Phonetics Phonetics • The object of study of phonetics are called phones. Phones are actual speech sounds as uttered by human beings. • Phonetics has three main branches: • articulatory phonetics , concerned with the positions and movements of the lips, tongue, and other speech organs in producing speech; • acoustic phonetics , concerned with the properties of the sound waves; and • auditory phonetics , concerned with speech perception.
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Phonetics The object of study of phonetics are called phones. Phones are actual speech sounds as uttered by human beings. Phonetics has three main branches:
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PhoneticsPhonetics
• The object of study of phonetics are called phones. Phones are actual speech sounds as uttered by human beings.
• Phonetics has three main branches:
• articulatory phonetics, concerned with the positions and
movements of the lips, tongue, and other
speech organs in producing speech;
• acoustic phonetics, concerned with the properties of the
sound waves; and
• auditory phonetics, concerned with speech perception.
Vowels
1. How high is the tongue?
2. What part of the tongue is involved, and is that part up, down, or neutral in the mouth?
3. What is the position of the lips?
2
High front tense vowel
i (heat)
3
High front lax vowel
ı (bit)
4
Mid front tense vowel
e (bait)
5
Mid front lax vowel
ε (bet)
6
Low front vowel
æ (back)
7
High back tense and round vowel
(food) u
8
high back lax and round vowel
(foot) υ
9
Mid back, tense and round vowel
(boat) o
10
Mid back lax and round vowel
(bought) ɔ
11
Low back unround vowel
a (bomb)
12
schwa
ə (won)
13
Mid-low central lax vowel
(cut) ^
14
Vowel Chart
i u ı υ e ə o ε ^ ɔ aæ
15
phonemephoneme vs. allophonesallophones
• broad transcription• abstract segment• mental unit underlying representation
• meaning significance• distinguish words
(minimal pair)• unpredictable
• narrow transcription• concrete phones• practical pronunciation • free variation• no meaning significance