100 REFERENCES [1] Chetan Singh Solanki, Solar Photovoltaics Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications, 2nd ed. New Delhi, India: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2011. [2] Richard S stein & Joseph Powers, The energy problem.: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011. [3] I. Dincer, "The role of energy in energy policy making," solar energy, vol. 30, pp. 137-149, 2003. [4] D. Mary, Archer, and Robert Hill, Clean electricity from photovoltiacs.: Imperial college, UK, 2001. [5] Kasturi Lal and Suhit Ranjan Das, Thin film Solar Cells.: Springer, 1983. [6] M. A. Green, Solar cells: operating principles, Technology and Applications.: Prentice- Hall N. J., 1982. [7] M. A. Green, "Photovoltaic Technological overview," Energy policy, vol. 28, pp. 989-998, 2002. [8] U. Zafer and Arif Hepbasli, "A Review on the Analysis and Evaluating the Energy Utilization Efficiency on countries," vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2007. [9] John R. Fanchi, Energy in the 21st century.: World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd., 2010. [10] P. Maycock, "PV market update," Renewable energy world, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 84, 2003. [11] T. Muneer, M. Asif, and Munawars, "Sustainable Production of Solar Electricity with Particular Reference of the India Economy," Renewable Sustainable Energy Review, vol. 9, pp. 444-473, 2005. [12] Newton and G. Roger, The science of energy.: World scientific publishing co. Pte.Ltd., 2012. [13] Ahmed F Zobaa and Ramesh C. Bansal, Handbook of renewable energy technology.: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2011. [14] J. Richard, Komp, and John Perlin, Practical Photovoltaics: Electricity from solar cells.: Aatec Publications, 2002. [15] Tom Markvart Luis Castaner Augustin McEvoy, Practical Handbook of
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REFERENCES
[1] Chetan Singh Solanki, Solar Photovoltaics Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications, 2nd ed. New Delhi, India: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2011.
[2] Richard S stein & Joseph Powers, The energy problem.: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011.
[3] I. Dincer, "The role of energy in energy policy making," solar energy, vol. 30, pp. 137-149, 2003.
[4] D. Mary, Archer, and Robert Hill, Clean electricity from photovoltiacs.: Imperial college, UK, 2001.
[5] Kasturi Lal and Suhit Ranjan Das, Thin film Solar Cells.: Springer, 1983.
[6] M. A. Green, Solar cells: operating principles, Technology and Applications.: Prentice- Hall N. J., 1982.
[7] M. A. Green, "Photovoltaic Technological overview," Energy policy, vol. 28, pp. 989-998, 2002.
[8] U. Zafer and Arif Hepbasli, "A Review on the Analysis and Evaluating the Energy Utilization Efficiency on countries," vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2007.
[9] John R. Fanchi, Energy in the 21st century.: World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd., 2010.
[10] P. Maycock, "PV market update," Renewable energy world, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 84, 2003.
[11] T. Muneer, M. Asif, and Munawars, "Sustainable Production of Solar Electricity with Particular Reference of the India Economy," Renewable Sustainable Energy Review, vol. 9, pp. 444-473, 2005.
[12] Newton and G. Roger, The science of energy.: World scientific publishing co. Pte.Ltd., 2012.
[13] Ahmed F Zobaa and Ramesh C. Bansal, Handbook of renewable energy technology.: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2011.
[14] J. Richard, Komp, and John Perlin, Practical Photovoltaics: Electricity from solar cells.: Aatec Publications, 2002.
[15] Tom Markvart Luis Castaner Augustin McEvoy, Practical Handbook of
101
Photovoltaic Fundamental and Application.: Elsevier Science.
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APPENDIX I
SOURCE CODE OF EMBEDDED PROGRAM
To measure solar cell characteristics at various atmospheric conditions
#include<18f452.h> // preprocessor directive that select the chip
#device *=16 ADC=10
#fuses HS,NOWDT,PUT,NOPROTECT,NOLVP // preprocessor directive that defines fuses for
the chip
#use delay(clock=20000000) // preprocessor directive that specifies the clock
speed
#use rs232 (baud=9600,xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7) // preprocessor directive that includes the rs232
libraries
#include<sht71.h> // driver file for SHT71 temperature & humidity
sensor
#define ack=1
#include <lcd.h> // header file for LCD 16x2
char line10[]={"V: "};
char line18[]={"I: "};
char line20[]={"T:"};
char line2A[]={"RH:"};
int adc_data();
long int d,d1;
float temp0,Temp,temp1;
float voltage,Current;
long int adc_val=0;
long int adc_val1=0;
long int adc_val2=0;
void adc_channel(int ch);
//**** The main function of the program***//
void main() //main function
{
float restemp, truehumid,truehumid1; // local variable declaration
int16 restemp2; // local variable declaration
initial(); // initialization of LCD panel
data_write(line10); // V: is displayed at first column of first row of
LCD
single_command(0x89); // set the cursor at 10th column of LCD
data_write(line18); // I: is displayed at 10th column of first row of
LCD
single_command(0xc0); // set the cursor at first column of second row of
LCD
data_write(line20); // T: is at first column of second row of LCD
single_command(0xC8); // set the cursor at 9th column of second row of
LCD
data_write(line2A); // RH: is displayed at 9th column of second row
of LCD
sht_init(); // SHT71 is initialized
while(1) // continue perform operation
{
adc_channel(0);
adc_val=read_adc();
//single_command(0x82);
delay_ms(10);
conversion(adc_val);
temp0=(float)adc_val*0.004882;
d=temp0*1000;
delay_ms(10);
conversion1(d);
delay_ms(100);
adc_channel(1); // call the function adc_channel(x) for channel 1
adc_val=read_adc(); // read analog channel 1 of ADC
single_command(0x82); // set the cursor of LCD at 3rd column of first
row
delay_ms(10); // delay for 10ms
conversion(adc_val); // convert BCD values to ASCII for LCD
display
temp=(float)adc_val*0.004882; // convert adc value into float by multiplying
step size
temp=temp/2.5;
d=temp*1000; // make the float value into four digit
delay_ms(100);
conversion1(d); // conversion of float value to ASCII
delay_ms(100); // delay for 10ms
adc_channel(4); // initialize the AN4 i.e 5th ADC channel
adc_val2=read_adc(); // read the specified channel
single_command(0x8B); // set the cursor at 12th column of second row of
LCD
delay_ms(10); // delay for 10ms
temp1=(float)adc_val2*0.004882; // multiply the step size value to get actual float
value
temp1=temp1*.5128; // multiply 0.5128 to get actual current value
d1=temp1*1000; // conversion of float to BCD
conversion1(d1); // conversion of 4 digit BCD to ASCII
sht_rd (restemp, truehumid); // read the value of temperature and humidity
single_command(0xC2); // set the cursor at 3rd column of second row of
LCD
restemp2=restemp*100; // get the value in 3 digit
conversion2(restemp2); // convert the value into ASCII
delay_ms(1000); //delay 500 ms between reading to
prevent self heating of sensor
single_command(0xCB); // set the cursor in 12th column of 2nd row of
LCD
truehumid1=truehumid*100; // get the humidity value in three digit