Photosynthesis Converts ___________energy into the chemical energy of a ____________________in this way: Solar energy + carbon dioxide + water → _________________________.

Photosynthesis• Converts ___________energy into the chemical energy of a

____________________in this way:• Solar energy + carbon dioxide + water →

_________________________• Photosynthetic organisms include plants, algae, and

certain bacteria.• These organisms are called ___________________; they

synthesize organic molecules from raw materials.

Photosynthetic Organisms

Nearly all life is dependent on solar energy because:

1) Photosynthetic organisms use _______________to produce organic nutrients.

2) Almost all organisms depend either directly or indirectly on these organic nutrients to sustain themselves.

3) Photosynthetic organisms provide food for other organisms, known as _________________.

4) The _____________________became the coal or other fossil fuels used today.

Structure and Function of Chloroplasts• ____________________are the organelles that carry on

photosynthesis.• ___________________in the middle of a leaf house chloroplasts• Mesophyll cells are protected from drying out by a

__________________________.• Pores called _____________ allow CO2 and O2 to enter the leaf.

Visible Light• Radiant energy from the sun (solar energy) can be described in

terms of its ____________________________________.

• The colors in visible light range from _________ (the shortest wavelength and highest energy) to blue, green, yellow, orange, and __________ (the longest wavelength and lowest energy).

• _______________ (chlorophylls and carotenoids) found within photosynthesizing cells, are capable of _______________various portions of visible light.

• Both ____________________________absorb violet, blue, and red light best.

• Leaves appear green because _________________________and only minimally absorbed.

Visible Light & Plants

•It is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction for short.•Oxidation is the loss of electrons; hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose.•Reduction is the gain of electrons; oxygen atoms gain electrons.•Remember OIL RIG (oxidation is loss, reduction is gain)

Photosynthetic Reactions

Overview of Photosynthesis

• A simplified overall equation for photosynthesis is:

• __________________________________________________

• During photosynthesis, water molecules are __________________; they lose electrons (e-) along with hydrogen ions (H+).

• Also, ______________and gains electrons given up by H2O.

• Electrons from H2O are energized _________________.

Two Sets of Reactions

• Photosynthesis is divided into two sets of reactions, as implied by the term “photosynthesis”:

• ___________refers to the light-dependent (needs light) reactions that capture energy from the sun • ___________________• ___________________

• “Synthesis” refers to the ____________________ (does not need light) reactions that produce carbohydrate.• ___________________

Light-Dependent Reactions • During the light-dependent reactions, light energy is absorbed by

chlorophyll molecules. _______________________is produced.

• Inside the chloroplast, water is split to produce __________________________________________, the starting ingredients for photosynthesis

Photosystem II• The electrons are excited by ___________________(from the sun).

These excited electrons are passed through a series of electron carriers. Energy from these excited electrons is used to ____________________________through the chloroplast

• An enzyme (___________________) uses the energy from these moving ions to generate ATP.

Light-Dependent Reactions Photosystem I• Electrons are excited by incoming light energy (from the sun). These

excited electrons are passed through a series of different electron carriers (_____________________________).

• As electrons pass down this chain, they combine with the molecule _____________________________

Electron Transport System

Light-Independent Reactions

• The light-independent reactions do not need light and consist of the _____________________.

• During the Calvin Cycle, ____________________is taken up by the plant (from the atmosphere)

• During the Calvin cycle, ____________________(made from the light dependant reactions) add phosphates and electrons to CO2, and convert it to glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate, or G3P

• G3P is a type of sugar which a plant can easily convert to ________________. This glucose can then be used as a source of stored energy for the plant

The Calvin Cycle

Overview of Photosynthesis