Photosynthe sis Photosynthesis Photosynthesis The Photosynthesis Song - http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=C1_uez5WX1o Intro Video – http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=zEgIO9Kq2_Y Photosynthesis the Movie - http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/ani mations/photosynthesis/movie.ht m
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Photosynthesis Photosynthesis The Photosynthesis Song - X1o Intro Video – .
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Photosynthesis
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisThe Photosynthesis Song -http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1_uez5WX1o Intro Video – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEgIO9Kq2_Y
Photosynthesis the Movie - http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htm
ObjectivesObjectives
1. Summarize how energy is captured from sunlight during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
2. Analyze the function of electron transport chains during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
3. Relate the Calvin cycle to carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthesis.
4. Identify three environmental factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Stages of Photosynthesis
Stage 1 Light-dependent reaction
Chlorophyll pigments capture light energy
Stage 3 Light-independent reaction
Reduction of CO2 to glucose:
using ATP + NADPH + H+ to synthesize organic compounds (glucose) from CO2
Light energy converted to chemical energy. Production of ATP and NADPH
The Dark Side You just made a bunch of ATP and NADPH from
the light reactions. You now use these electrons and energy to put a
bunch of carbons together to make glucose – this is the job of the Calvin cycle.
The Calvin cycle can be broken down into three phases:
1. Carbon fixation – Putting carbons together.2. Reduction reactions – Adding electrons & energy.3. Regeneration of RuBP – Getting back to the start – it
is a cycle after all.
The Calvin Cycle!
The Calvin Cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions and CO2 from the air to make high-energy sugars (glucose)!
What is it?
Glucose
The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
What parts of the photosynthesis equation are involved in the Calvin Cycle?
CO2 is broken down to create glucose (C6H12O6)
CO2 is broken down to create glucose (C6H12O6)
C6H12O6
Steps of the Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle – Carbon Fixation
1. Six CO2 molecules enter the leaf through the stoma and diffuse into the stroma. They are added to a 5 carbon compound (ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)) by an enzyme (rubisco – ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase).
1. Six CO2 molecules enter the leaf through the stoma and diffuse into the stroma. They are added to a 5 carbon compound (ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)) by an enzyme (rubisco – ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase).
2. They are split into twelve 3-carbon compounds
3. ( 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA)).
2. They are split into twelve 3-carbon compounds
3. ( 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA)).
Calvin Cycle – Carbon Fixation
3. Energy from ATP is used to phosphorylate the 3-carbon compounds (PGA) into 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
4. A pair of electrons from NADPH reduces the 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to give G3P – glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate., a 3C
3. Energy from ATP is used to phosphorylate the 3-carbon compounds (PGA) into 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
4. A pair of electrons from NADPH reduces the 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to give G3P – glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate., a 3C
Calvin Cycle – Reduction Reactions
4. Two of the resulting 3-carbon sugars is used to make organic compounds – including GLUCOSE, starch and sucrose – in which energy is stored for later use by the organism.
4. Two of the resulting 3-carbon sugars is used to make organic compounds – including GLUCOSE, starch and sucrose – in which energy is stored for later use by the organism.
Calvin Cycle – Regeneration of RuBP
5. The other ten 3-carbon sugars are used to regenerate the initial 5-carbon compound, (RuBP) thereby completing the cycle. This process consumes 6 molecules of ATP
5. The other ten 3-carbon sugars are used to regenerate the initial 5-carbon compound, (RuBP) thereby completing the cycle. This process consumes 6 molecules of ATP
Calvin Cycle – Regeneration of RuBP
Review of Calvin Cycle
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
In the stroma of the chloroplast!
What goes into the Calvin Cycle?
ATP and NADPH are used for energyCO2 is broken apart to create C6H12O6
Animation of Overview of Photosynthesishttp://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/
objects/486/498596/CDA7_1/CDA7_1d/CDA7_1d.htm
Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is directly affected by environmental factors such as:
1. The intensity of light
2. The concentration of carbon dioxide
3. Temperature.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS QUIZ15 points
1. Where in a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?
2. What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis and where do they occur?
3. Why are plants green?
4. What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?
5. What are the reactants and products of the light dependent reactions?
6. What are the reactants and products of the Calvin Cycle?
7. What are two reasons we depend on plants for our survival?
Review1. Summarize how photosynthetic organisms
capture the energy in sunlight.2. Compare the roles of water molecules and
hydrogen ions in electron transport chains.3. Describe the role of the Calvin cycle in
photosynthesis.4. Critical Thinking Organizing Information
Make a table in which you identify the role of each of the following in photosynthesis: light, water, pigments. ATP. NADPH. and carbon dioxide.
5. Critical Thinking Inferring Relationships What combination of environmental factors affects the rate of photosynthesis?6. Standardized Test Prep During photosynthesis, plants store energy inA ADP.B carbon dioxide.C 3-carbon sugars.D water.