ENGLISH SKILLS TUTORIAL © Adrian.Ciupe.ELT
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ENGLISH SKILLS TUTORIAL
© Adrian.Ciupe.ELT
PHRASAL VERBS, NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS
© Adrian.Ciupe.ELT
1WHAT ARE PHRASAL VERBS?
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She decided to give up smoking.
I look forward to your letter.
1WHAT ARE PHRASAL VERBS?
Phrasal verbs are verbs followed by an adverbial particle or
verbs followed by an adverbial particle and a preposition.
They should be learnt as one single unit
(= the meaning of a phrasal verb is not the sum of the meanings of its parts!).
In dictionaries, phrasal verbs are usually listed under the main verb.
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2TYPES OF PHRASAL VERB
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Please switch on the radio. (with a NOUN) Please switch the radio on. (with a NOUN)
Please switch it on. (with a PRONOUN) Please switch on it. (with a PRONOUN)
2TYPES OF PHRASAL VERB
VERB + ADVERBIAL PARTICLE
(TRANSITIVE = followed by a DIRECT OBJECT)
See above how you can use such verbs
regarding word order with nouns and pronouns as DIRECT OBJECTS.
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I woke up (INTRANSITIVE VERB) the moment the alarm went off (INTRANSITIVE VERB).
Please wake me up (TRANSITIVE VERB) at 5 a.m.
2TYPES OF PHRASAL VERB
VERB + ADVERBIAL PARTICLE
(INTRANSITIVE = not followed by a DIRECT OBJECT)
See above the difference between intransitive and transitive verbs as well.
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We came up against problems. (with a NOUN) We came problems up against. (with a NOUN) We came up problems against. (with a NOUN) We came up against them. (with a PRONOUN) We came them up against. (with a PRONOUN) We came up them against. (with a PRONOUN)
2TYPES OF PHRASAL VERB
VERB + ADVERBIAL PARTICLE + PREPOSITION
The word(s) coming after the preposition are prepositional objects
(the verbs are all intransitive).
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3PHRASAL NOUNS
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Right from the outset, do some research before setting up your business. As an IT specialist, please help me with the setup of the software.
Please fill in this questionnaire – we always value our clients’ input. We were obviously overcharged in that restaurant. It was a real rip-off!
3PHRASAL NOUNS
A phrasal noun is a verb + an adverbial particle or an adverbial particle + a verb.
A phrasal noun does not necessarily have a corresponding phrasal verb!
Spelling phrasal nouns as one word or two words separated by a hyphen (`-`) is inconsistent (= no clear rules apply). Check a dictionary when in doubt. American English tends to use no hyphens (= single compound words).
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All passers-by were taken by surprise when the two cars collided head-on. She always frowned on the otherwise amusing goings-on in the club.
The teacher passed round some handouts at the beginning of the class.
She doesn’t cook very often, preferring to eat yesterday’s leftovers. I often wonder what university dropouts will do about their future careers. Due to the large number of break-ins in the area, the police advise caution.
3PHRASAL NOUNS
With very few exceptions, the plurals of phrasal nouns are formed
by adding –s to the particle (not the verb).
A good dictionary will always give you the correct plural form.
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After the breakout (= escape from prison) of the two convicts, the police imposed a curfew.
Many fear that the outbreak (= start of something unpleasant or dangerous,
like a disease, epidemic, fire etc.) of the disease will lead to a pandemic.
3PHRASAL NOUNS
In very rare cases, the same particle and the same verb can form two different phrasal nouns (particle + verb or verb + particle).
The meanings are always different!
In dictionaries, such phrasal nouns appear under the letters the words start with.
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4PHRASAL ADJECTIVES
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The negotiations are still ongoing. If I have a broken-down washing machine; can I recycle it?
Critics predicted that her forthcoming book would be a best-seller. He’s always been an outspoken critic of the education reform.
4PHRASAL ADJECTIVES
A phrasal adjective is a verb + an adverbial particle or an adverbial particle + a verb. It does not necessarily have a corresponding phrasal verb!
Spelling phrasal adjectives as one word or two words separated by a hyphen (`-`) is inconsistent (= no clear rules apply). Check a dictionary when in doubt. American English tends to use no hyphens (= single compound words).
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5PHRASAL ADVERBS
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You must deal with this problem head-on (= ADVERB = in a direct and determined way).
The head-on (= ADJECTIVE) collision of the two vehicles led to one fatality.
5PHRASAL ADVERBS
A phrasal adverb is a verb + an adverbial particle. It does not necessarily have a corresponding phrasal verb!
Such adverbs are very rare!
See how the same words can be used as adjectives as well.
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NOW YOU KNOW MORE ABOUT PHRASAL VERBS, NOUNS, ADJECTIVES,
ADVERBS
© Adrian.Ciupe.ELT
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