of the verb , a form of the verb buybuy, , describes the noun plate, so describes the noun plate, so boughtbought is an is an adjective here.adjective here.

Ok, so those are Ok, so those are participlesparticiples, but , but what is a what is a participial phraseparticipial phrase??

““Well, a phrase is a group of Well, a phrase is a group of words, so a Participial Phrase words, so a Participial Phrase

must consist of a participle and must consist of a participle and anything describing it!”anything describing it!”

1. Noted for its convenience, FaceBook is used by millions of 1. Noted for its convenience, FaceBook is used by millions of people.people.

Let’s PracticeLet’s Practice… Tell the participial phrase and the word/s it Tell the participial phrase and the word/s it

modifiesmodifies.

Part. PhrasePart. Phrase: Noted for its convenience Word it ModifiesWord it Modifies:

2. IPhones are wonderful inventions used by IPhones are wonderful inventions used by people everywherepeople everywhere.

Part. PhrasePart. Phrase: used by people everywhere

Word it ModifiesWord it Modifies: IPhones

FaceBook

Q:What is a Q:What is a gerund gerund phrasephrase??A: Group of words that has a verb form A: Group of words that has a verb form

ending in ending in ––inging in it w/ other in it w/ other

modifiers & acts as a modifiers & acts as a nounnoun..

Q: What is an Q: What is an infinitive phraseinfinitive phrase??A. Group of words that has a verb form A. Group of words that has a verb form that can act as another part of speech; that can act as another part of speech;

****usually starts with “to”usually starts with “to”..

Q: What is an Q: What is an participial participial phrasephrase??

A: A group of words that has a A: A group of words that has a participle and any other participle and any other

modifiers; modifiers; ****the whole the whole phrase acts as an phrase acts as an

adjectiveadjective..

Last Practice Before You’re a Pro!!!Identify the phrase in each sentence and then tell what

type it is.

1. Some people like listening to hip hop music.1. Some people like listening to hip hop music.Phrase:Listening to hip hop

musicType: Gerun

d

2. American Idol, playing on the TV, looked like a 2. American Idol, playing on the TV, looked like a good episode. good episode.

Phrase: playing on the TVplaying on the TVType:ParticipiaParticipiall

Why?Because ‘playing on the Because ‘playing on the TV’ describes American TV’ describes American Idol, making the verb Idol, making the verb form playing an form playing an adjective.adjective.

3. Some believe that Ferdinand Magellan was taken 3. Some believe that Ferdinand Magellan was taken away by zombiesaway by zombies..

Continued Continued PracticePractice……

Phrase: by zombiesby zombies Type: Prepositional Phrase: Prepositional Phrase: Adverb Phrase, Adverb Phrase, describing how he describing how he was takenwas taken

Last One!!!!!4. In the United States, citizens have the right to In the United States, citizens have the right to

speak their minds.speak their minds.

Phrase: to speak their to speak their mindsminds

Type: Infinitive PhraseInfinitive PhraseWhy? It starts with “to” and it describes “right”, making It starts with “to” and it describes “right”, making

the verb form “speak” an adjective.the verb form “speak” an adjective.

Phrase #2: In the United In the United StatesStatesType?: Prepositional Prepositional PhrasePhrase

The End The End for for

Day 2!!!Day 2!!!

Be Creativ

e!!!

Take Take 3!!!3!!!

The Appositive The Appositive PhrasePhrase Definition of Appositive

Definition of Appositive:A :A Noun or Pronoun placed Noun or Pronoun placed beside another Noun or beside another Noun or Pronoun to describe it.Pronoun to describe it.

Example: I chose 1 Example: I chose 1 person, person, the girl in the the girl in the pinkpink, to pass out the , to pass out the

papers. papers.

Definition of Definition of

Appositive Phrase

Appositive Phrase: :

Has an appositive

Has an appositive

and any modifiers. (A

and any modifiers. (A

group of words with

group of words with

an appositive)

an appositive)

ReasoningReasoning:“the girl in :“the girl in the pink” is describing the pink” is describing person and is placed person and is placed directly beside that directly beside that

Noun.Noun.

Noun

beside a

Noun!

WE WE

AREARE

DONE!DONE!

THE ENDTHE END

Now I know Now I know all phrases!all phrases!

““Don’t be a dead fish! Don’t be a dead fish! That was fun right?!?!?!” That was fun right?!?!?!”

Time for a quick check Time for a quick check with parts of speech!with parts of speech!

There’s a There’s a Test Test

Tomorrow!Tomorrow!

POSPOS: Pronoun: Pronoun

My pet rock

is named

Totoro.

Type of PronounType of Pronoun: Personal: Personal

My iPhone, which may be cracked, still works. POSPOS: Pronoun: Pronoun

Type of PronounType of Pronoun: Relative: Relative

I, myself, spend 90% of my time on Tumblr.

POSPOS: : PronounPronoun

Type of Type of PronounPronoun: : IntensiveIntensive

POSPOS: Pronoun: Pronoun

Type of PronounType of Pronoun: Indefinite: Indefinite

Does anyone have a bike?

I love to listen to popular music.

POSPOS: Adjective: Adjective

I totally don’t care about I totally don’t care about thatthat at all! at all!

POSPOS: Pronoun: Pronoun

Type of PronounType of Pronoun: Demonstrative: Demonstrative

I love to listen to Lil Wayne music one way only, loudly!

POSPOS: Adverb: Adverb

I have an orange!

POSPOS: Adjective: Adjective

Type of AdjectiveType of Adjective: Indefinite Article: Indefinite Article

I want the iguana and a matching hat.

POSPOS: Adjective: Adjective

Type of AdjectiveType of Adjective: Article: Article

A=Indefinite Article, The=Definite ArticleA=Indefinite Article, The=Definite Article

The iguana would actually look cute in the hat.

POSPOS: : PrepositionPreposition

My homework is complicated.

POSPOS: Adjective: Adjective

Friendship is magic.

POSPOS: Noun: Noun

Type of NounType of Noun: Common, Abstract, Compound: Common, Abstract, Compound

I looked around for concert tickets, but couldn’t find any!

POSPOS: Adverb: Adverb

POSPOS: : ConjunctionConjunction

Type of ConjType of Conj: : Coordinating (FANBOY)Coordinating (FANBOY)

The football team did

great, for they

absolutely crushed

the opponents!

My parents think of themselves as my wardens.

POSPOS: Pronoun: Pronoun

Type of PronounType of Pronoun: : ReflexiveReflexive

When my parents try to be cool, they’re still not.

POSPOS: : ConjunctionConjunction

Type of ConjType of Conj: : SubordinatingSubordinating

POSPOS: : InterjectionInterjection

Wow, those

cookies look

scrumptious!

It is fun to have friends that have the same interests as you.

POSPOS: Pronoun: Pronoun

Type of PronounType of Pronoun: : RelativeRelative

I am an American citizen.

POSPOS: Adjective: Adjective

Type of AdjectiveType of Adjective: Proper: Proper

That dog is the cutest thing

I’ve ever seen!!

POSPOS: Adjective: Adjective

Everyone should show

school spirit at the pep

rally.

POSPOS: : PrepositionPreposition

The End!

Test Tomorrow! Study!

Ok, let’s switch Ok, let’s switch to a review of to a review of

phrases!phrases!

http://

www.shmoop.com/

video/cahsee-ela-41-

writing-sentence-

structure

Q: What 2 main things does a prepositional

phrase have?

A: •Preposition•Object

Q: What 2 characteristics

does an infinitive phrase have?

A: •Starts with to•Has a verbal

Q: Infinitive Phrase or

Prepositional

Phrase…

(To the dark

mausoleum) A: Prepositional

PhraseQ: Why?

A: Because it has a preposition and an

object, and no verbal

Q: Infinitive Phrase or

Prepositional Phrase…

(To infinity)

A: Prepositional

PhraseQ: Why?

A: Because it has a preposition and an

object, and no verbal

Q: Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional Phrase…

(To see the mysterious object)

A:

Infinitive

PhraseQ: Why?

A: Because it starts with

“to” and contains a

verbal “see”.

Q: Gerund Phrase or Participial Phrase…

(Seeing my shadow on the foggy path) made me weary to

proceed through the rusted gate.A: Gerund

Phrase

Q: Why?

A: Because the phrase is acting as the subject of the sentence, which makes it a noun, and it ends in “ing”

Q: Gerund Phrase or Participial

Phrase…

(Seeing my shadow on the foggy

path) I decided to turn around and

head for home.A: Participial Phrase

Q: Why?

A: Because the verbal “Seeing” is acting as an adjective describing “I”.

Q: What is the difference

between a verb and a

verbal?

A: A verb expresses action or a state of beingA verbal looks like a verb, but is

another part of speech: N, Adj, or Adv

Q: Is the underlined word a verb or verbal?

A: Acting like a fool in English class is not

appreciated by Willy Shakes.

Q: Why?

A: Because “acting”

is not expressing

action. It is

functioning as a noun Q: What specific kind of verbal is it and why?

A: Gerund because it ends in “ing” and is acting as a

noun

Be Creativ

e!!!