Photosynthesis A process used by plants to convert the light energy captured from the sun into chemical energy that can be used to fuel an organism's activities Reading: pgs 200 - 214
Mar 29, 2015
PhotosynthesisA process used by plants to convert the light energy captured from the sun into
chemical energy that can be used to fuel an organism's activities
Reading: pgs 200 - 214
Autotroph: organisms that can produce their own food
Heterotroph: organisms that get nutrition from consuming other organisms
A PhotoautotrophCyanobacteria living in an aqueous environment
Chemoautotrophic bacteria living on a hydrothermal vent
How we know what we know today
Van Helmont’s experiment • Plants didn’t get their mass through consuming
soil
Priestley’s experiment • Plants produce oxygen
Jan Ingenhousz • Plants only produce oxygen in the sunlight
(plants need sunlight)
Joseph Priestly• Plants produced something required for
burning and for life
Jan Ingenhousz• Aquatic plants
produce bubbles only when exposed to light
The Photoautotrophs we all know and love
Anatomy of a leafCuticle – waxy protective coatingEpidermis – top layer of protective cellsMesophyll – center cells full of chloroplastsStoma – openings in lower epidermis, protected by guard cellsVascular bundle – transports water and nutrients throughout plant
Double MembraneStroma – the Fluid that fills the chloroplastThylakoids – stacked up folded membranes made of lipids in a bilayerPhotosystems – protein complexes buried in the membranes where photosynthesis happens• There are many of these in
one thylakoid
Photosynthesis• Two separate systems working together to create a simple sugarFirst system Light Dependent Reactions• Use light to charge up energy carrying moleculesSecond System Calvin Cycle• Use energy from energy carrying molecules to convert CO2 into
Sugar
Chlorophyll• Molecule that can absorb the energy from wavelengths
of light
Light reactionsThe electron transport chain• Goals to energize ATP and NADPH using sunlight• Chain of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane
By filling up thylakoid space with H+ we generate a concentration gradient. Releasing H+ to travel down gradient this releases enough energy to recharge ADP into ATP
Calvin CycleGoals to use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light Reactions to power the conversion of CO2 into a simple sugar
Chromatography
Separate
• Analyze
• Identify
• Purify
• QuantifyComponentsMixture
Uses of Chromatography• Chromatography is used by scientists to:
• Analyze – examine a mixture, its components, and their relations to one another
• Identify – determine the identity of a mixture or components based on known components
• Purify – separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study
• Quantify – determine the amount of the a mixture and/or the components present in the sample
Mixture Components
Separation