Phonics

Pronunciation

Spelling

b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z

a, e, i, o, u

Letters SoundsVowels

Consonants

How should we pronounce a written word?How should we spell a sound stream?

Phoneme (sounds, phonemic symbols)SyllableStressIntonationToneTone-unitRhythmLinkingElisionAssimilation …

Phoneme (alphabet, digraphs, letter blends, compound structures)AffixesGrammatical CategorySyllabicationStress …

ShortSchwaLongDiphthongsThriphthongs?

Vowels Consonants

Syllables

StrongWeakSchwaSyllabic consonants

Weak syllables

Vowel tends to be shorter!

1. ə/i/u + NO coda – end of the word;2. ə + coda - in word-final position;3. ə/i/u + NO coda – inside a word;4. i + NO coda – the following syllable begins

with a consonant;

Strong syllables

Never have schwa!

1. Long vowel/diphthong/triphthong2. Any vowel + coda

Stress placement

1. Affixes?2. Grammatical category?3. Syllables?4. Phonological structure of the syllables?

Noun

Verb, adj., prep., adv.

2-syllable words

1. ‘[1st S] [2nd S] (short vowel)

2. [1st S] ‘[2nd S] (long vowel/diphthong)

1. ‘[1st S] [2nd S] (weak)

2. [1st S] ‘[2nd S] (strong)

Noun, adj.

Verb

3-syllable words

1. ‘[1st S] [2nd S] (weak) [3rd S] (weak/- əʊ)

2. [1st S] ‘[2nd S] (strong) [3rd S] (weak/- əʊ)

3. ‘[1st S] [2nd S] [3rd S] (strong)

1. ‘[1st S] [2nd S] (weak) [3rd S] (weak)

2. [1st S] ‘[2nd S] (strong) [3rd S] (weak)

3. [1st S] [2nd S] ‘[3rd S] (strong)

Complex words

1. Basic word form + affix2. Compound words

Suffixes carrying primary stress themselves

Suffixes that do no affect stress placement

Suffixes that influence stress in the stem

Compound words

1. Written as one word;2. Separated by a hyphen;3. Separated by a space.

Compound nouns

Compounds in which the first element is a number in some form

Compounds functioning as adverbs

Compounds which function as verbs and have an adverbial first element

Compounds with an adj. first element and the –ed morpheme at the end

Variable stressWord-class pairs